As an approach in searching for a universal concept of information, Part 1 compares genetic information system with linguistic information system. The genetic information system was very highly analogous to the language system. The word, DNA language, is often used in this sense. The genetic system must have evolved much higher than the linguistic system.
　Part 2 describes an idea of quantifying semantic information based on brain nervous system. Strong correlations are found among matter, energy, and information. The following hypothesis is proposed : Thinking produces a solution which contains information. Only the useful solution is memolized in an apparatus on the cerebral cortex. In this event, energy is consumed when the electric signal is transmitted from neuron to neuron. The information content can then be expressed in terms of energy.

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　Although a partitive relation seems to be familiar to us, its characteristics and issues are not well discussed. This paper, first of all, shows disciplines that deal with generic, partitive (whole-part), and associative relations as well as approaches taken to utilize them in those disciplines. Then, general characteristics of the relations are described that are unique to the disciplines, in particular, terminology and the thesauri in information retrieval.
　On the base of the preceding discussions this paper examines the characteristics and issues of the partitive relation in terminology and the thesauri. In terminology where the relation is introduced for easier understanding of concepts it is clarified that specifying it is difficult and confusion between onomasiological and semasiological approaches is unavoidable. In terms of the thesauri whose aim is to augment retrieval performance, it is indicated that the relation is not essential and introduced tactically. It is also shown that the distinction between generic and partitive relations is vague.

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　Today, accumulation of data becomes of more importance in solving, for instance, environmental problems. Besides such external requirements, science itself requires accumulation of data for its development. It is well known that in Europe modern physics and biology were born on the basis of data for planet orbit and for species diversity, respectively, but in Japan and China such modernization failed. A comparative study is presented regarding in what scope data were treated in the East and Europe.

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