Objective: Cancer Information & Support Centers (CISCs) collocated within Cancer Designated Hospitals provide support to anyone with cancer-related issues, but their services remain obscure. Although Entertainment Education (E-E) is one of the most effective tools to raise public awareness in a highly information-saturated society, its use is limited in Japan. The objective of this study was to examine whether E-E radio dramas were an effective tool for raising public awareness of CISCs.

Methods: Study participants (N=120) of this non-randomized control study were library users assigned to groups presented with three kinds of CISCs materials: listening to short radio drama A, listening to radio drama B, or reading a brochure about CISCs. The library users were asked about their knowledge of and willingness to use CISCs before and after these interventions. The amount of information contained in the materials was 900 Japanese characters in radio dramas A and B, and 10,000 Japanese characters in the brochure.

Results: About 90% of participants were willing to access CISCs after the intervention, and there were no differences among three intervention groups. Although the brochure group had broad knowledge of CISCs, shorter messages in radio dramas equally impressed the listeners.

Conclusion: Although the amount of verbal information in radio dramas was limited to about 10% of written information in the brochure, radio dramas effectively raised listeners' awareness about CISCs. Radio dramas seemed to be one of the effective tools for disseminating cancer information toward persons with limited access, and this kind of intervention should be more widely employed in Japan.

Objectives: This study first aimed to clarify the relationship between menus, nutrition quantity, and room temperature and leftover amounts of boiled rice, bread, and milk in school lunches. This study then aimed to provide a general linear model for predicting amounts of leftovers from these causal factors.

Methods: We surveyed records from school lunches (for 593 days in 2013–2016) from 12 elementary schools (approximately 7,000 children and teachers in total) in Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture (cross-sectional survey). The survey focused on the following targets: amounts of leftovers, menu contents, nutrition quantity, and room temperature. Using the stepwise method multiple regression analysis was conducted for correlation estimation. We selected the amounts of leftover per portion of boiled rice, bread, and milk as dependent variables, and the kind of the menu converted to a dummy variable, room temperature, elapsed days from April 1, meal quantity, and nutrition quantity as independent variables.

Results: The analysis of leftovers of boiled rice indicated that there were high standardization coefficients β with room temperature (β=.56), boiled rice seasoned and mixed with ingredients (β=.40), curry (β=.39), and so on, with an adjusted coefficient of determination of R²=.62. Leftover bread was highly related to fried bread (β=.55), sandwiches (β=.36), room temperature (β=.34), bread seasoned and mixed with ingredients (β=.33), and so on, with R²=.53. Leftovers of milk had a unique relationship to room temperature (β=.63), with R²=.39.

Conclusions: The leftover amounts of staple food were related to room temperature, seasoning, and cooking methods. The leftover amounts of milk had a unique relationship to room temperature. A general linear model for estimating amounts of leftovers was obtained with an explanatory power of about 60%, 50%, and 40% for boiled rice, bread, and milk, respectively.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the characteristics of cues specified in action plans for eating behavior changes with respect to each diet level.

Methods: In this qualitative study, we examined action plans for eating behavior changes formed by 252 people participated in the six-month specific intensive health guidance program provided by the national health insurance of Higashimurayama City in Tokyo from 2011 to 2015. We grouped the action plans in accordance with contents and categorized them into meals, dishes, foods, or nutrients levels. We then extracted the cues that specified when, how often, where, and how to act from the action plans, and examined the characteristics for each diet level.

Results: Participants formed 447 action plans (minimum one to maximum four per person, average (SD) = 1.8 (0.8)). Action plans of the meals, dishes, foods, and nutrients level were 88 (19.7%), 87 (19.5%), 249 (55.7%), and 23 (5.1%), respectively. Action plans of the nutrients level contained neither cues that specified when, how often, nor where to act. Cues about how to act came in a variety of contents and they were often related to "changing the contents of diet," "setting days not to drink alcohol," and "being careful."

Conclusion: In the action plans for eating behavior changes formed by the participants of this specific intensive health guidance program, the largest number of action plans was found at the foods level. Action plans at the nutrients level contained no cues that specified when, how often, or where to act.

Objective: To plan and evaluate lessons in which students can actively learn about independent lifestyles and regional comprehensive care for individuals with severe disabilities.

Activities: We planned 90-minute team teaching lessons around lectures presented by 2 severely disabled individuals. The lessons addressed how they live independently with the assistance of visiting helpers. Learning objectives included community life, living environment, transportation around the city, health, and visiting helpers' responsibilities. Post-lesson evaluations were done for 66 students using a multiple-choice questionnaire that included questions concerning the knowledge and skills registered dietitians should acquire and measures for increasing the number of nurses, and students' opinions were subjected to textual analysis.

Activity evaluations: Along with the predetermined objectives, disabled individuals recounted their experiences of going to university, eating snacks in their free time, the food provided at facilities, and other anecdotes. Most students could relate to these stories. The results of the questionnaire indicated students' levels of sympathy for the disabled, their desire to achieve the prescribed learning objectives, their interest in the nursing occupation, and their attitude towards problem resolution. This class provided students with a greater desire for self-actualization.

Future projects: We believe that lessons on the promotion of independent lifestyles and regional comprehensive care presented by disabled individuals will be highly effective. The lesson plan implemented here can be used in a variety of educational settings and that it can help provide students with an active learning environment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a cooking practice program to improve cooking skills and enhance self-esteem among elementary school students.

Methods: Twenty 4th to 6th grade students participated in a cooking practice program in five sessions from July to August, 2018. In the program children made meals with the support of the staff and then ate the meal. For the process evaluation, we asked the students about the difficulty of the program and satisfaction with it. At the end of the fourth session, we requested their guardians to complete a questionnaire. We examined the effects of the program based on changes in cooking skill items and self-esteem scores (Rosenberg self-esteem scale) before and after the program.

Results: The results of the process evaluation by students and guardians were satisfactory. The number of dishes that could be made was significantly increased after program participation (P<0.001). For all students, the self-esteem scores did not differ before and after the program. Students were divided into two groups (lower and higher groups) based on the median self-esteem score before program participation and were compared by repeated two-way ANOVA. Self-esteem scores were significantly improved in children in the lower self-esteem group (P=0.002).

Conclusion: This cooking practice program may improve cooking skills and enhance self-esteem in the lower self-esteem students.

Rapidly advancing population aging represents a major financial burden for the Japanese government. To sustain the medical insurance system and the long-term care provision, efforts have been initiated in various fields of academic research as well as in medical, health, welfare, and community settings, with healthy longevity as a central policy goal.

Although the oral health status of the Japanese people has improved during the past three decades, oral disease remains prevalent and the oral health gap persists. However, to forge ahead toward effective and sustainable solutions to these challenges, we must go beyond the narrow confines of the oral health field and set our sights on truly multi-sectorial collaboration.

On the other hand, accumulated evidence from the past two decades suggests that several pathways connect dental care and oral health with healthy life expectancy: (1) age-related changes and aging, (2) life expectancy, (3) NCDs as the main causes of death and the common risk factors thereof, (4) diseases that cause conditions requiring long-term care, (5) health promotion activities such as nutrition, exercise, and rest, and (6) socioeconomic factors.

Based on this body of scientific evidence, a novel "one health approach", which reorients oral health care as an integral component of general health policy, would effectively decrease the national health insurance budget while preventing NCDs and frailty and achieving further improvements in oral health. Health policymakers should recognize the great but often overlooked potential of oral health to contribute to a sustainable social security system.

"Reducing health disparities" become the policy goal in "Health Japan 21 (2nd)". However, if health education is promoted without thinking deeply, it may rather widen health disparity. It is because those, who are less educated, have non-regular employment, and low income and are in poverty, don't tend to participate in health checkups or health education classes, have opportunities to obtain health information, but tend to have insufficient processing ability even if they have knowledge.

What should we do? The clues are interventions in environments such as "Build healthy public policies", "Create supportive environments", and "Strengthen community action" as shown in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. To advance those, it is necessary to convey the importance to people and departments who are responsible not just for the health sector but all public policy, environment and community development.

Three reconsiderations are necessary to change from conventional health education to "health education 21" in the 21st-century that contributes to reducing health disparity.

1) Expansion of content from approaching lifestyle or behavioral modification to "primordial prevention" which creates environment making people healthy just by living in; 2) Expansion of targets from the health sector and the general public to non-health sector or business entity; 3) Concerning research, development, and dissemination of educational methods, it is needed to transform from knowledge transfer-type education to emphasizing recognition and processing ability based on findings of behavioral economics, etc.

In order to realize health promotion, it is necessary to shift to a 21st-century type "health education 21".

This report described the outline of the 23rd International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) World Conference on Health Promotion (2019 at Rotorua, New Zealand) and a trend of Northern Part of the Western Pacific (NPWP). The theme of this conference was "WAIORA: Promoting Planetary Health and Sustainable Development for All", which was attended by about 1,200 participants (about 40 from Japan). The plenary lectures focused on health inequities, socioeconomic determinants of health, climate change, intergenerational health, health literacy, smart health promotion in the digital age and so on. New discussion formats such as the master class were adopted in addition to traditional symposiums, oral lectures, and posters. On the final day, the Rotorua Statement was endorsed, which called for people to take actions in the following four key areas: "Ensure health equity throughout the life course", "Sustainable development of urban habitats", "Adaptation strategies toward climate change" and "Building of comprehensive governance system process to promote participation, peace, justice, respect of human rights and intergenerational health equity". In a trustee election to be held every three years, Prof. Margaret Barry was elected as the president and Prof. Masamine Jimba as the regional vice president of NPWP. The next conference is scheduled to be held in 2022 in Montreal, Canada. The continuous and proactive dispatching of information is expected from Japan and other Asian countries.

Objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute the most important health issue. This study aimed 1) to review the current status of NCD control and 2) to provide an update on the research of NCD prevention and control at the 23rd International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) world conference.

Results: The United Nations proposed the framework of a development objective (sustainable development goals, SDGs) to decrease premature deaths caused by NCDs by one-third by 2030. The World Health Organization promotes NCD prevention and control at the national, regional, and private sector levels. In 2018, IUHPE announced the "Beating NCDs equitably" to accelerate these initiatives. The theme of the 23rd world conference was "Promoting Planetary Health and Sustainable Development for All." Participants discussed the most recent research and practices in symposia, parallel sessions, and roundtables. The conference emphasized the need for efforts for globally and equitably to reduce health disparities.

Conclusions: A system-based approach incorporating the whole-of-society is important for equitably promoting NCD prevention and control. In line with the SDGs framework, we should promote advocacy researches and actions using a multi-sectorial approach. Further researches on health literacy at the individual level and empowerment at the local and regional community levels are needed.

Objective: Since the 15^th IUHPE World Conference held in 1995, National Network of Yogo Teachers in Japan has disseminated the roles of Yogo teachers to the world with its continuous presence at the conference. This report featured our history with IUHPE World Conference, the most recent conference held in 2019, as well as our future challenges.

Contents: In 2019, National Network of Yogo Teachers in Japan presented seven posters at the 23^rd IUHPE World Conference held in New Zealand. Among them, three posters on the subject of "suicide," "mental health," and "gender-diversity" were selected to be part of a poster circle addressing child health. A survey was conducted about common health problems at the end of the session. The results collected from the 13 audiences indicated mental health being the most common health problem affecting children and youth in other countries. Other identified issues were sexuality, obesity, dental decay, abuse, truancy, allergies, and addiction for smoking, drinking, and drugs, and we found there issues were similar to there of Japan.

Conclusions: As we saw common health problems surrounding children and youth, Yogo teachers' practice may be applicable and useful in other counties. It is our challenge to disseminate the roles of Yogo teachers to the world by continuing to present our practice and findings at world conferences.