The paper made clear the industry creating processes of useful artifacts for people and their society between the birth of mankind and the present time. The main processes have following typical three types : (1) Experience wisdom-use type such as the industrial revolution, (2) Science laws-use type such as atomic power industry and (3) Science creation-use type such as semiconductor industry. Creating a new domain of industry, important processes are the field research of needs for artifacts and the establishment of plans for technological ideas that are useful for people, society and earth environment.

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Once upon a time, a primitive man was gathering the shellfishes for food. He found a conch. He pierced and turned a stick in order to take out the flesh. This is said to have been the first moment that human being encountered the screw. On another opportunity, a mankind had found that trees were coiled around by ivy or vine in a forest. It is said that the idea of screw spiral or helix was invented by this observation. Furthermore, authors consider the snake myths that distributed over the Eastern and Western world will be another origin of the idea of screws. Screw is indispensable as a present-day machine element. To the origin of the screw, nature and myths will be considered. In this paper, origin and development of the concept of screws in the ancient Greco-Roman world, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, China, and Japan are researched from the results of fieldwork and reference's investigation.

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As the end of Edo era, many western technologies were imported to Japan. However, the philosophy for industrial development of Japan was completely different from western countries. In western countries, society is supported by the linkage of mass manufacturing by industry and mass consumption by ordinary people. On the other hand, only demanded amount of products were manufactured in Japan, mainly using recycled materials. At the time, modern western blast furnace were constructed at Kamaishi, in Northeastern Japan. This furnace had almost similar dimension as shown in western textbook. However, surrounding building and the watermill for driving blowers were Japanese traditional style. This situation was different from the technology transfer at Meiji period. In this report, the reason of this difference are discussed to clarify the difference of the Japanese traditional manufacturing philosophy from western one.

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In Japan, western technology was rapidly introduced from the last stage of the Edo era. However, a lot of examples of technology transfer failure were included in the process. This paper deals with the cause of failure of the Kamaishi national iron mill. Lack of the domestic pig iron demand and insufficient marketing research, the Kamaishi iron mill generated large amount of deficit and was the greatest failure at that period. Analyzing several remained documents, it was under-stood that Japanese engineers throw large raw ore into the furnace under operation, to make it blockade. It was the simplest way to avoid further financial loss, and to conceal serious carelessness of preliminary survey. Blockage of the furnace was not the main factor of the iron mill business discontinuance, however, it had significant meaning. It was useful to minimize the initial risk of the following private enterprise, which succeeded the iron mill management. And it had big influence in iron manufacture which had grown up to the Japanese key industry in modern ages.

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A trial joint project of high school and university are proposed and executed with restoration of the old telegraph used in the end of Edo era. Normally, technical high school pupils are considered to excel the college student in the field of work technology and zeal. Through this project, an attempt had done about understanding and enlightenment about the technical power which our country had the last stage of Edo era, had serving as the foundation of today's modernization, in advance of the technical import from west.

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Wooden carriage manufacture of Japanese Imperial Government Railway (J. I. G. R.) Works and Japanese young railway engineer cultivation in the Meiji period are described. In the start of J. I. G. R.'s transport business, 143 rolling stocks were imported from the U. K., and English railway engineers were employed. They cultivated Japanese young trainees through the construction of wooden carriages by themselves on the job training. A drawing of Adams bogie track with Munsell wheels, brief personal record of four English railway engineers and three Japanese young engineers were explained. Mechanical Engineering Heritage of four wooden carriages preserved in Japan are introduced, too.

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The first domestically-built mine type electric locomotive is said to be the locomotive used at the Ashio Copper Mine in Tochigi Prefecture, Kanto District. Wheel arrangement of this electric locomotive was 0-4-0, and built in 1893 by Ashio Copper Mine Works. Mechanical and electric engineer relation to this locomotive building was Mr. Kumazo Miyahara who graduated at Telegram Vocational Training School of Ministry of Communications. In addition to this locomotive, other two examples of mine type electric locomotive building are introduced. In the final section of this paper, significance of domestic building of mine type electric locomotive examples are discussed from the perspective of history of technology and mechanical engineering heritage.

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Hitachi Aero Plane Co. former Tokyo Gas Electric Industry Co. (Gas-Den), who also predecessor of Hino Motors, Ltd. developed an unique radial 22 cylinder aero-engine “HA51” by order of imperial army at the time of later period of the World War II. Although the engine could not be applied to test flight due to the end of the war, it has some advanced design features. For searching the design and the philosophy of this engine, brief history of the Gas-Den aero-engines was described in first part on this paper. That includes Japanese first own designed unique Shimpu (or Jimpuu) in 1928, Tempu (or Amakaze) and also Military Tank engine and others. The “HA51” engine was compared with “Homare” one of the Japanese high power engine and American P & W R2800. Unfortunately, some hypothesizes have to made on the engine, because it was missing at the war's end.

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The father and son, Marc Isambard Brunel and Isambard Kingdom Brunel, were well known as the great engineers of England in the 19th century. They were worked in the fields of mechanical and civil engineering, which were broadly developed in the post-industrial revolution age. Marc, the father, engaged in his jobs that were relating to over twenty his patents. Isambard, the son, also engaged innovatively in the wider fields by denying the system of patent. In this paper, firstly, the engineer's spirits of the father and son have been discussed, and secondly, the above clear difference between their views on patents has been discussed. The aim of this paper is to give a chance to think how today's Japanese engineers should behave toward patents and the patent system.

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The atmospheric railway is a railway in the 19th century driven by air pressure. The Brunel's atmospheric railway (BAR) directed by the great engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806-1859) was the longest distance commercial application in England. The traction force of the BAR was the pressure difference between front and rear faces of the piston in a pipeline laid between the rails. The BAR was an environment-friendly railway which could run under no-noise, no smoke, and no soot, because it was powered by stational steam engines. The atmospheric system has also an advantage in running on steeper gradient railways. The present paper has introduced the early applications of the atmospheric and pneumatic systems in Ireland, England, France, etc.

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In this paper, the authors describe the report of field investigation for Brunel's Atmospheric Railway (BAR). The BAR system was organized by Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806-1859) in England. Our field investigation was, therefore, carried out at places relating to the BAR. Starcross in Devon has preserved the historical materials of the BAR system relating to the vacuum station, Didcot Railway Centre has displayed and preserved the BAR's pipe line, and both STEAM (Museum of the Great Western Railway, Swindon) and NRM (National Railway Museum, York) have replicas of the BAR's pipe and give information about the BAR's system and Brunel. These collected materials present information about the BAR's system for making a small BAR's model.

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The working model of Brunel's atmospheric railway (BAR) was made and demonstrated at a museum event and a university festival event. The original system of BAR was run commercially in England for a year during 1847-1848. The driving system of BAR is very simple but there were many difficult problems in working service. In this paper, the authors made the working model of BAR to realize and show the Brunel's challenge : the driving mechanism, the design know-how, the dream and passion, etc. The all person played with and watched at the model enjoyed very much due to the running by a vacuum cleaner. The present paper describes the summary the detail of the model, such as materials, sizes and shapes, performance, problems, and further applications.

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This report evaluates a position of SOC (State of Charge) along with a down hill drive on a real world to its simulation on an emission chassis dynamometer with a gradient road load. On a down hill drive, a vehicle kinetic energy regenerates the battery continuously and an amount of charge volume which shifts the battery SOC up. Excessive charge is a negative factor for the battery life which is designed both a long term of life and a long distance of drive. This regenerating driving mode could not be evaluated on a flat road. A gradient drive way or a system forced energy into vehicle could evaluate the mode. To evaluate, on the one hand some necessary investigation is carried out to a realization of a down hill drive simulation on an emission chassis dynamometer and problems hitting upon the investigation has been clarified. On the other hand the real world data driving down hill is measured by HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle). The real world data collected by GPS (Global Positioning System) has fluctuated widely. This report proposes a method of spline compensation to the data for a chassis simulation test and reviews the results of the test to the real world mode and evaluates the studies. And further more study is carried out an applied chassis simulation.

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Vibration characteristics such as eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes are crucial factors that determine the dynamic performance of mechanical structures, and high performance structures that function dynamically can be designed by appropriately specifying such vibration characteristics. This paper proposes a structural optimization method for obtaining mechanical structures having specified vibration characteristics, based on the level set method. First, the basic details of a structural optimization method using the level set method, which can be applied to dynamic problems, are briefly discussed. Next, optimization problems that address the maximum eigenfrequencies, and the matching of eigenfrequencies with target values, are formulated. A new optimization algorithm based on the level set method is constructed, where a newly improved geometric re-initialization scheme is used for re-initializing a level set function, based on a zero level set surface. Using the proposed optimization algorithm, both the solving of the eigenvalue problem and the updating of the level set function are performed using the FEM, where non-structural meshes can easily be configured. Finally, several design examples are provided to confirm the usefulness of the proposed structural optimization method.

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In this paper, a topology optimization method is constructed for thermal problems with generic heat transfer boundaries in a fixed design domain that include design-dependent effects. First, the topology optimization method for thermal problems is briefly explained using a homogenization method for the relaxation of the design domain, where a continuous material distribution is assumed, to suppress numerical instabilities and checkerboards. Next, a method is developed for handling heat transfer boundaries between material and void regions that appear in the fixed design domain and move during the optimization process, using the Heaviside function as a function of node-based material density to extract the boundary of the target structure being optimized so that the heat transfer boundary conditions can be set. Shape dependencies concerning heat transfer coefficients are also considered in the topology optimization scheme. The optimization problem is formulated using the concept of total potential energy and an optimization algorithm is constructed using the Finite Element Method and Sequential Linear Programming. Finally, several numerical examples are presented in order to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method.

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Multi-axis force sensors are extensively utilized in engineering fields, for example in automotive development, where 6-axis force transducers are used to measure force components applied to wheels, and as sensors in robotic manipulators. This paper describes a new structural optimization method for multi-axis force sensor structures considering the accuracy of force detection. First, we formulate homogenization design methods (HDM) in which continuous material distributions are assumed using a continuous interpolation function at each node. Next, we clarify the mechanical requirements and design specifications of the sensor structure, using a methodology based on singular value decomposition, and construct objective functions that aim to satisfy given design specifications. The sensitivities of the objective function with respect to the design variables are formulated using eigen values. Based on these formulations, an optimization algorithm is constructed using sequential linear programming (SLP). Finally, we examine the characteristics of the optimization formulations and the generated optimal configurations and confirm the usefulness of our proposed methodology for the optimization of multi-axis force sensor structures.

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In this paper, we propose a new design method of frequency dependent optimal servo system for the positioning of flexible structures. In order to reduce the sensor cost and to suppress spillover phenomena which are caused by ignored elastic modes of the plant, we introduce a pre-filter into an input, which possesses low pass characteristics. Furthermore, we apply the ILQ servo design method, and as a results, it is shown that a low pass filter can be introduced into a control input. The proposed method enables to design specified characteristics of the pre-filter exactly and to assign poles to desirable locations of a closed loop system exactly while keeping optimality. Some results of simulations and experiments are given in order to verify the usefulness of our method.

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An approximate analytical method is developed to calculate the response distribution of a single DOF degrading bilinear hysteretic system subjected to white noise excitation. The degrading hysteretic characteristic is described by an additional state variable and newly introduced degrading parameters, which are time varying and expressed in terms of the dissipated energy. When the degrading occurs, the parameters of the hysteretic characteristic become the random processes because the dissipated energy is the function of the responses. The proposed analytical method consists of the equivalent linearization, the moment equations and assumption of the probability density functions of the dissipated energy, the degrading parameters and the responses. The probability density function of the dissipated energy is approximated by the Weibull distribution and used to derive that of the degrading parameters. The probability density function of the responses are extended from the one which has been developed for the non-degrading bilinear hysteretic system. The rms responses and the probability density functions of the stochastic responses are obtained and compared with the Monte Carlo simulation results.

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This report describes the self-monitoring function of a displacement magnifying mechanism linearly driven by piezo-electric elements. From precise experiments and FEM analysis, we found a method for predicting the driving state or displacement and force generated at the top of the mechanism. This prediction can be made from the applied voltage and the strain generated at the arm that contains the magnifying mechanism. The following findings were obtained. (1) It was confirmed that the driving state can be monitored by the applied voltage and strain. (2) For predicting the driving state, it is better to use the value of strain at a position removed from the center. For the same applied voltage, the strain at the inner surface more sharply changes than the strain at the outer surface. (3) The prediction processing should be separately made for stages of increasing and decreasing of applied voltage because the piezo-electric element has hysteresis.

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The dependence of transmission loss (TL) of a double-wall structure on the characteristics of the gases between the walls was investigated. The relationship between acoustic impedance, acoustic velocity, and TL was calculated by using the transfer matrix method. The results indicated that characteristics of the internal gases have two effects on TL. One is a change in the double-wall effect, and the other is a change in the reflection coefficient. Gases that have slower acoustic velocities or lower acoustic impedance than air increase the double-wall effect. Gases that have faster acoustic velocities increase the reflection coefficient. The calculated results for TL with air, helium, and carbon dioxide agreed well with experimental measurements. Finally, The rating of sound insulation (Rw) defined by JIS A1419-1 (ISO-717) was introduced, and the relationship between Rw and the characteristics of the gases between walls was investigated. The results indicate that gas with a low molecular weight and large ratio of specific heat is more effective to increase the TL.

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In this paper, we describe a trajectory following control for an unmanned small-scale helicopter that weighs about 9 kg. In order to achieve desirable trajectory following performance, we use model-following-type optimal control methods which are extensions of our previous work. In designing the translational guidance controller, we apply a model-following-type model predictive control method. It is important to consider the trade-off between trajectory following performance and attitude angle response in the design. These elements are reflected in the performance index for the design of the model predictive controller. In the altitude controller design, we apply a model-following-type LQI method. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of our control strategy. Accurate control performance is achieved in circular and sinusoidal trajectory following flight experiments under windy conditions.

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Self-localization of the mobile robot using RFID system generally requires a lookup table which relates the ID of each tag with its position. However, it is tedious for a human worker to manually build the table. This paper proposes a method to automatically build the lookup table by a simple mobile robot without global position measurement function. Given the small number of RFID tags with their accurate position data, the method successfully build the lookup table for many other RFID tags whose position is unknown in advance.

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We propose a method for outer shape classification in rotation manipulation by a multi-fingered robotic hand. The robotic hand has five fingers equipped with pressure distributed sensors. Each pressure sensor can measure the pressure distribution once every 10ms. Our classification method uses the pressure distributed sensors and consists of the following processes : A kurtosis is calculated from the pressure distribution, and it quantifies the shape of the current contact surface. By rotating an object and measuring a time-series pressure distribution, the hand obtains a time-series kurtosis. Finally, an evaluated value is calculated between the time-series kurtosis and a reference pattern through a continuous dynamic programming (CDP) scheme. This classifies the contact surface shape using thresholds. Laboratory experiments confirm that this method can classify three objects with a high accuracy rate.

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An importance of wearable devices in the field of medical treatment such as nursing care and rehabilitation has been strongly recognized. Also, the development of the power assisted device has been done to support the nursing care work for the elderly. The purpose of our study is to develop a flexible displacement and bending sensor which can measure the movement of human body, flexible actuator or flexible joint of the robot by mounting on the surface of them. The developed string type flexible displacement sensor (FDS for short) consists of two fixed electrodes, a slide electrode and a nylon string coated with carbon (NSCC for short). It works as a flexible potentiometer by sliding the slide electrode along NSCC while it keeps the electrical contact. In order to keep a stable contact even if NSCC bends flexibly, the slider is consisted of a brass cylinder filled with carbon black powder. We confirmed that the proposed sensor worked well by carrying out the position control of a McKibben artificial muscle with the tested sensor installed on the surface of the muscle.

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In this study, we have developed a novel cell stretching micro device to observe cellular response to mechanical stimuli with high spatial and temporal resolution. In conventional cell stretching device, rigid displacement of cell body during stretching operation is not negligible. And this rigid displacement makes it difficult to observe instant initial cellular response to stretching. The novel micro device is fabricated by applying MEMS technique, and consists of a transparent elastic micro chamber and a micro linkage mechanism. The micro chamber and linkage mechanism is fabricated by micro molding and multiple exposure technique of photoresist, respectively. We demonstrated availability of fabrication process, and evaluated performance of the micro device. When applying a stretch to chamber, rigid displacement was well suppressed. This result indicated a potential of this device to observe instant initial cellular response to stretching mechanical stimuli.

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Simple grippers with one or two degrees of freedom are commercially available prosthetic hands; these pinch type devices cannot grasp small cylinders and spheres because of their low degree of freedom. This paper presents the design and prototyping of underactuated five-finger prosthetic hand for grasping various objects in daily life. Underactuated mechanism enables the prosthetic hand to move fifteen compliant joints only by one ultrasonic motor. The innovative design of this prosthetic hand is the underactuated mechanism optimized to distribute grasping force like those of humans grasping various objects robustly. Because of human like force distribution, the prototype of prosthetic hand could grasp various objects in daily life and heavy object with the maximum ejection force of 50 N grater than other underactuated prosthetic hands.

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Generally a coefficient of friction of a human finger is very higher than a coefficient of friction of metal. The physical characteristics of a human finger are important in the work by hand. Therefore, the physical and numerical modeling of fingertip is useful for the design of various equipments, for example, a handrail of stairs, a robot hand, an operation simulator, and so on. In this study, “Coulomb friction”, “absorption by fingerprint and sweat” and “elasticity of finger” are considered as the element of the friction characteristics. The aim of this study is to express the force by these characteristics as function model and to make the physical fingertip model. At first, the force by friction and absorption are measured, and the contact area between fingertip and board is calculated. Next, the function of friction force with respect to vertical force acting on the contact surface between fingertip and board is suggested. Finally, the actual finger model is made and the friction force is modeled to the function.

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Knee ligaments, especially the cruciate ligaments, are the most commonly injured in accidents or during sports activities. Therefore to measure mechanical property of ligaments can yield significant information not only for preventing its damages but also for repairing or reconstructing it. Previously we performed tensile test on bone-ligament-bone complex and fascicle, then comparing experimental tangent moduli between fascicles and ligaments showed unexpected resultant. Although ligaments are basically composed of collagen fascicles with a tangent modulus is almost negligible, the tangent modulus of ligaments is higher than that of fascicles. To investigate the reason for this, we paid special attention to its hierarchical structure and existence of ground substance between fascicles. To consider this structure, we introduced hypothesis that the fascicles have non-uniformity, and strong and weak portions are reinforced by adjoining fascicles. Furthermore ground substance contributes the interaction between fascicles to increase stiffness of tissues. As a result, tangent modulus of ligaments is higher than fascicles'. To clarify the difference of the tissue's tangent moduli, we developed a two-dimensional continuous model of the ligaments composed of fascicles bundle by taking its hierarchical structure into account. We incorporated a fascicle's transverse anisotropy, kinematic non-uniformity along a fascicle and mechanical interaction between fascicles due to ground substance into the model. Simulation was performed by using Finite Element Method. The results and subsequent stress-strain curves reproduced the above mentioned characteristic and therefore we might clarify the micro failure mechanism of the ligament.

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In case of a lower limb prosthesis, the most important parameter is the fitting between the cut section of the leg (stump) and the socket. It has been observed that the contact pressure between the socket and the stump changes after the alignment of the lower limb prosthesis changes and also during dynamic movement such as walking or running. The main aim of this research is to design a novel socket using smart materials, such as magneto-rheological (MR) fluid, which can transform the rigidity and capacity of the socket to accommodate the dynamic movement and alignment changes. In order to determine design parameters of the socket, we conducted various experiments such as subjective evaluation of pain by the contact pressure, measurement of the stiffness of the MR bag in which MR fluid was filled up. The MR socket was actually developed as a prototype based on the above experiments. The fitting between the stump and the socket was investigated subjectively and also based on the pressure sensors. The contact pressure and the pain felt by the amputee using a lower limb prosthesis have become smaller in the proposed MR socket, especially, on the patellar tendon. The proposed MR socket had a possibility to improve the fitting between the stump and the socket.

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A standing style transfer system ABLE is designed for a person with disabled lower limbs to travel in a standing position even on uneven ground, to stand up motion from a chair and to ascend a step. ABLE consists of three modules : a pair of telescopic crutches, a powered lower extremity orthosis, and a pair of mobile platforms. First, we discuss the conceptual design of ABLE, and then show the mechanism and the specification of each module. Next, we present the role of each module and cooperative operations using three modules. In this paper, we mainly discuss the motions in a standing position : traveling and rotating. Some experimental results of these motions verify the effectiveness of this design.

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A sound source direction can be estimated by humans using a time difference between both ears and how a sound is heard, when the sound is generated. However, it is very difficult to create an estimation system by using a computer and two microphones. In this study, we propose a novel sound source direction estimation method, in which the feature difference of observation signals obtained from the two microphones is used. The feature is learned based on the algorithm of the SOM (Self Organizing Maps) and the map of 3-D sound source direction is made. Furthermore, the five kinds of objects sound from each direction are used to conforming experiment and the correct answer rate 98.7% is obtained.

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In present study, we developed a novel automatic tactile patterns delivery device that is capable of perform the tactile cognitive and neuroimaging procedures. It can serve to determining the underlying central neural mechanisms that contribute to tactile shape discrimination. The primary device consists of a finger movement orbit control unit (FCU), a disk for tactile pattern delivery (DTD), and ultrasonic motor and force sensor unit (UFU). Using energy from two ultrasonic motors to turn the DTD and FCU, the pressure applied by the fingertip can be measure with force sensor unit. The positioning of the patterns and the finger movement of subjects are controlled by a computer. To evaluate the performance of the device, we conducted three basic function tests and a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) capability test. The results indicated that the device can record reliable data and control the tactile pattern position precisely. There was no measurable modification of the signal-to-noise ratio in the high magnetic field (MRI) when operated with the main device. Finally, twenty young subjects consented to participate in the active and passive shape discrimination tasks. The results support our hypothesis that the performance of active touch was greater than passive touch, but the tendency depend on the similarity value of the tactile shape stimulus.

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It is well known that the machinability of sintered iron is improved by impregnation of thermal curing type resin into the open pore. It is believed that the presence of the resin in the pores results in uninterrupted chip formation and favorable chip-breaking, caused by the duplex microstructure. However, further investigation is needed into the causes of improvement in the machinability. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect of resin impregnation on the improvement of machinability. Shear angle and shear strain in the cutting were investigated. It was found that the shear angle was increased and the shear strain was decreased by the resin impregnation. The effect of the resin impregnation on the coefficient of friction was measured by a ring compression test. It was clarified that the coefficient of friction was reduced by the resin impregnation, but that the amount of this reduction was small. A compression test with grooved dies was performed to investigate the nominal stress-strain curve and the formability (workability) of the sintered iron. It was found that the sintered iron and the impregnated sintered iron together showed work-hardening and that the impregnation affected the nominal stress-strain curve little but the formability of the resin impregnated compact was lowered to about 0.5 times compared to that of the non-impregnated sintered iron. The density of the chip in the non-impregnated specimen produced from two-dimensional cutting was increased before the cutting; however, the amount of this increase was small in the impregnated specimen. Vickers hardness of the chip in the non-impregnated specimen was larger than that in the impregnated specimen. These experimental results suggest that the decrease of flow stress corresponding to the embrittlement induced by the resin impregnation is the main cause of drastically improving the machinability.

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Silicon (Si) wafers are the most commonly used substrates for the production of semiconductor devices. The design rule is miniaturization, and the chip size is increasing to improve the degree of the device integration. As the substrate, Si wafer is then required to be manufactured with higher flatness and larger diameter in order to meet the above demand. The double-sided polishing process is widely adopted as the finishing stage of the wafer manufacturing, because wafers with good surface quality and flatness can be obtained economically. However, the polishing technology has a serious problem : it is very difficult to set the appropriate conditions for stably polishing the Si wafer and wearing pad to high flatness in manufacturing. In this study, the optimization of double-sided polishing conditions was proposed and developed for overcoming the problem. As a basis, the model of the distribution of material removal on the wafer and the distribution of wear on the pad was developed based on kinematical analysis. The amounts of removal and wear are considered to be proportional to the sliding distance between wafer and pads. The optimization of the polishing conditions was performed utilizing a quasi-Newton method. As a result, the polishing conditions are clarified by minimizing the deviation of material removal distribution on the wafer and wear distribution on the pads, that is, achieving high flat wafer and pads.

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This paper describes a new quantification method of a product's emotional quality, which we call kansei quality, with attention paid to its diversity to support the affective design. The customer's sensitivity towards such a quality differs from person to person due to perception gaps and ambiguity. The proposed method helps the designer to grasp such diverse sensitivities of customers. In contrast to the conventional approach that aims to generalize human sensitivity using average results of sensory tests, the proposed method divides an emotional quality based on differences among the customers' sensitivity. We apply the proposed method for designing a machine sound in which the designer deals with the sound quality as a kansei quality. We carry out an impression evaluation experiment on human subjects using existing product sounds. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we compare the proposed method with the conventional approach using experimental results. The comparison results show the advantages of the method, such as the avoidance of meaningless average data caused by canceling out multiple different sensitivities. Based on the proposed method, we developed a prototype system that enables the designer to evaluate the kansei qualities of created sound without conducting a sensory test.

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