Breeding and calving of Japanese Black breeding cattle are typically carried out in barns. Meanwhile, calving on pasture is uncommon, despite labor savings. This research aimed to determine whether pasture calving is a viable alternative to barn calving in Japanese Black cattle. To do this, we compared the stillbirth rate and post-calving conception rate of Japanese Black breeding cattle kept in either pasture （pasture group） or barn （barn group） during the perinatal period. Both groups exhibited extended gestation periods, but calving was generally normal. The stillbirth rate was 4.8% in the pasture group and 7.0% in barn group, but the difference was not significant. The post-calving conception rate was 60.8% in the Pasture group and 63.2% in the Barn group, but this was not significant as well. In conclusion, no difference was observed in the calving status and reproductive performance between the pasture and barn groups. Therefore, we suggest that calving on pasture is comparable to calving in barns in the breeding management of Japanese Black.