In recent years, the software which constitutes a social system becomes more important. For the software development enterprises, there is the big risk which makes a reduction in profits if only a software development project will fall in trouble. So the software development companies give attention to the improvement technique of project management and management processes as a means for solving this. In this paper, we consider the factor which makes management of a software development project difficult and we propose the project management method based on the process quantification for managing an intellectual production activity. Furthermore, we applied this technique to the development of the information and control system supporting industry and social infrastructure.

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In spite of the progress in project management technique, there is no prospect of end of troubled projects. Any project manager (PM) must be involved in it any time. When PM undertake the job to recover, he is required the effective activity. So we had to have systematic argument about recovering troubled projects. What is the common pattern of the troubled projects in confusion? They have many reasons and many situations, but can’t we make the scenario to recover them? In this paper, I try to clear the pattern and the mechanism of the project to fall in trouble, and construct the common process to make a recovery plan. Further, I will consider how PM must behave, and offer the scenario of recovering.

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It has been increasing that the ratio of Web system development projects to whole Information system development projects. This trends force project manager to face the difficulties to carry out project successfully with new web technologies, nevertheless the project is small, short term and with customer’s shrinking budget. As a matter of fact, systems engineer who is a technical leader of the project shoulders some parts of project manager’s role, because of small, short term and with customer’s shrinking budget project that is. The author has one department that has many systems engineers who have joined the Web system development projects and has experienced many actual cases. From the author’s view, there are some points for better project management that project manager and leader engineer can maximize each ability in order to successful results. This paper indicates the hints for effective Web system development project management.

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An example is given for process improvement activities in a software development company based on appraisal experience and results using CMMI^SM model, which includes the strategy for improvement, how we shared the information about the improvement activities, and the improvement opportunities we identified. Also described are the reasons why many organizations within the company were able to successfully achieve CMMI^SM level quickly.

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The NTT COMWARE group which has been implementing develop large-scale system in its own nationwide development environment. In the past, we have used ISO9001 to establish performance standards as part of our process improvement activities. After converting to ISO9001:2000, we have embarked on a path to combine CMM Software Process Improvement activities in conjunction with ISO9001:2000. The application of SW CMM Level 3 in an organization certified as ISO9001:2000 quality management system and the future direction of SPI activities are discussed in this article.

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We have done a comparative analysis with the CMMI model and present organization practice to evaluate an effect on CMMI application for the organization which typically does small to medium scale tailor-made software development. It was found that the typical Japanese culture had an influence as a result of examining the cause which became the barrier of the CMMI application.

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In the specification-creating step, which is an upstream process in the development of the system, it reflects a user specification accurately or anyhow, through the review, it controls quality of the specifications. In each test process, too, it implements the review of the test item contents and it manages how in the quality, it improves program quality and it prevents from hand return thoroughly about whether or not the detection status of the bug enters a quality standard range.

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“The Project Quality Management for Customer Creation” is an activity to make a profit for the company as the owner of project. The profit is created by the increase of Life Time Value of each clients of project. The increase of Life Time Value is realized by getting a Customer Satisfaction. In this paper, the structure of the Project Quality Management for Customer Creation in the solution type of software project is discussed.

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In this project, the systems configuration of X company which is a major service industry company was performed. It is the features that this project is a large-scale project and that development by R/3 is an inexperienced field for us. Moreover, when advancing a systems configuration project, cooperation with a customer is important and this is the point on project promotion. We analyzed the feature of the project as a risk and assumed that communication management was important. In this project, from a viewpoint of communication management serious consideration, we drew out the communication plan and managed the project smoothly. We thought that communication needs suitable approach by time and we improved the plan directly before operation and coped with it. The point is hand return prevention. Consequently, the risk factor was able to be covered and the project was able to be made successful. In this treatise, I report the example in which we made a success of the large-scale project with the above approach.

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“Organization Innovation” has been carried out in many companies in recent years. Many Companies study organizations which are considered to be ideal organizations at the time in general. And they want to build an organization in the ideal organizations as soon as possible. However, we should build an organization suitable for the characteristics of each business which a company has. In this paper, through a case study of “Organization Innovation” in an outsourcing company (outsourcer) of “IT”, one method of “Organization Innovation” using Business Portfolio Matrix (BPM) is stated.

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As server apparatus becomes highly efficient the server operation is given more considerable weight in a business system than before. It is an important element to offer the stable server operation in future outsourcing service. This study shows the method and problem to offer the stable server operation out of the various occurrences in server operation service.

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It has the case of developing an application system by the mixed section in outsourcing and system integration. By the mixed section, we can have a common application, technical and standard knowledge, and offer good quality and cost reduction to the customers. On the other hand, it has risks of the control of a project member. To maintain the mixed section, we must analyze them in advance, control their achievements and have customer cooperation.

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It becomes a subject how project management is performed with increase of a development scale. As for project management, various management elements, such as quality control / progress management / organization staff management and resources management / development scale management, cost control, and risk management, exist. It is important to evaluate by setting up a management target to each management element, and to implement a required measure immediately. This report reports the important (1) quality-control (2) development scale management (3) risk management by giving an example, when taking up the development example in a local government system and making a project successful.

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Our company is promoting the continuous process improvement for the purpose of offering the solution to which a customer is satisfied. The Public system enterprise field achieved CMM level3 early most in the whole company in December, 2002. In this report, we present an improvement and spread activities in the Public system enterprise field.

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Our company is tackling the systematic process improvement based on the CMM for the purpose of offering the high quality solution to which a customer is expected. We are tackling achievement of the SW-CMM level 3 in the Public system enterprise field as a short-term target. Moreover, we aims at achievement of the CMMI level 3 in the whole company as a mid- and long- term target. In this report, we present activity of a process improvement based on the CMM and the point taken into consideration in the systematic process improvement activities.

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It is generally recognized that problems during a project are often caused by the phases of “requirement definition” or “specifications process”. In this paper the concept of “underlying requirements” is proposed and it is shown that conflicts among underlying requirements may cause such problems. Then it is shown that these problems can be solved applying the principle of “clarification and restriction”, which used to be a tacit understanding, in a new and broader context. Methodologically the argument is developed in the domain abstracted from the author’s experiences and images of the results are illustrated using another experience.

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In case that the project manager should manage several projects concurrently, it is very difficult to have good grasp of the project status details and the risks involved for all projects. The difficulty becomes even more severe for cases of more than 10 concurrent projects. This paper describes an actual case of an effective method to manage multiple concurrent projects. The paper also describes the key items to be considered by the project manager.

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Project management is usually carried out by the hierarchy paradigm. In this situation, the possibility of autonomous decentralized operation in project management is studied in this paper. The autonomous decentralized operation was classified to three types from the viewpoint of overall optimum / partial optimum and mode of operation. The characteristics of the three types of the operation ware analyzed. The operation can make project members vitalized and can solve problems in a project much more carefully than the hierarchy paradigm operation. It looks suitable to take the western style of hierarchy paradigm project operation. However, this paper explains the usefulness of the field paradigm which was adopted in Japan from old days. The field paradigm can be taken with the hierarchy paradigm at the same time.

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With increasing importance of the speed in business, one of the urgent tasks is to enhance efficiency of management. Contributions of management to business, however, are much less visible than other related factors such as product outcomes, and difficult to become a focus when addressing substantial business process innovation and reformation. This project has found that Project Management (PM) can be a useful and effective method and tool in analyzing business processes as PM makes management problems more “visible” and helps us to analyze the problems. The progress of the business process innovation that our team has developed from the outcomes of adopting PM is also presented in this paper.

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Recently, the development of software products in new domain and the development of software products with new technology are on the increase, and so risk in the software product development project has been increasing. Because of that, the projects that actual costs exceeded scheduled costs have been increasing. I propose the experiment that stakeholders understand the dynamic status of projects as increasing the risk by the reciprocal action of risks among the characteristic factors predicated of projects in the planing stage or the changing stage of the plan.

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Project tracking/control is indispensable for a success project. It is a key factor to ensure that the project is right on the track and meet the quality requirements. Usually, WBS is used as a tool for tracking the project. Project tasks will be divided into tasks of 5 days units, and project performance will be measure against each task. This approach works well for many traditional projects. But concerning Web based application nowadays, using the WBS solely may not be enough. We need a new way to manage short-term projects efficiently. In this paper, we will take a close look at the characteristics on project tracking, and then we will explain about how to track short-term web based project in a “Real-time” manner and discuss on its advantages.

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This paper is for project managers in IT projects and is described about time and cost management by using EV analysis in IT projects. In the techniques of performance reporting, Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is one of the fundamental and important techniques and tools. And we have to focus on how to estimate PV and evaluate EV and AC in order to realize “Time Management and Cost Management” effectively. The purpose of this paper is to make time and cost management more effective especially in IT projects. In order to make them more effective, it’s extremely important for project managers to understand how to measure and evaluate project performance by using EVA. This paper can give you tips and hints about Earned Value Management (EVM) and EVA as a tool and a technique. It can be helpful to understand what and how to assess, evaluate and manage work results and project records in project performance by using EVA and EVM as time and cost management. So you can get an opportunity to learn and study how to execute and control your project beautifully.

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As part of a revision of government procurement procedures, introducing the EVM (Earned Value Management), one of the project management methods, is considered. In response to the trend, Japanese vendors have synchronously started in studying application and effectiveness of the EVM. The purpose of the introduction of the EMV is to complete highly accurate project plans or to monitor project performances. The backgrounds of the introduction of the EVM in Japan is similar to the ones in the US in 1990s: i) central government’s initiative, ii) growth in information systems procurement by the government in line with the development of e-Government systems, iii) problem solving in the government procurement system. In addition, the UK government, which has been implementing the EVM for several years, runs ahead of the Japanese government. Based on these facts, we think that the two countries are suitable models to properly understand and utilize the EVM. In this paper, we will clarify backgrounds, purposes, benefits and tasks of the introduction of the EVM in Europe and the US.

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Although it is essential that quality and efficiency of reviews has been improved in each stage of software design and development processes, in many cases, quality of the review is inclined to be decreased, because of difficulties of focusing on the review points due to the unclearness of the review theme about which the review participants are going to discuss. On the other hand, efficiency of the review is also inclined to be decreased, mainly because of spending some extra time to prepare review materials before the review starts and difficulties of referring materials that review participants want to refer on demand. This paper reports about an activity we are conducting, whose puropose is improving quality and efficiency of reviews. In this activity, we provided a couple of review rooms where we can conduct reviews in accordance with our own review theme, and we can refer review materials electronically with projectors and screens on demand while the review is under way.

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It is required to get transparency and high-visibility through the project life cycle for a project’s success. To share metrics of cost and performance in organization leads to get early indications and prevention of problems. In this report, we select project metrics to enhance visibility of project and examine a project performance measurement system which uses them. We use the project management knowledge areas of PMBOK in the selection of project metrics and we use the technique of earned value management for the definition of metrics in Project Time Management and Project Cost Management.

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Recently in Japan, more and more interest has been drawn to project management. While almost all business sectors are straggling to break the impasse, project management is regarded as one of the tools for solution. At the same time, the management (senior managers and middle managers alike) demands for the proposals to the methods, which are “easy to implement, quick to yield the benefits and still persuasive”, somewhat nontraditionally among themselves. It might be the indication of the Japanese industry as whole and individual companies standing at the corner. In actual fact there is no such miracle as above. The “theory of constraints (TOC)”, however, seems to be a good solution to such a demand. Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt developed TOC based on the principle of physics, which employs a variety of application tools like SCM, BPR, Project Management, etc., based on the thinking process. This paper discusses the basics and the effects of project management methodology using the TOC, in comparison with the conventional method like CPM.

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The Balanced Scorecard (hereafter, BSC) is a widely adopted performance management framework first described in the early 1990s. More recently it has been proposed as the basis for a ‘strategic management system’. In this paper, we first set out a theory of the function of BSC in the strategic management system then report on an empirical investigation of this theory. The evidence from three companies allows us to conclude that the BSC is useful in the field of formulation of emergent strategies as well as implementation of intended strategies.

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The technique of Project Management has two methods that are C.P.M and C.C.M. T.O.C. Project Management that feature C.C.M. has significant result among current business place in U.S.A. and also increase the attention of interest in Japanese industries. C.C.M. is deferent from C.P.M. in terms of the process. Ekiden is famous sports activity in the worldwide now and originally started and grew in Japan. Especially, Hakone Ekiden is the big project that the objective is to accomplish top position of relay running among universities of student athlete association of Kanto area as typical event of New Year. If we consider that Ekiden is one of Projects, we find many factors as Project through C.C.M. The resource of each task is call Relay Runner and has specific role in C.C.M. The runner of each part of Ekiden is Relay Runner of task that is from 1 Ku to 10 Ku. We will identify the role and characteristic of Relay Runner in this report and Project Manager who manage Relay Runners and Resource Manager.

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Customer satisfaction is driving today’s businesses as companies large and small are raising its importance on their platforms. The relationship between project management and customer satisfaction can show to what extent project management has penetrated in the industries. The valuable data obtained and published by Nikkei BP on customer satisfaction and project management along with other factors are analyzed in this paper in the context of the Kano Model of customer satisfaction. The intent is to determine whether or not project management belongs to attractor type. The same analysis on the quality, cost, and delivery data provides a comparison between project management and these factors and shows where project management stands today. Then discussions on the penetration of project management and its role in boosting customer satisfaction are made.

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This research aims to clarify the communications structure to consider the stakeholder satisfaction and to show the importance of it acquisition, to establish the smooth communication between stakeholders that are factors to lead the software development project to the success. Various stakeholders were layered based on the method of participation in the project to clarify the feature and the demand by clarifying each satisfaction acquisition structure. Next, the concept of a strategic system was applied to the communications management to propose the strategic communications structure. In addition, based on this the countermeasure was settled on to the demand change of the stakeholder.

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We developed the framework to survey the morale of knowledge workers in IT industry in order to increase project members’ working satisfaction. We call that “the partner satisfaction survey frame.” In this report, we report the case which one of IT solution providers introduces this partner satisfaction survey, and the knowledge and outcome from this survey. And we report another case that they introduce the partner satisfaction survey frame in their project management.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose a project management methodology for activating corporate culture for Japanese companies and to argue its validity through some practices. Although appropriate methodologies are absolutely necessary for management consulting projects under time constrains, almost no project management methodologies for consultation have been systematized as formal knowledge so far. The paper proposes a systematized methodology, called SSM-PM, for efficient consulting project management by activating the corporate culture. The methodology employs soft systems methodology (SSM) combined with the “issue maps” and “quantitative analysis frameworks” of corporate culture for integrating thoughts and languages of the participants, so that it can support efficient promotion of the project. We also apply it to a consultancy case of a Japanese manufacture company.

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In order to execute a project, the project manager makes an execution plan and monitors the progress of his project. Further, the manager should direct a countermeasure to cope with each risk caused in the project. Actually, if a major risk is happened unexpectedly, it is substantially impossible to solve such situation by the project manager. Therefore, it is important to cope with a risk in the early stage of the project. In this study, authors propose a method for avoiding unexpected risks as much as possible while the execution plan of project is made. In this method, a risk is identified by the fault-tree analysis of prepared work-packages in an ordinary WBS and a countermeasure of each risk is classified to revise the original WBS. An illustrative example is also provided to explain in proposed method.

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On business of our company, there is the risk of big increase of the amount of the business, twice a year. Then, the project to correspond to this risk was started. In this project, this risk was specified separately for an inner factor and an external factor from the viewpoint of the risk management. As the risk measures, the sub-project of the process design and the personnel promotion for the business improvement ware executed. The content of the execution and the effect are introduced.

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We, as an IT company, have introduced the project review using the project checklists, in which the project checklists shall be used as a means for avoiding the problems and risks on system development in advance. This paper states how the project review has been introduced.

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ERP is a technique as well as a concept to integrate fundamental businesses of a company, plan and control its managerial resources. ERP has got in the market as a package since the age of 1990. A company lacking of integrity and flexibility in fundamental businesses, which had been built by local optimization, tried to introduce an ERP package born in European or American. However, few companies carried out an ERP introducing project with understanding the essence and clear purposes. Therefore, there were many cases in which people suffered with gap between ideal and reality at the operational stage. This study proposes a rational approach to alternatives selection in an ERP introducing project assuming that a problematical factor generated at the operational stage arises in the introducing stage, which is the previous. It is expected the method to select alternatives based on ISM and AHP (Relative Measurement method and Inner Dependence method) will support to carry out an ERP introducing project along desirable purposes.

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Projects of data analysis which is the core technology of DOA (Data Oriented Approach) education were planned and carried out in the previous studies so that students who had no practical experience in any information system development might understand the essence of DOA. This paper proposes a new trial aiming at human training for further understanding of essence of DOA based on the current situation of DOA educational projects in the Chiba Institute of Technology.

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A new DOA educational project was designed and executed for the purpose of understanding the essence of DOA for the students who have no practical experience of information system development. This paper reports the execution results and makes a comment towards construction of an advanced educational program aiming at further understanding of essence of the DOA concept in a DOA educational project in the future.

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A new DOA educational project was designed for the purpose of understanding the essence of DOA for the students who have no practical experience of information system development. The importance of the CAI system which supports the study of the students increased accompanying with the design. The CAI system which had been used in the past was reconstructed in order to succeed in the new DOA educational project this time. This paper reports the results of reconstruction project and it is expected that the results serve to make a progress on the future projects for education of information systems.

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The introduction of Project Management by Japan Sewage Works Agency is not only a pioneering case at the Japanese government office but also the successful case of Reengineering. Since there was rapid increase of the volume of business along with the public investment of the local government, Japan Sewage Works Agency started to engage in Reengineering activity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of development of WBS and the application of WBS through the case of Project Management introduced by Japan Sewage Works Agency from 1996 to 2000. The JS Standard WBS forms the matrix in which the WBS constructed from the sewage treatment facilities as the deliverable of project, and the WBS necessary to complete them are combined. The point of intersection of the matrix becomes a work package. It is used to estimate the project cost.

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There has not been so much research on the comparison of decision-making processes between Chinese and Japanese in the project management field. This study has a purpose to clarify the commonality and the difference of decision-making processes in project management among Chinese, Chinese living in Japan and Japanese groups. We carried out this study by using a questionnaire, a connection test, and an interview. Many factors, such as personal factors (personality and leadership) and social factors (organizational, cross-cultural, and interpersonal), were analyzed to express the decision-making structure, and we found some distinctions, such as emphasis on ethics in Chinese, collectivism in Japanese, and retention of the two nationality features in Chinese living in Japan, as well as a common structure among the three groups. We also found that the factors of project success/failure had an effect on decision behaviors. The representative ISM structure of each nationality group (Chinese, Chinese living in Japan, and Japanese) was constructed using neural network models. We found out more common structures in project success than in project failure among the three groups. Moreover, we found that the Chinese group made much account of external factors, while the Japanese group considered internal factors important and the Chinese-in-Japan group had the both features mentioned above.

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The motion which commissions an overseas soft company development the cost reduction of a project and for the purpose of excellent engineer reservation (Offshore development) is becoming active. However, it is a fact that there are also still many project managers who there are risks, such as a difference in language and business practice, and are unwilling to utilize on Offshore resource positively. In this paper, in order to minimum-ize this risk and to advance a project efficiently, the liaison training process and team building model for utilizing the China Offshore resource for the success reverse side are proposed. Moreover, the point which should show the example of application in an actual AMS (application management service) project, consequently should be evaluated and taken into consideration is also reported collectively.

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Large companies tend to open new services using several ERP modules at the same time due to relationship with the legacy system. I will introduce some consideration points in the ERP big project based on my experience, how to implement in the upper project phase, how to integrate each ERP modules, and how to organize the project. Finally, I will generalize 3 themes.

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In preparing an exhibition booth in a short time, various kinds of technicians have to work in a narrow and close space. Experts, therefore, have to be assigned to autonomously negotiate and arrange his work to meet the complex working situation. A budget cut, however, is requested under the recent economic condition even for a gorgeous promotion-show. In this study, the authors propose a scheduling method for building up the exhibition booth based on the independency of operation space and concentration of technicians’ operation. Additionally, the applicability of this method is illustrated referring to some examples.

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As the business environment is changing swiftly, there are a growing number of small-scale projects with short-term delivery and high-quality requirements, as represented by e-Business application development projects. In rapid development projects with such special constraints, the individual productivity can significantly affect the productivity of the entire project. The project work includes not only the development but also the work related to project management. In the past several years, tools that support development itself have proliferated, but the same cannot be said of tools that support project management. There is a strong potential for increasing productivity by breaking through the current situation. This paper considers the application of a PM tool for small-scale projects along with the development of a lightweight PM tool that supports collaboration work.

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Due to increased M&A activities of corporations, there are more and more large-scale and short-timeframe system projects nowadays. Here I focus on modern project management, to discuss about 6 aspects of project management which was effective when I managed large-scale merger project. They are Human Resource Management, Communication Management, Risk Management, Procurement Management of PMBOK, Customer Satisfaction and Software management tool.

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It has been almost 40 years that the word “PROJECT” appeared in Japan. However, the interpretation has become vague year by year along with that the word has become used widely. One of reasons of vagueness might come from the misunderstanding made in early stage that Project means task force based engineering and construction, since the first book for project introduced in Japan was “Project Engineering of Process Plant ”covers only engineering and construction of, however, being a part of activities to achieve objectives and mission of the project. This speech aims at searching the interpretation of “PROJECT” along with its history as vertical axis, while objectives and mission would be horizontal axis.

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It is a challenging action to carry out project management in organization that has strong bureaucratic cultures because traditional decision making and the outline must be changed if company want to perform project management effectively. In this paper we will focus on several of the problems that might surface and provide solutions that have worked. The list of problems identified here is certainly not all-inclusive but can function as a good starting point. And we referred to PMMM and PMO for the guideline to improve project management.

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It is important to assign the project members according to the final objects of project. The object of this paper is to investigate the selecting system considering the mental stress of members.

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This paper studies on a conceptual data structure of the Project Management Information System (PMIS) which is a information system for supporting Project Management (PM). To start with it, Microsoft Project 2000 is recognized as a part of the PMIS, that is a subsystem, and its conceptual data structure is clarified in this study.

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