高圧力の科学と技術
Online ISSN : 1348-1940
Print ISSN : 0917-639X
ISSN-L : 0917-639X
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23 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1～14を表示しています
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巻頭言
特集：高圧流体の物性と反応
  • 超臨界水中での電子移動反応とプロトン移動反応
    木村 佳文, 大澤 浩二, 小林 一成
    2013 年 23 巻 4 号 p. 300-308
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/12/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.23.300
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In this article, recent studies on the electron transfer reaction and the proton transfer reaction in supercritical water were reviewed. Back electron transfer rate and the successive vibrational relaxation of p-nitroaniline dissolved in supercritical water were monitored by the ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. It was described how the changes of the dielectric constant and the hydrogen-bonding ability of water affect these phenomena. The proton transfer dynamics of 5-cynano-2-naphthol was studied by the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The reaction process was also strongly dependent on the hydrogen-bonding ability between water molecules.
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  • エネルギー分散X線回折とEPSR法による高温高圧水の構造解析
    吉田 亨次, 藤村 恒児, 内 和哉, 片山 芳則, 山口 敏男
    2013 年 23 巻 4 号 p. 309-318
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/12/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.23.309
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Water structure under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions has been revealed by X-ray diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) modeling. X-ray diffraction measurements of water at temperatures (298 K/30 MPa, 473 K/30 MPa and 573 K/30 MPa) and at high pressures (298 K/1 GPa, 473 K/0.35 GPa and 486 K/4 GPa) were performed on energy-dispersive type X-ray diffractometers in laboratory and in a synchrotron radiation facility, respectively. The EPSR modeling using the experimental diffraction data generated three dimensional structure of water including the position of hydrogen atoms. With decreasing density, the coordination number of water molecule decreases at high temperatures. Pressure bends the hydrogen bonds between water molecules and makes the water structure under high-pressure condition similar to that of simple liquid (Ar, Hg, etc.) The unique properties of water under extreme conditions (supercritical and high-pressure conditions) would originate from the change of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the coordination number of water.
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  • 20℃，高圧力下の液相領域におけるジメチルエーテル＋エタノール混合系の体積挙動
    保科 貴亮, 大矢 浩平, 秋葉 淳, 辻 智也, 日秋 俊彦
    2013 年 23 巻 4 号 p. 319-324
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/12/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.23.319
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Densities of dimethyl ether (DME)+ethanol liquid mixtures were measured at 20℃ under high pressure up to 40 MPa. Densities of DME+ethanol mixtures decreased with increasing DME and increased with increasing pressure at 20℃. The composition dependence of the excess molar volumes showed concaved shape and had a minimum around 50 mol% of DME at any pressures studied. The hydrogen bond between the oxygen of a DME molecule and the −OH group of an ethanol molecule makes an important role in the volume change in DME+ethanol liquid mixtures at 20℃ under high pressure.
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  • イオン液体の加圧ガラス化と減圧結晶化
    吉村 幸浩, 阿部 洋, 竹清 貴浩, 浜谷 望
    2013 年 23 巻 4 号 p. 325-331
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/12/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.23.325
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    In this article, we have reviewed the results on pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of two aliphatic quaternary ammonium-based room temperature ionic liquids, N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate ([DEME][BF4]) and N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([DEME][TFSI]) up to ～6 GPa. We focus on the behavior whether they crystallize or hold a liquid state at high pressures. Here we report the very unique behavior of ionic liquids under high pressure that [DEME][BF4] form a superpressed (glassy) state upon compression, and the crystallizations occur by releasing the pressure on the superpressurized liquid. On the other hand, [DEME][TFSI] also enters the glassy state as well, but the results together with the visual observations show that no crystallization occurs upon decompression. We believe that the results provide new insights into the phase transition behavior of ionic liquids, except for the liquid to solid or solid to solid transitions upon compression.
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  • 高圧力下におけるイオン液体の溶媒和特性と二分子蛍光消光反応に関する分光学的研究
    米谷 紀嗣, 南川 善則
    2013 年 23 巻 4 号 p. 332-338
    発行日: 2013年
    公開日: 2013/12/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.23.332
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The solvation properties of some room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and the solvent effect on bimolecular fluorescence quenching reaction have been examined at high pressures ranging from 0.1 to 300 MPa. It is found that Kamlet-Taft parameters (π*, β) are sensitive to the type of anions, but not so dependent on the type of imidazolium cations consisting of RTILs. The pressure dependence of microviscosity is found to obey the empirical power-law equation. It is revealed that the rate constant for bimolecular fluorescence quenching reaction is significantly higher than theoretical rate constant of diffusion estimated from microviscosity, suggesting the occurrence of microscopic free space within RTILs which may facilitate the solute diffusion.
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