The Journal of Science Policy and Research Management

Knowledge Management

Ikuo YAMADA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 118-120
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_118

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Systems for storage and utilization of corporate knowledge are classified into three types according to where knowledge is stored for later utilization: in people's brains, in paper forms, or as standards. These systems are "Gutenbergian" in that they rely on printed matter as the information medium. Recent developments in communication network technology gave rise to a fourth type in which knowledge is stored in intranet, where electromagnetic storage in digital formats has replaced paper as the information storage medium. In addition to processing of increasing amount of data and information for more efficient business, which ahs been prompted by envelopment of information technology, knowledge management has recently been attracting attention as a means for enhancing business activities. The next step will be wisdom as a survival tool of an enterprise. As the object of management has been developed from data to information, knowledge, and to wisdom, higher values are being added to products.

View full abstract

Download PDF (292K)
Economics of Technological Change : A Survey

Akira GOTO

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 121-126
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_121

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

This paper reviews recent economic research works on technological changes. Given the limitation of space, the topics covered are limited to: the national Innovation System, determining factors of R&D expenditure in industry and enterprises, flow of technology, the patent system, and the standards.

View full abstract

Download PDF (787K)
Effects of Government R&D on Economic Growth : A Macro-Economic Model for Measurement

Akiya NAGATA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 127-135
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_127

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Following establishment of specific numerical goals in the Science and Technology Basic Plan, measures have been taken for early increase in governmental R&D expenditure. The stringent financial situation today, however, has given rise to concern over the fruitfulness of the extended investment. Forecasting economic effects of governmental R&D of high uncertainty is a frontier of economy of technology. The present paper reviews prior investigations into this subject and points out that those works have little political implications. The author presents an original macroeconomic model to overcome this problem. Simulations using the model shows that the numerical goal of the Science and Technology Basic Plan, if achieved, will yield by 2010 a value added that largely surpasses investment.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1152K)
Inter-Technology Relations Table and Its Implication in Science and Technology Policy

Fumio KOMODA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 136-142
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_136

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In spite of the growing importance of science and technology policy, it is not easy to establish a specific policy in this field, because it lacks a basic tool, or a counterpart of the input-output table for planning industrial policy. The author proposes exploitation of scientific/technical literature databases, including the JOIS files, INSPEC and COMPENDEX, for this purpose, particularly for preparation of an inter-technology relations table based on appropriate classification categories and index terms extracted from those databases. Such a table will be useful for identifying basic trends in R&D, paradigms in emerging fields in science or technology, dependence of a certain field on others, and characteristics of R&D fundamentals in each country.

View full abstract

Download PDF (998K)
Economic evaluation of Intellectual Property

Jun'ichi KIKUCHI

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 143-147
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_143

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In a mature software-oriented society, intellectual properties, including patents, copyrights and trademarks, are exchanged in a competitive market. An increasing number of enterprises are being involved in licencing business which yields return on intellectual rights. Internet has given rise to "cyber-economy" based on globally disseminated digital information. However, the pricing mechanism working in such marketplaces are not yet well understood. Evaluation within organizations of intellectual rights is unstable and not always fair. Meanwhile, about 25% of publicly owned companies (and 45% of companies with more than 10,000 employees) are reported to implement economic evaluation of their own intellectual properties. It is estimated that more than 0.2% of sales is spent in intellectual property management (as much as 0.4-0.7% in industries such as precision instruments, electronics, electric appliances, mechanical and chemical). This situation requires investigations into the pricing mechanism of intellectual property.

View full abstract

Download PDF (768K)
Tax Incentive and R&D Investment : An Overview

Tadahisa KOGA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 148-152
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_148

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

All OECD countries including Japan have implemented various tax incentives to promote R&D investments in industry, in view of difficulties in providing socially optimum supply of technology and knowledge as the outcome or R&D activities. The present paper describes the R&D related tax system of Japan, particularly the R&D tax credit and immediate depreciation, and discusses problems inherent to these systems and their potential solutions.

View full abstract

Download PDF (714K)
[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 153-156
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_153

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (202K)
On the Contribution of Research and Development Activities to the Output of an Industrial Corporation : Part 10 : Feasibility Study of New Products and Pre-marking Stages

Kazuhiko NINOMIYA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 157-165
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_157

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

A rivised method is proposed for feasibility studies of new products at pre-marketing stages by specifying the target enterprise being converged to the optimized state. Proper values for parameters characterizing the performance of target enterprise in terms of the simulation model may be estimated by using the practices invented herein with the data obtainable through the development processes of new products and others. A set of equations are prepared to estimate the values of principal managerial indices of the target enterprise being operated on a separate and grass-roots basis. In conducting the practices to estimate proper values for parameters, it is felt that the amounts of sales per capita of industrial corporations scatter to some extent in a systematic manner so that the average limits or both upper and lower sides may be fair to be set rather than setting an average mean value to represent the observed data.

View full abstract

Download PDF (993K)
The Effective Patterns of Product Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry : Case Study of New Drug Development

Ken'ichi KUWASHIMA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 166-181
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_166

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The purpose of the study is to clarify factors that allow successful R&D in the pharmaceutical industry and managerial factors influencing them. Most of the previous studies on the R&D management in the pharmaceutical industry are concerned with corporate strategies, and few focused on the actual R&D processes. The present paper reports a detailed case study on the R&D process of Meval otin, an original drug of Sankyo Co. Ltd. It is indicated that "go/no-go" decision is a decisive factor in R&D with a low probability of success characteristic to the development of new drugs, as compared with other industries in which communication and information integration have traditionally claimed importance in R&D management.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1862K)
The Features of Agricultural Research & Development Policy in Australia and the Economic and Social Backgrounds behind the Policy

Ryoichi NAMIKAWA

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 13 Issue 3_4 Pages 182-193
Published: July 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 29, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.13.3_4_182

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Australia's Research and Development Corporations (RDCs) are statutory organizations for promotion of R&D on agricultural products. Established for each product, an RDC imposes compulsory levy of research expenditure on the beneficiaries of the research. It serves redistribution of R&D funds for public organizations, acts as a subcontractor in R&D of national research institutes, and coordinates R&D activities on a particular product. The paper describes these functions in comparison with the Japanese systems, and analyzes economic and social backgrounds in Australia that support RDC system.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1509K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!