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In recent years, machine parts have been growing demand for small size and high accuracy. Although the need for drilling ranging for submillimeter diameter is growing, it has some problems such as low stiffness of drill and chip exhaust. Therefore, ultrasonic vibration assisted machining is featured. Compared with conventional machining, the superiority effect is obtained such as decrease of cutting force, small chip, extension of tool life, improvement of the machined surface and so on. However, very fast machining phenomenon results in difficulty of understanding for ultrasonic vibration assisted machining mechanism. In this study, in order to observe drilling inside workpeace, it used transparent acrylic. Experimental results show that the chip decoupled and smoothly exhausted by ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling.

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The property of thin water films on a solid surface is known as ″wettingPrime;, which is very important in many scientific and technological fields such as a semiconductor process, friction engineering and environmental science. In this talk, we introduce a noncontact atomic force microscopy based on electrostatic forces to obtain both topographic and surface potential images simultaneously of thin water films on a solid surface. We show some examples on alkali halide nanocrystals deposited on SiO₂ as a function of relative humidity.

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This paper describes the development of a cutting process for pure iron material using electrolyzed reduced water of NaCl instead of cutting fluid, which is not environment-friendly, and pollutes the cutting surface. First, we processed an end milling of pure iron material using as cutting solution electrolyzed reduced water and cutting fluids (both water-miscible and water-immiscible). Next, we measured the surface roughness, and the chemical composition on the cutting surface. The results indicate that electrolyzed reduced water can, indeed, be used as an acceptable cutting fluid in the process of cutting pure iron material.

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Ultra high-speed cutting experiments of the pure lead were carried out using a high-speed impact cutting tester. Cutting speeds were up to two times faster than the plastic wave speed of the lead. The experimental results revealed that the shear angle increases monotonously as cutting speeds increase, and that the friction angle on the tool face rapidly increases when cutting speeds are faster than the plastic wave speed of the pure lead. The results also indicate that the shear stress on the shear plane calculated employing the simple shear plane theory decreases rapidly even though the normal stress on it increases rapidly. This paper discusses that this phenomenon characterizes an ultra high-speed cutting mechanism of pure lead.

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Demands of the polymeric materials, such as silicon rubber, are increasing recently for medical devices etc. While the polymer materials are generally formed by injection molding process, it is required to process the polymer materials by cutting for small lot large variety production. The cutting technology of polymer materials is not yet established and it is still difficult to obtain good surface quality by cutting. A new cutting technology is introduced in the present study to cut the silicon rubber under hydrostatic pressure. Some experimental results of drilling of the silicon rubber are reported here.

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An effect of tool edge roughness on brittle fracture in glass milling is discussed. In cutting tests, the soda lime glass is cut with diamond coated carbide ball endmills in water lubricant, and the grain size of diamond coat is changed to observe the effect of the edge roughness on brittle fracture. As the result, the roughness of fractured surface was increased with grain size of diamond coat. It is concluded that the edge roughness increases the brittle cracking in glass milling.

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A machining system that can be operated at a predetermined cutting force by changing the feed rate based on cutting force signals measured by a piezoelectric type of cutting dynamometer has been developed. This technique provides a basis for glass end-milling under a stable cutting state during the process. As a result of milling tests with ball end mills, the newly developed system can machine through holes and grooves of high quality on borosilicate glass plates. The possibility of optimizing glass end-milling process with the newly developed system has been recognized through the milling tests.

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Map information is important for path planning and self-localization when mobile robots execute autonomous tasks. In unknown environment, mobile robots should measure environments and construct their maps by themselves. Then, we propose a modeling method of 3-D environment. To realize wide-ranging environment measurement, we use an omnidirectional camera. Our proposed method is based on structure from motion. The method uses straight-line edges together with feature points. These two features make it possible to measure environment densely. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed method.

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Modern science and engineering have been based on real-world images. In particular, intracellular image analysis become the mainstream in popular life science because of recent advances in confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescent observation technologies. Unfortunately, a number of observable matters simultaneously is limited. Therefore, image registration is necessary in order to integrate separately observed images for analyzing correlation and generating simulation shape models. However, intracellular images usually consist of millions to billions voxels. Hence efficient methods are required for such registration tasks. In this talk, we propose an efficient intracellular image registration method. The mapping between two images is constructed by using the cell′s geometric features and its radial basis function fitting. We achieved interactive registration rate by approximating the plasma and nuclear membranes with point set surfaces.

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