The Journal of Science Policy and Research Management

An Examiner's View : What is an Interesting paper?

Ryo HIRASAWA

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 2-3
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_2

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The author, as an examiner, feels that the number of really "interesting" papers that deserve the prizes has been decreasing. Good papers should excite readers with at least one of the following features. First, novelty of the topic: unexpected problems or surprising conclusions are an important feature of interesting papers. Second, useful results: practical usefulness is an important rationale of research in our Society. Even analysis of a single case will be useful if any new aspects, models or methods introduced are applicable to other similar cases and thus extend our understanding. Third, logical coherence: this does not only concern the logical completeness per Se, though indispensable in the natural science. Studies of subjects covering natural, human and social sciences, which are of interest for us, require sound logic in modeling phenomena involving both physical and social aspects and applying the model to the real world. In fact, many papers fail in meaningful combination of logic and usefulness. The author expects more effort of both authors and examiners to improve the quality of papers appearing in our Journal.

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Commencement and Continuation of Scientific and Technological Information Policy in Japan : Analysis on factors contributing to establishment of an information institute and its effects on policy implementation

Chikako MAEDA

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 4-16
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_4

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In l950s, inefficiency in access to scientific and technological information (STI) was recognized as a major problem in Japan and two policy proposals to establish a new STI institute was formulated: "Formation of Academic Information Bureau (1950-1952)" and "Concept for Scientific and Technological Information Center (1956)". This paper aims to clarify the factors which contributed to the realization of the latter while the former failed, through the analysis of relating historical documents. The following three points are found out in the latter, and these contributed to the establishment of Japan Science and Technology Information Center (JICST). 1) Investigated in the large political trend to promote science and technology. 2) Supported by both academic societies and business communities, especially by business communities. 3) The difference of the activities between National Diet Library was clarified. The possibilities of the affect of historical backgrounds to weakness of policy implementation of these days are also investigated.

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Dynamics in a Development of Inkjet Printer : Visualization through patent analysis

Youichirou S. TSUJI

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 17-28
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_17

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Patent information is a direct output of technology development. It can therefore be used as a preferred resource for clearer and richer description of technology development profiles. In this paper, the author presents analyses of the contents of patents submitted during development of one inkjet printer. This paper explains that patent information can complement bibliographic information. It presents the process of technology development clearly in relief. Advantages and limitations of patent analysis are examined along with findings of this case study.

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The Quantitative Analyze of the Latest Infringement Suit Based on Standardized Prosecution History (CLDrate)

Gen ABIKO

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 29-39
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_29

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The purpose of this study is to analysis the latest infringement suit based on standardized prosecution history. In this study I used one index, the number of noun phrase in grammatical case, which was already confirmed about the effectiveness in prior paper. Especially I use the parameter CLD which is defined by LD_2-LD_1. I examined infringement suit the latest 5 years. The result clearly show that 1) the larger CLD rate, the lower a percentage of wins of infringement suit, 2) the larger CLD rate r of, the higher a percentage of no infringement.

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An Empirical Analysis of the Research Facilitation Effect of the 21^<st> Century COE Program on Research Outcomes : A study of the life sciences fields, the information sciences, electrical and electronic engineering fields, and the social sciences fields

Naomi FUKUZAWA

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 40-51
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_40

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This study investigates how the 21^<st> Century COE Program affected the research outcomes of university researchers. To measure this effect, I use the "Differencein-differences" estimators to the researcher's outcomes, as measured by the number of papers and the citation counts per paper. This analysis showed that this program increased the number of papers in the life sciences fields, and increased the citation counts in life sciences fields and information sciences fields. In the social sciences fields, there was no significant increased effect on the research outcomes. Comparing these estimated results with a peer review, there were no large differences in the life sciences fields, however there were differences in the information sciences fields and the social sciences fields. Since the characteristics of research vary according to the field, it is better to use not only a peer review but also quantitative analysis as a research evaluation method.

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One Approach of Technology Stocktaking and Evaluation for Corporate Technology Strategies : Emphasizing future intentions and quantification through patent analysis

Hisao KIMURA

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 52-61
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_52

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Effective technology strategy has become indispensable to the practice of true technology management. In taking decisions in technology strategy, the first step must be technology stocktaking and evaluation. This stocktaking and evaluation can be thought of as "the seen field, the known field and the attainable field", but as such undertaking is usually done with an internally-orientated approach, it is often incomplete. Such attempts are only partial with the internal-oriented consciousness, and as such, are more often than not, incomplete. Therefore, the basic way of thinking of true technology stocktaking and evaluation for decisions regarding future-oriented technology strategy will be proposed through the promotion process outlined in this report. There are 3 main areas of this report; stocktaking of promising technology for the future, adding of quantitative technological value through patent analysis, and the hypothesis making of strategic technologies (ex. future core technologies).

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A Study on Factors that Improve or Undermine the Motivation of Young Researchers

Daisuke KANAMA

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 62-72
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_62

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Since young researchers are important resources to strengthen the national and organizational competitiveness, planning policies and strategies to raise their motivation has a great impact. In this study, influencing factors of their motivation have been investigated by interviewing them directly. The results show that characteristics analyses of their motivation indicate that the two types of "problem-solving" and "problem- finding" exist among young researchers. The researchers of "problem-solving" type basically have high research motivation based on enjoyable processes of problem-solving, and their motivation reduces when challenges beyond their understanding are given to them. The researchers of "problem-finding" type have strong curiosities to unknown world, but their motivation reduces when they feel controls from outside. To avoid their motivation being more lowered, they attribute their activities to extrinsic causes.

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Research Activity of Faculties in Universities, etc. Characterized by Their Publication Productivity

Yuko ITO

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 73-84
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_73

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This paper uses data from the Survey of faculty at Universities, etc. Based on Full-Time Equivalent Data (published by MEXT in 2009), divides the responses regarding the number of refereed papers written in a foreign language that were published during the past three years into two groups-a low productivity group (zero or one) and a high productivity group (eleven or more)-and conducts analysis based on odds ratios. Factors found to be strongly associated with the difference in producing papers include sex, type of universities, etc., fields of specialization, amount of research funds, and number of patent in foreign language. Moreover, a strong association with reduced time for research, administrative work, and social service was found for the high productivity group. The result implies that universities, etc. need structural improvements such as maintaining a multifaceted approach to performance evaluation based on various research activities and reconsidering the relationship between the administration and the research environment.

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Qualitative Study of Management Promoting Discovery-Intended Actions for Discovery Type Research

Kazuhiko ITAYA, Kiyoshi NIWA

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 85-97
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_85

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In this paper, we introduce researchers'-site-leading-management based on understanding of discovery process in the purpose of creating new points of view as for supporting discovery in exploratory research. Furthermore, the demonstrative experiment of this proposed management was conducted with 4 teams from the laboratory of a major technology company for two months and a half, and the effects on research actions were analyzed by qualitative methods. The examples of research actions are grouped into three categories irrespective of the managing types. It is revealed that researchers'-site-leading-management promotes discovery-intended actions, and moreover, series of them. It is considered that researchers'-siteleading-management controls constrains of methods and approaches for exploratory and hesitation for failure trial, and enhances both their consciousness for accidental results and unrestricted trial and error which brings deeper insight and the change of points of view.

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The Analysis of Quantitative Value of Prior Art Search using Bayesian Decision Theory

Gen ABIKO

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 98-105
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_98

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In this study I proposed scheme to analysis quantitative value of prior art search using Bayesian decision theory. I focused on two risk parameters 1) strategic advantage about element technology, 2) patentability of element technology. It was found from the result that these two risk parameter are closely connected with quantitative value of prior art search. And especially I found that the more unclear 1) strategic advantage about element technology and 2) patentability of element technology, the higher quantitative value of prior art search. These results lead us to the conclusion that we can explain the importance of prior art search from quantitative point of view.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2012 Volume 26 Issue 1_2 Pages 107-110
Published: September 20, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.26.1_2_107

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