The Journal of Science Policy and Research Management
Online ISSN : 2432-7123
Print ISSN : 0914-7020
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Volume 24, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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  • Technology Management Needs Adaptation to Big Chinese Market
    Masahiro IKEJIMA
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 124-125
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_124
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    For the Japanese businesses to cope with the shrinkage of domestic demand, the marketing policy should be reorganized to focus on the Asian, particularly the Chinese, market. While China provides a big opportunity for the technology-intensive Japanese enterprises, the market is severely competitive. The following four points should be kept in mind to develop technology management strategy to succeed in this huge market: (1) the reliable production and quality management systems should be maintained by effective transfer of QC knowledge to local suppliers; (2) the R & D activities should be tuned to the local market preference through participation of local personnel; (3) the technological potential should be turned into brand identity, which is essential for effective persuasion of wholesalers and retailers as well as customers; and (4) Aiming not only at the profit of individual enterprises but also at the prosperity of China and Asia at large, particularly in such fields as environment, energy, health care and life sciences.
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  • Asymmetry in the Cost of Knowledge Transfer : Analysis of determinant factors for utilization of knowledge transfer systems(<SPECIAL REPORT>DIVERSE SPHERES OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER SYSTEM)
    Akiya NAGATA, Fumiyuki NISHIMURA
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 126-136
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_126
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    Transfer and shearing of knowledge is a key factor for competitiveness of businesses that provide goods and/or services of highly standardized quality to a widespread area. However, it is often difficult to promote the utilization of such systems. The present work uses data on utilization of a knowledge transfer system introduced in the Distribution Department of Kyushu Electric Power Company to analyze problems that hinder effective use of the system. Examination of factors that determine utilization of the system by the supply and demand sides of knowledge revealed that conditions for accumulation of knowledge, such as long career and job experience, can increase the cost of knowledge transfer, which consists principally of the time needed to use the system. The cost is not symmetrically distributed on the supply and demand sides: the suppliers of knowledge have to pay more than receivers. This may limit transfer of knowledge of a person to the few people around him/her. The paper is concluded with discussion of possible solutions of this problem.
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  • Transfer of Knowledge from Research and Development in the Petrochemical Industry(<SPECIAL REPORT>DIVERSE SPHERES OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER SYSTEM)
    Kaori SHINOZAKI
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 137-145
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_137
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    Research and development outcomes should effectively turned into products for a business to achieve competitiveness. The business, however, must often overcome a "Valley of Death" that often lies between R & D and new products. The present work investigates factors contributing the formation of the Valley of Death in the chemical industry in which R & D outcomes is particularly vital to the innovation processes. Analysis involving the function and location of the R & D facility revealed that the Valley of Death is relatively often seen when the R & D department has independent R & D facilities only, or independent facilities along with facilities associated with production sites. It is suggested that the Valley of Death results from knowledge transfer problems, i.e. too heavy dependence on information transfer in the former case, and association with personnel relocation in the latter case where science-oriented and product-oriented projects go in parallel in the same site.
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  • Inheritance of Skill by Cross Transfer : A case study of implicit knowledge transfer mediated over different skills(<SPECIAL REPORT>DIVERSE SPHERES OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER SYSTEM)
    Seiichi MATSUOKA, Akiya NAGATA
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 146-154
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_146
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    It has generally been believed that the possibility of transfer of implicit knowledge is provided by shearing experience. This is, however, impossible if more than one person of the same function cooperate in a project. In an attempt to find opportunities for knowledge transfer in such a situation, a case study was conducted on the transfer of skills of TV directors. In actual TV program production, the director cooperates with the producer, camera operator, editor and many other specialists but has few opportunities to work with another director which would enable him/her to give to share the experience. Consequently, a novice director has to depend on other crew members as the source of information on veteran directors' skills. The present work calls the process of skill transfer through persons with different specialties the "cross transfer" and elucidates its mechanism.
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  • Guest Engineers : Mechanism of transfer and creation of knowledge in interfirm network(<SPECIAL REPORT>DIVERSE SPHERES OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER SYSTEM)
    Hideko KONO
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 155-162
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_155
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    This paper addresses the dynamics of knowledge transfer in an interfirm network through findings on "guest engineers", a common practice in the automotive industry. Long-term observation of a case revealed the following: (1) Knowledge indispensable in developing highly integrated organizational capability is transferred from the automaker to its suppliers via the guest engineers. Such knowledge is usually embedded in the organizational structure of a firm and therefore not readily transferrable between firms. (2) The guest engineer system has an elaborate mechanism for efficient training of engineers for knowledge transfer. An engineer's capability is developed through building his career beyond firm boundaries, which is facilitated by a cooperative interfirm network. (3) The guest engineers with the capability thus formed may act not only as a carrier of knowledge but also as a creator of new knowledge. The present work thus elucidates knowledge transfer beyond firm boundaries but within a network.
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  • The Myth and Reality of Knowledge Transfer : Observation from a biological laboratory(<SPECIAL REPORT>DIVERSE SPHERES OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER SYSTEM)
    Masato FUKUSHIMA
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 163-171
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_163
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    The present work aims at reviewing the concept of knowledge transfer and proposing a new interactive model of it on the basis of findings from a long-term field investigation in a leading biological laboratory. While the idea of "knowledge transfer" implies a false analogy with spatial movement of a tangible object, actual knowledge consists of intricate network of a variety of concepts. This paper models this concept as a space in which different hierarchies of skills interact, and conducts ethnographic analysis of its function in an actual biological laboratory. The laboratory occupies a leading position in the intermediate area between chemistry and biology. In such a circumstance, the "scientific knowledge" being searched is uncertain, and researchers' job is to render it robust. What "knowledge transfer" means is unclear here. Analysis of the actual processes suggests that the interaction produces what could be called the "semiotic margins." This case study indicates the necessity of a more interactive understanding of knowledge transfer.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 173-176
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_173
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  • The Issue and Prospect of Regional Science & Technology Policy toward the 4th Phase of the Science & Technology Basic Plan : An analysis of the transition of regional science & technology policy
    Shinji OKAMOTO
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 177-186
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_177
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    About the regional science & technology policy which is one of the most important policy in Japan, many policy measures are taken by the third phase of the science & technology basic plan. And recently some regional S & T policy strategy and proposal are published by government, such as the council of S & T policy. In this article, we reviewed the transition of regional S & T policy according to the every phase of S & T basic plan from the period before S & T basic law and analyzed recent regional S & T policy strategy and proposal. As a result, we consider issues and prospects of the regional S & T policy toward the 4th phase of the S & T basic plan.
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  • Innovation in the Eyewear-producing Districts of Japan and Italy : A study on fashion innovation in eyewear-producing districts
    Akira KATO
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 187-191
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_187
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    This paper begins with a discussion of the following three innovations that had a powerful influence on the eyewear districts of Japan and Italy: "Titanium Eyewear Frames", developed in Sabae, Fukui, world-wide "Distribution Domination" instigated in Belluno, Italy and the idea of turning eyewear into "Fashion Items". There follows an analysis of how these innovations positively and negatively affected the two eyewear-producing districts. The movement to make eyewear into "Fashion Items" will be here termed "Fashion Innovation", and the implications of the movement will be examined. Japanese companies are now under pressure to shift from process innovation to product innovation, but there is a limit to innovation, as it pursues only visible hardware quality and features. In this sense, the "Fashion Innovation" undertaken by companies in Belluno, Italy is a classic and simple case of best practice that deals with the acquisition of competitive advantage.
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  • A Foresight Methodology for Exploring Prior R&D Topics in Software Field and its Evaluation : Introduction of the method for calculating a degree of conflict
    Shin-ichi KOBAYASHI, Fumihiro KUMENO, Yasuyuki SHIRAI, Hiroshi INUJIMA
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 192-206
    Published: March 01, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.24.2_192
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    In order to reinforce the research development power in the software-related sectors, it is necessary to clarify the methodology of formulating the R & D strategies. This paper focuses on the methodology of setting the themes for R & D. In order to promote R & D more effectively, we propose the NeXT model which consists of two stages: foresight of the priority areas based on the conflicts between near-future trends and verifying the priority areas. Since it is one of major problems of the NeXT model to evaluate whether there is a conflict or not between given trends, we show a method for calculating a degree of conflict using FURPS+model. We have evaluated this methodology by comparing with the results of the 7-th Technology Foresight which was conducted using the Delphi method. The NeXT model comes in compliance with the characteristics of the current society in which the link between technology and society is stronger than ever before, and is applicable to a wide range of fields.
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