The Journal of Science Policy and Research Management
Online ISSN : 2432-7123
Print ISSN : 0914-7020
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Volume 9, Issue 3_4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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  • The More Independent : "Creative Activity"
    Hisao OKA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 86-87
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_86
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    Respondig to the various innovations porceeding in Japan, caused by the rapid progress of science & technology and industrial reconstruction, research and development is recognized much more important than before. Until recently we could say the progress of economy and industrial technology in Japan has been achieved mainly by the team work creation. Now that Japan is one of the leading powers economically and industrially, research and development to create new concepts is inevitable for the future society. Personnel in the R&D are expected the strong personality to carry on creative activities. The revolutional movement spreading over Japanese universities and the "refresh education" for engineers working in the industry sectors will meet the demand above-mentioned, that is, encourage each individual to show his own idea, his creative activity with the flexible and strong will.
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  • Illusion of "the Tendency of Students Staying Away from Science and Engineering Programs"
    Chiaki MISHIGATA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 88-97
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_88
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    The author has examined the long-term change of the number of applicants for all Japanese universities, and has analyzed the relationship between the number of applicants for science and engineering programs at Japanese universities from 35 selected Japanese highschools and the level of academic achievements of them. The results did not show any symptoms that suggest a clear drop in the number of the students who applied for science and engineering programs in comparison with for other porgrams. The number of students who applied for science and engineering programs at universities remained stable in the high schools that maintain advanced level of academic achievement. Most of he teachers who teach at the high schools that show a decrease regard this tendency to have been caused by a drop in academic ability which is necessary to enter science and engineering programs. In the interviews of 35 high schools, no one expressed the view that science and engineering programs are out of favor with their students.
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  • Is it true that Fields of Science and Engineering Tend to Lose Attractiveness for University Applicants in Japan?
    Kozo IWATA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 98-105
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_98
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    Many literatures pointed out the fields of science and engineering tend to lose attractiveness for university applicants in Japan. To verify that it is true or not the data on the university entrance examination is empirically analyzed in this paper. The conclusion is as follows: Al-though there are many plausible evidences showed such a trend, it is possible to give another persuasive explanation to the respective ground considered of this. Moreover, it is not enough only to show many circumstantial evidences, if anyone wants to point out this kind of trend. It is necessary rather to show the framework to explain these evidences systematically as a whole.
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  • Science Achievement of Japanese Youth Measured by the International Science Study
    Masao MIYAKE
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 106-113
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_106
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    A comparative analysis of the results of the Second International Science Study conducted by IEA ascertained the science achievement of the fifth, ninth and twelfth graders in Japan. The science achievement of the fifth graders in Japan was ranked the highest in the world. The science achievement of the ninth graders was the second to that of Hungarians, and their point was slightly higher than at the time of the first study conducted in 1970. Examining the science achievement of the twelfth graders in Japan, the physics achievement of students learned physics was above the international mean. The chemistry achievement was also above the international mean, however, the biology achievement was below the international mean. Furthermore, then comparing students whose achievement on each science subject were in the top 3-5% of each country, Japanese achievement on physics and chemistry was at the top level, along with Hong Kong and Britain; however, it remained below mean in biology.
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  • A Prospect of the Future Exhibitions on Science and Technology
    Ichiro ISHIBASHI
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 114-116
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_114
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    We seldom have chances to use apparatus and tools, although we have many opportunities to use high-technology products in our life. In such social circumstances, science and technology museums play very important roles: They would motivate many children to be interested in principles of science through experiments and the products made in the early ages would impress the visitors. Experimental apparatus shows a great effect on children with appropriate direction and instruction, which volunteer are expected to help it. I am sure that children must be interested in science and technology through the chances to make something in the workshop in science and technology museums.
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  • Science and Technology Policy in the Republic of Indonesia
    Takashi BITO
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 117-125
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_117
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    The goal of the Policy in Indonesia is early industrization like other ASEAN countries. A distinctive feature of the Policy is the strong leadership by the Minister Habibie who guided science and technology in this country for more than 15 years. There are three major elements in the Policy: (1) the training and development of industry people and manufacturing industry through a concentrated investment to a model strategic national company in each industrial field, (2) the massive investment to the "research parks" as an incubator of the future hi-tech industries, and (3) the large-scale study-abroad program. The key factor to succeed in the Policy lies in the in-time supply of a sufficient amount of trained technical experts. The shortage of them is one of the serious problems in Indonesia.
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  • Science and Technology Policy in Malaysia
    Minoru HAKAMAGI
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 126-134
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_126
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    Malaysia encourages science and technology policy under the slogan "Change into a fully industrialized country by the year 20202. Its economy is undergoing remarkable growth and it is increased at the rate of more than 8% a year for the last seven years. The industrial products has been a major export of the country since 1987, and the rate reached 71% in 1993. Though they recognize the development of science and technology as one of the most crucial factors to achieve their goal, it was not long ago before science and technology policy was launched in Malaysia. Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment sets out the major policies; doubling R&D investment up to 1.6% of GDP by 2000, strengthening market driven R&D, developing technology in the private sector, and looking for talent. For the present, they are struggling to build up a close connection between the public institutes and the private sector and to overcome the shortage of engineers.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 135-139
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_135
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    [in Japanese]
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 141-144
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_141
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  • Characterization and Evaluation : An Approach toward Establishing More Transparent Evaluation Process
    Fujio SAITO
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 145-157
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_145
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    Conceptual distinction between characterization and evaluation is noticed. Characterization replies to a question "What is this?". Evaluation replies to a question "What value does this have?". It is explained for several examples how characterization and evaluation should be distinguished. Prior to evaluation, the viewpoint or the objectives as the reference for evaluation has to be clearly stated. Process of evaluation consists of establishing the reference for evaluation; clearly indicating and characterizing the object for evaluation, and executing evaluation. It is proposed to characterize and evaluate R&D results on the basis of analogies with the financial statement.
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  • Some Prospective Science and Technology Policies For The Tohoku District : Results from a Questionnaire Survey
    Kensei ARAYA, Kyoji HOSHINO
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 158-175
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_158
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    The main purpose of our survey is fact-finding on the attitudes of various institutions towards the present regional Science and Technology Policies. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 365 representatives from all kind of research institutes located in the Tohoku district. We classify these research institutes into four groups, university concerned, national research institute, prefectual research institute and private research institute. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part consists of 5 face sheet questions related with research activities. The second part consists of 12 questions on the Science and Technology Policies. We recieved 177 efficient replies, giving 48.5% reply-ratio. We are able to make clear the distribution of research fields, the situations of joint research between the different institutions and the expectations of research fields in the future. Also, we are able to show some interesting distributions about the questions on Science and Technology Policies.
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  • On the Contribution of Research and Development Activities to the Output of an Industrial Corporation : Part 4 Generalized Model for Simulation
    Kazuhiko NINOMIYA
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 176-185
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_176
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    The dependences of principal managerial indices on the unit price of selling products proposed previously in this series are modified to fit in with all industrial corporations operating within the manufacturing industry. The general tendency known in manufacturing industry that a corporation operating at the upstream side carries a variety of products buy does not adopt the independent profit system is proved to be economically reasonable. A set of three major managerial indices is recommended for each side of output and input of an industrial corporation. Each of the three major indices for the output is then shown to be directly proportional to the respective one of three major indices for the input with a proportionality constant of a universal value as given by Eqs. (30)〜(32)) in the text, and the last one is reexamined with the data obtained in 1994.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 186-187
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_186
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1995 Volume 9 Issue 3_4 Pages 188-190
    Published: October 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.9.3_4_188
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