The temperature of the diamond tool tip in the cutting of difficult-to-cut materials was measured using a two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. A conical diamond tool was used as a cutting tool and titanium alloy and stainless steel were used as workpieces. The infrared rays radiated from the interface between the tool and the workpiece and transmitted through the diamond were accepted by an optical fiber inserted in the tool and led to the two-color pyrometer. This method makes it possible to measure the temperature on small areas such as cutting points in a rapid response time without contact. The tool tip temperature is found to be approximately 700-C for titanium alloy and 450-C for stainless steel at a cutting speed of 18m/s.

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High levels of hydrostatic stress are generated in the yield shear zone due to the plastic shock waves when cutting speed exceeds the plastic wave speed of a workpiece corresponding to the plastic strain at the shear zone. Since the high levels of hydrostatic stress affect the yield strength, it seems that the assumption using the von Mises yield criterion that does not depend on the hydrostatic stress is insufficient when the phenomena of an ultra high-speed cutting are predicted by FEM in detail. Thus the Drucker-Prager yield criterion that depends on the hydrostatic stress was introduced into the FEM cutting simulator, and the FEM cutting simulations were carried out. The differences of the results obtained by using the von Mises yield criterion and that by using the Drucker-Prager yield criterion were investigated. This report shows that even if cutting speed does not exceed the plastic wave speed of the workpiece the high levels hydrostatic stress are generated at the cutting edge because the effective stress increases with the hydrostatic stress and because this phenomenon gives birth to the plastic shock waves when the Drucker-Prager yield criterion is assumed.

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The field assembling of SC-type optical connector is demanded with introducing of optical fiber to the telecommunication widely. We propose a new assembling techniques which enable us to assemble everywhere with a shot-time and low cost. This techniques consist of the adhesive and the polishing. In this report we will mainly mention about a new polishing machine which process optical connector end with very short time and ease. Furthermore it can be used onsite with enough low cost by its small and light weight.

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[in Japanese]

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Microstructures and micro patterns that have an unique function are applied to various fields. The purpose of this study is development of a simple and low cost micro machining system. We use a dispenser system as a masking method before polishing or blasting. Therefore drawing accuracy is important for making micro patterns. This report describes drawing characteristics of a dispenser system. The experimental results show that drawing accuracy of our system is not enough, profile of dot patterns is uniform, and width of a line pattern changes largely. And it clarified that there is a suitable drawing condition that a line profile becomes good. For further shrink and high precision of micro patterns, it is necessary to make nozzle diameter small, control the gap between a nozzle and a work piece precisely, and use liquid of suitable viscosity.

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The absence of conventional abrasives is desirable for reducing or eliminating the need for post-finishing cleaning, and therefore creates a more environmentally-conscious process. This research developed iron-based (Fe-1mass%V) gas-atomized magnetic tools with near-spherical shape and micro-crevices on the surface. The micro-crevices perform the role of cutting, thereby achieving finishing without conventional abrasives. The near-spherical shape makes the magnetic tools easy to be introduced inside slender tubes. This studies the finishing characteristics of the developed magnetic tools applied to the internal finishing of SUS304 stainless steel tubes with 0.8 mm inner diameter, and it compares the finishing performance with the existing magnetic abrasive. This shows the feasibility of finishing slender tubes used for the sanitary piping systems using an abrasive-less finishing process with the developed magnetic tools, and the abrasive-less process is comparable in quality to the process using conventional abrasives.

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[in Japanese]

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In this study, a magnetic lapping method is proposed for bottom and side surfaces of a deep R-groove using an elastic tool. From the results of the lapping tests of soft materials such as brass and steel, it is observed that the surface roughness of workpiece was significantly improved.

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Electro polishing method using to get fine surface finishing can remove undulation of workpiece efficiency. However, this method has some problems, which are working time is long and working rate is low because of using no abrasive. Further, it is not suitable for precise finishing of the workpiece because of the removal parts are large. The other hand, abrasive polishing method can get fine surface finishing very efficiency and has good working rate. However, this cannot remove undulation. So this study is paid attention to Electro-abrasive Polishing method, which has both above electro polishing method and abrasive polishing method advantages, and it aims at highly precision polishing for titanium materials.

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Loose-abrasive machining is essential for obtaining good surface quality. However, the process has problems relating to detrimental impact on environment and a high total process cost. Therefore, it is strongly demanded for replacing the process with fixed-abrasive polishing, but the conventional fixed-abrasive polishing has a problem such as low finishing efficiency. To overcome the problem, in the previous report, we developed a structure-controlled fixed-abrasive pad which consists of a fixed-abrasive layer and an abrasive holding layer. It was introduced for finishing optical glass, and it was found that the finishing efficiency was comparable to that obtained by the conventional polishing. In this report, the conditioning method of the pad was discussed in order to improve the finishing efficiency. As a result, high finishing efficiency and good surface roughness were achieved with low abrasive consumption, and furthermore, the form accuracy of the workpiece could be significantly improved compared with the conventional polishing.

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The traveling accuracy of saw wire significantly affects on the cutoff accuracy in the wire saw slicing. In the previous paper the authors developed a non-contact measurement device for measuring the transverse motion of a traveling saw wire under no-slurry and no-workpiece conditions. However, the device could not measure the two-dimensional transverse motion of a saw wire. For a much more detailed investigation, the authors propose a new measurement device which can measure the two-dimensional transverse motion of a saw wire. The authors believe that the device is useful to clarify the causes of wire traveling error. This paper describes its measurement principle, sensitivity, linearity and accuracy.

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The lapping simulation barely has been studied to correct the surface profile of workpiece. On the other hand, the polishing simulation was developed using the gap theory and it was clarified that the simulated results agreed well with experimental results. This paper describes about the key parameter to apply the polishing simulation to lapping. The experimental results during a transitional period of lapping from the only corner part to the whole surface were compared with the simulated results using the gap theory. It was shown that the relative elastic coefficient reduces with the decrease of the gap between the tool and the workpiece, and converges to a constant value. The convergent value increases with the inclination of a surface plate, but does not change with grain size. The lapping simulation using the gap theory becomes possible if the suitable coefficient is used.

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Diamond pellet grinding (DPG) is one effective processing method, and is used for grinding of optical glass lens etc. Now, various studies have been done, however, useful knowledges obtained are almost the experimental examinations. This study aims to examine the grinding characteristics of DPG both theoretically and experimentally, and to clarify the various factors on the grinding characteristics. Moreover, this study aims to find the optimum conditions in DPG from the viewpoint of the pellets layout. This paper discusses, as the first stage, the examination results on the grinding characteristics of DPG using the image processing technique.

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[in Japanese]

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The authors have recently researched an interesting phenomenon for glass lapping test on a silver lap using quaternary ammonium chloride solutions. The silver lap is not worn during the lapping process even under the condition of large stock removal of glass are observed. In this research, purified water and NaCl solutions were used as lapping liquids for silver lapping. In the case when NaCl lapping solutions were used on glass lap, stock removals of silvers become almost zero. On the other, large amount of stock removal of silver specimens were measured in purified water. In the both cases, it is not found any differences of amount of wear of glasses between using purified water and using NaCl solutions. These results suggest the probability of non-wear silver lap disks for glass or brittle material. Also, lapping tests were carried out for silver-copper alloy specimens. Stock removals of these alloys obtained were increased with the proportion of the copper.

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In the large and deep mold manufacturing, milling operations with some inclined cutters are often used. In this method, a complex milling region with no common cutter accessible directions must be subdivided into several regions with an accessible direction. In the current practice, several hours are consumed in this task. The authors propose a new method for assisting this subdivision task. Proposed method divides the milling region into several sub-regions according to their most easily accessible direction. An experimental program is implemented and a dividing result is demonstrated.

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Cutting machines with variable cutting direction become popular, but efficient methods for deciding the optimal cutting direction with sufficient stability and safety are not known. In our prior paper, a GPU accelerated algorithm for deciding the optimal cutting direction was proposed. In this paper, modifications of the algorithm for faster silhouette computation and for handling the holder shape are discussed.

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This study deals with determination method of cutting tool posture in 5-axis control machining. In previous studies, we developed high-speed calculation method for 2D C-Space. It is based on new functions of graphic acceleration hardware (GPU). In this paper, we propose new configuration method of offset shape in order to consider tapered neck cutting tool. In the proposed method, the offset shape is transformed according to cutter location in NC program. And, it is performed by geometric calculation ability of new GPU functions, hidden surface elimination and non-liner coordinates transformation. By applying the proposed new configuration method, it is expected that we can generate easily NC program for finish machining under 5-axis control.

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[in Japanese]

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The patch division milling that can generate a geometric pattern by a ball-end mill was applied to a curved surface. The surface is divided into a lot of same size small patch segments. The whole inside area of each patch is machined with high feed rate along a helical tool path. In this study, the method for patch division on cylindrical and spherical surfaces and generation of tool path are described. Helical tool path is calculated from vertex coordinates of each patch obtained from the polygon surface by mesh subdivision method. From the results of experiments, it is shown that the patch division milling can generate well arranged regular pattern on the free-form surface.

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In order to achieve process integration, the demand for a multi-axis machine with the functions of both a 5-axis machining center and an NC lathe has been increasing.
Here we will examine some examples of machining with a high-performance integrated mill turn center, using "Driven at the Center of Gravity" technology and a Direct Drive motor.

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[in Japanese]

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In case of teaching operations of industrial robots, off-line teaching approach is effective in improving working efficiency.
However, it is difficult to generate the robot program specified the robot configuration properly. Thus users are bothered to revise the program and need huge amounts of time in many case. In this study, by using the technique of an inverse kinematics, we developed the quick and easy off-line teaching software which automatically generates robot program in consideration of a robot configuration by means of calculating each joint angle of the robot from the cutting point on the tool path generated on the basis of 3D-CAD model.

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This study deals with a development of a past similar cases reference system for supporting engineer′s decision making based on the Neural Network learning and Self Organization Map. The system shows similar cases as a map of two dimensions constructed by Self Organization Map to engineer, and weight parameters of features are updated by case selected by an engineer based on Neural Network learning algorithm. This paper describes a concept of the past similar cases reference system and details of the developed system configuration. To estimate the system performance and efficiency of our idea, results about applied 16 sample case data are indicated.

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[in Japanese]

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The objective of this paper is to develop a control method for an entertainment robot easily and simply even for beginners and kids. For realizing it, in this paper, we introduce the Web-service base interface (Web-IF) and the virtual muscle oscillation method (VMO). Web-IF can provide us two kinds of seamless interfaces: one interface is between an actual robot and a simulator, and the other interface is between a local robot and a remote one. On the other hand, VMO can provide a more intuitively motion generation because VMO introduces a creature-like motion mechanism of virtual muscles. This paper presents the application of the proposed method to a small humanoid.

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In this study, the method of easily composing the component by using the decentralized system construction toolkit that has advanced development in this research consortium is described. To the system of the object that composes the component, decentralized control system for component type multi-jointed manipulator is used. This is new-type component based decentralized cooperative control system to realize the additional links and changes structure of manipulator without to change the configuration of component controller. This proposed control system can be developed the controller for the custom-made manipulator easily. This report describes the result of the application to the distributed locus control robot arm. It composes of a different decentralized form.

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[in Japanese]

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Recently, the aged society has the deeply problem in Japan. The long-term care insurance supports the aged society. The long-term care insurance should true admit person in need of care by the certification of eligibility for long-term care system. However, the certification of eligibility for long-term care system has some problems. First of certification process, there is the primary decision in the process of certification, and that algorithm is tree structure. In originates in it, there is possibility that happened differentials at calculated time result. In this research, we propose a decision making for problem including uncertainty on the basis of Fuzzy AHP.

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Now, retrieval by keyword is the mainstream of web search. However, use of retrieval by keyword is difficult for the beginners. Thus, beginners cannot obtain the results of the purposes. In order to search efficiently, the knowledge about the usage and a keyword is required. Since the user those who get interested in a car are decreasing in number. Automobile search is raised as an example of search to which use becomes difficult. Then, the search method of assisting a beginner is proposed. We treated only the car selection process using emotional factors.

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[in Japanese]

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In recent years, several problems are pointed concerned about with the progress of aging about social service. The public nursing care system has been done since April, 2000 is one of the important systems in aging society in Japan. It pays attention the first certification of eligibility for long-term care judgment in the public nursing care system and the tree diagram system that is the judgment method is analyzed. And it aims to consider the decision making support system that uses the analysis result and uses reinforcement learning and the Neural Network as an improvement plan. The Effectiveness of the proposed methodology is shown from some experiments.

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This study makes it clear to an effect of information propagation spreading through the WWW. In order to understand such an effect, we develop some tools to collect data on the WWW and introduce some indexes to measure network characteristics on the collected data. In applying them to Social Bookmark Serves (SBS) on the WWW, it is analyzed that SBS has an effect with users who seek useful information more than with ones who offer the information.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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In recent years, demands for new materials and high precision parts, which cannot be processed using conventional diamond grinding wheels, is increasing. Especially in the case of high precision grinding, there are problems of a drop-off of abrasive grains and a limit to the concentration of the abrasive in the grinding wheel. In this research, PCD material that has a high concentration of diamond particles is adopted. It is proposed that the binder of the PCD material can be removed by electrical discharge machining and the remaining skeletal 3D structure can be used to manufacture a new grinding wheel. From the results of the investigation of EDM condition, the porous diamond which has skeletal 3D structure of 20 micrometer deep was able to manufactured.

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In order to solve problems in use of a fine grain wheel, it was proposed that a new coolant supply method that combined a coolant flow guided flexible sheet method and a kilo-sonic coolant method. The effects of this method on the machining property were investigated experimentally. As the results of surface grinding experiments of a copper alloy and hardening steel SKD11 with GC1000 conventional wheel, it was found that this method was possible to control of the wheel wear due to an adhesion of chip swarf. Moreover, it was confirmed that the same effect was able to obtain in the miller finish grinding of SCM steel with GC3000 wheel.

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The authors have developed an electrically conductive cutting edges diamond grinding wheel that is possible to precisely make the protrusion of the cutting edges on the grinding wheel or to form fine cutting edges on the grit itself during EDM operation. In this research, for the purpose of manufacturing of V-shaped wheel for micro V-groove grinding with an electrically conductive CVD diamond thick film, the effect of EDM condition on the wheel formability was investigated in the on-machine electro-discharge truing. As the result, it was found that very fine V-formed wheel with the tip radius of R=10 micrometer was manufactured.

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A new coolant supply method, namely ″coolant flow guided flexible sheet method″, has been developed by authors in order to supply a coolant exiting from the nozzle exactly to a grinding point. In this research, a new in-process electrolytic dressing method using a coolant flow guided flexible sheet as an electrode was proposed. This method was applied to cemented carbide grinding with a bronze bonded diamond grinding wheel. It is found that it is possible to finish in-process electrolytic dressing on the grinding wheel surface using this method. Furthermore, it is experimentally confirmed that an increase in grinding resistance was controlled, resulting in the roughness of a workpiece surface being improved.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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To support the worker in the cell production system, we have studied the moving tray system. In this report, we proposed the basic method to calibrate 6 DOF Parallel Mechanism using planar linear motor, and make sure the availability of the calibration in simulations. At first, we used the calibration method for the legs and it reduces the errors of the length up to about 1 µm in increasing the measurement point. Next, we add the table size of parallel mechanism to the parameters of calibration and check the correlativity between the area of measurement and the availability of the calibration. These indicate many measurement points and wide area make the calibration better.

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[in Japanese]

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The original ELID (ELID I) method was expanded to several kinds of new principles for variety of practical

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Cr-resin bonded wheel for ELID method was developed to increase cemented carbide alloy's adhesion to DLC. Three types of specimens (cemented carbide alloy) were prepared. 1) ground by ELID method with Cr-resin bonded wheel (Cr series) 2) ground by ELID method with conventional Cu-resin bonded wheel (Cu series) 3) polished by diamond spray (P series) Surfaces of specimens were analyzed by using an X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and a Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). These analyses showed that thick oxide layer and Cr diffused layer was created on Cr series. However, Cu diffused layer wasn't created on Cu series. Consequently, ELID grinding used Cr-resin bonded wheel transelemented surface of cemented carbide alloy. Cr diffused layer maybe make a contribution to improve adhesion to DLC.

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The machining methods using fixed abrasives have been drawing interest as an alternative to polishing in recent years, the most typical example of which is grinding. We are carrying out studies the realizing of the mirror surface finishing using fixed abrasive. As apart of this study, we developed of Cast Iron Bonded Wheel for ELID grinding using SPS(Spark Plasma Sintering) Method. In this study, the results of investigations on electrolytic dressing in the attempt to determine the basic characteristics of the developed SPS Wheel are discussed.

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[in Japanese]

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A new CAD system, which is Volume-CAD (VCAD) have developed. We have research and development of VCAD fabrication process based on VCAD/CAM precision control. In this study, based on a developed V-Cam, a fabrication experiment of mold for lens using a 6-axis ultraprecision non-contact hydrostatic driving system was studied to realize the system performance.

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A new method of finishing the bore portion of automobile engine cylinders, the ELID honing process had been developed. In this study, the effects of ELID honing process are discussed. Using this process, the processing time per cylinder required to finish the bore portion of a cylinder, from 70–80s decrease to approximately 40s, and improved the accuracy and stabilization of the bore face.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate polishing properties of Nano diamond. The following conclusions were obtained; Surface roughness of glass after polishing with nano diamond decreases with decreasing of nano diamond particles content. Friction coefficient increases with increasing of nano diamond particles content.

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