高圧力の科学と技術

巻頭言

深海と生命　―圧力生理学のススメ―

加藤千明

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 83-84
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.83

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特集：高圧下における中性子散乱実験の実際と展望

高圧中性子特集と高圧専用ビームライン“PLANET”

八木健彦

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 87-88
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.87

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The history of the construction of “PLANET” neutron beam line at J-PARC, which was dedicated for high-pressure research, is reviewed and performance of the completed system is introduced. The unique features of PLANET such as very strong and bright neutron beam, large sample volume, and independently controllable 6-ram press, made it possible to perform new science in many fields.

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高圧中性子ビームラインPLANETの概要と中性子回折実験の実際

服部高典, 佐野亜沙美, 有馬寛, 舟越賢一, 阿部淳, 町田真一, 岡崎伸生, 大内啓一, 稲村泰弘

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 89-98
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.89

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PLANET is a high-pressure neutron beamline constructed at pulsed-neutron source in Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in J-PARC. The six-axis multi-anvil press designed for time of flight (TOF) neutron diffraction experiments enables routine data collection at high pressures and high temperatures up to 10 GPa and 2000 K, respectively. To obtain clean data, the beamline is equipped with the incident slits and receiving collimators that eliminate parasitic scattering from the high-pressure cell. The high performance of the diffractometer for the resolution (Δd/d～0.6%) and the accessible d-spacing range (0.2-8.4 Å) together with low-parasitic scattering characteristics enables precise structure determination of crystals and liquids under high pressure and temperature conditions.

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大容量プレスを用いた高温高圧中性子回折実験に向けて

山田明寛, 後藤弘匡, 八木健彦, 佐野亜沙美

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 99-107
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.99

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The technical development for the high-pressure and temperature neutron diffraction with six-axis large volume press, ATSUHIME, which has been installed at BL11 (PLANET) in J-PARC, is introduced. The 6-6-type assembly is one of suitable module for high-pressure neutron diffraction due to wide accessibility to the sample. In order to apply the 6-6-type assembly to the high-pressure neutron diffraction, large 6-6-type anvils (including anvils tightening by steel jacket) and the cell assembly have been designed and tested. The test compression and heating experiments demonstrated the usability of the large 6-6-type assembly. Future challenge is how high-intensity signal from sample can be ensured at high pressure.

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高温高圧下における鉄の重水素化反応のその場観察

齋藤寛之, 町田晃彦, 青木勝敏

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 108-118
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.108

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We have developed an in situ neutron diffraction technique for observing deuterization reactions of metals at temperatures up to 1000 K and pressures up to 10 GPa. The time evolution of the diffraction profile of iron due to deuterization was collected during heating to 1000 K at a fixed pressure of 6.3 GPa and the accumulated profile of the equilibrium solid-solution state at 988 K was taken with high statistics for precise analysis of its crystal structure. The detailed analytical method as well as the developed deuterization cell will be presented in this article.

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中性子散乱実験のための温度圧力可変システム
―Mito system―の開発

小松一生

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 119-127
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.119

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A temperature-pressure variable system for neutron scattering experiments, so called “Mito system”, was developed several years ago. The Mito system allows us (1) to control pressure up to 10 GPa, and temperature from 80 K to 473 K; (2) to control temperature with very high rate (max. 20 K min⁻¹); (3) to control temperature stably (±0.1 K over 100 K, and ±0.3 K below 100 K, approximately). It is particularly noteworthy that pressure can be downloadable to 0 GPa even at 80 K, which is not straightforward for other systems. Here I review the background of previous situation and technical problems of neutron diffraction experiments under non-ambient conditions before the development of Mito system, and also describe how these problems were overcome. Examples of neutron diffraction experiments by using the Mito system, and the currently progressing developments for the Mito system are briefly shown.

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開口角の広い対向型アンビルの開発とCa(OD)₂ の圧力誘起相転移

飯塚理子

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 128-139
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.128

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Newly designed opposed-type anvil assemblies were developed for acquiring high signal intensity of neutron diffraction data and ruby fluorescence spectra. Ni-binded WC anvils with a wide aperture angle, which were combined with a hybrid gasket made of TiZr and Al-alloy, achieved nearly ～15 GPa at room temperature. The neutron diffraction intensity was 2.5-3.0 times greater than that using the conventional toroidal anvil assemblies. The performance test of these new anvil assemblies confirms that sufficient quality diffraction data can be obtained. Using these assemblies, high-pressure behavior of hydrogen bond in Ca(OD)₂ was investigated at PLANET beamline, J-PARC.

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パルス中性子粉末回折による地球マントル高密度含水相の水素配置解析

奥地拓生, 富岡尚敬, プレジャブナランゴー

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 140-148
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.140

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Deuterium site positions and occupancies in the crystal structures of synthetic hydrous ringwoodite [γ-(Mg_1.72Fe_0.17D_0.22)(Si_0.97D_0.12)O₄] and dense hydrous magnesium silicate (DHMS) phase E [Mg_2.28Si_1.31O₆D_2.22] have been determined for the first time by high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) neutron powder diffraction conducted at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). These two minerals are the promised major careers of deep-mantle water. They were synthesized at pressures up to 19 GPa and at temperatures up to 1300℃ using a Kawai-type apparatus, for which we have newly designed two types of furnace assemblies to uniformly heat large masses of samples at these pressures (45 to 80 mg for each experimental run). The products were chemically uniform and free from any contamination of ¹H. We successfully refined the structures of the two minerals to find the relations between their chemical bonding states and their physical properties.

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オリビン型マンガン酸化物Mn₂GeO₄における磁性及びマルチフェロイック特性の圧力印加効果

本田孝志

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 149-156
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.149

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In this article, we introduce our recent high-pressure study on magnetism and multiferroicity in olivine-type Mn₂GeO₄. This compound shows successive magnetic transitions at ambient pressure and a ferroelectric ground state driven by spin-spiral order, i.e., a multiferroic state. The multiferroicity under high pressure was taken by using a recently constructed measurement system equipped with a diamond anvil cell. The pressure evolution of the magnetic structures was investigated with powder and single-crystal neutron scattering experiments using a Paris-Edinburgh press. We found that the ferroelectricity in the lowest-temperature phase disappears at 6 GPa where an incommensurate-commensurate magnetic phase transition is observed. The origin of the pressure-induced transition is discussed. Some details of the high-pressure experimental techniques will be also presented.

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SNSにおける高圧中性子回折実験の実際

町田真一

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 157-166
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.157

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The diamond anvil cells (DACs) for the neutron diffraction experiments were developed at the high-pressure diffraction instrument, the Spallation Neutrons and Pressure (SNAP) in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. In the SNAP, the neutron data of ice VII were collected up to 94 GPa at room temperature. Also, the low temperature neutron experiments can be performed by using the DAC, PE-cell and gas-pressure-cell. In this article, the introduction for experimental techniques and review of the high-pressure neutron experiments on icy materials are shown.

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受賞記念解説：高圧力学会賞

高圧実験と熱測定による地球内部物質の相転移および高圧結晶化学に関する研究

赤荻正樹

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 167-177
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.167

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In this article, advances on phase-transition studies of mantle minerals in the Earth's interior are reviewed. Precise phase relations of minerals and related inorganic compounds at high pressure have been determined by precise high-pressure experiments and also by thermodynamic calculations based on calorimetric measurements. Crystal-chemical studies on high-pressure analogue compounds for silicates and aluminates have been made to get insight to crystal structures and properties of the minerals stable in the deep Earth's interior. The results substantially advance our understanding of the structure and dynamics of the deep mantle.

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受賞記念解説：高圧力学会奨励賞

Pb・Biを含むペロブスカイト型酸化物の高圧合成と構造，物性

岡研吾

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 178-188
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.178

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Pb- and Bi- containing perovskites exhibit exotic properties owing to the presence of 6s electrons. High-pressure technique is promising method for synthesizing a wide variety of the perovskites. In this paper, the exotic properties of Pb- or Bi- containing perovskites, such as the origin of a large tetragonal distortion in PbVO₃, structural transformation of PbMnO₃ under high pressure, a large volume collapse accompanied with spin state transition in BiCoO₃, polarization rotation in BiCo_1−xFe_xO₃ solid solution, and negative thermal expansion in BiNiO₃ based materials are demonstrated. These properties are attributed to the correlation between 6s orbital of Pb and Bi and 3d orbital of transition metal elements.

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高圧力下における地球深部物質の電気・熱伝導率測定

太田健二

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 189-195
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.189

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Knowledge about transport properties of Earth-forming minerals is important to understand the formation and the evolution of solid Earth. State-of-art high-pressure techniques help us to replicate the Earth's internal conditions, and to reveal various physical properties of minerals inside of the Earth. In this article, our high-pressure experimental studies for determinations of electrical and thermal transport properties of deep inside the Earth are reviewed with focusing on the following 3 topics; (1) electrical conductivity of the Earth's lower mantle, (2) electrical and thermal conductivity of the Earth's core, (3) lattice thermal conductivity of the lower mantle.

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追悼

早すぎる魚崎泰弘先生の旅立ちを悼む

中原勝

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 196-197
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.196

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魚崎泰弘先生のご逝去を悼んで

吉田健

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 198-199
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.198

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研究室紹介

越後製菓株式会社総合研究所
食品研究室（高圧食品科学）

小林篤

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 200-201
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.200

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サロン

第8回高圧力下の生体分子に関する国際会議（8th IMBP）参加報告

赤坂一之

2016 年 26 巻 2 号 p. 202-203
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/06/21

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.202

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