Journal of the Horological Institute of Japan

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1977 Volume 82 Pages Cover1-
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1977 Volume 82 Pages Cover2-
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_Cover2

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A Consideration of the Conventional Crystal Oscillator for ristwatch

Toshio IKEDA, Tetsuya IWAMOTO, Takahito SAITO

Article type: Article
1977 Volume 82 Pages 1-10
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_1

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This paper describes the results of study on the phase and amplitude characteristics of a feed back circuit embeded in the open loop loop circuit of a crystal oscillator. The open loop circuit of the crystal oscillator can be regarded as the voltage amplifier to supply repuired voltag at the gate of the CMOS inverter. Such a conventional C-MOS crystal oscillator has a low power efficiency and the relatively large power Consumption, because the timing of the excitint current pulse is 90° out of phase from the maximum amplitude of the resonant circuit voltage. In order to reduce such a large power consumption, it is proposed to supply the power in the form of a current pulse from the C - MOS inverter into the resonant circuit when its voltage is at the maximum.

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Electronically-set Analog Quartz Watch

Akira Kikuyama, Yukio Mizuno

Article type: Article
1977 Volume 82 Pages 11-21
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_11

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With rapid popularization of quartz watches, the market is now demanding more elegantly-designed, easy-to-use quartz watches equipped with more useful functions. To meet this, we have developed and released analog tyre Riquartz 510 which indicates hours-minutes only, featuring the use of push button system instead of stem/crowh, thus providing the simplicity in manipulations as digital types. This paper describes the lower power consumption realized dy ond minute step- movement, train wheels mechanism which prevents the displacement of hands possibly caused by shock and the electronic circuit relevant to the electronic hand-setting.

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Vibrational Analysis of Tuning Fork for Clock by Using the Speckle Pattern Method

H. Konno, T. Takoh

Article type: Article
1977 Volume 82 Pages 22-31
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_22

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In this report, results of the vibrational analysis in a bal-anced states and various unbalanced states for 300Hz and 120Hz tuning fork oscillators by using in-plane method by speckle pat-tern are given. Especially, the U-shaped part near the fixed part is analyzed. In a balanced state, the vibrational amplitude decreases as the point approaches to the fixed point, and the direction of the vibrations is almost perpendicular to the fork and is symmetric with respect to the fixed point. In unbalanced states, the direction of the vibrations near the fixed point turns to the direction along the fork. The amplitude is much larger thean that in a balanced state even near the fixed point and is independent of the distance from the fixed point.

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On a Measurement of Small Density Dillerence by the Glass Tube Vibrator

Osamu SENDA

Article type: Article
1977 Volume 82 Pages 32-47
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_32

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At the measurement of liquid density, it is generally an important problem how the error influenced by temperatures can be decreased. As one of the countermeasures to it, an instrument was devised to measure the density diffence of liquid samples by using two vibrators of glass tube. The operating principle is as follows; a standard liquid of density is poured into one of the vibrators and a sample is poured into another, each period of vibration is measured with am electric counter, then the difference of density between the standard liquid and the sample is got from that of the period of vibration. By putting two vibrators in the same bath stirring water and measuring their values at the same time. the error was adle to be less than that of the single vibrator. As the result the density difference of water samples was measured with better precision than l ppm, only by controlling the room temperature at 20℃±0.5℃.

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Optimization of Waveforms for Driving Matrix Liquid Crystal Display

Akira Tsuzuki

Article type: Article
1977 Volume 82 Pages 48-59
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_48

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It is Well known that the optical characteristics of a liquid crystal display cell almost depend on the root mean square value of applied voltage. Driving a matrix display cell, the larger effective voltage for selected segments(Von )and the smaller effective voltage for non- selected segments(Voff) are desirable to prevent cross talk. The ratio Von to Voff depends on the waveforms of voltage applied to row and column elctrodes, and has the upper limit corresponding to the optimum waveforms. This value is found and described relating to the number of row of matrix (n) : -Von/Voff=3 for n=2 and Von/Voff=√<n-m+√<m(n-m)(n-1)>>/<-n+√<m(n-m)(n-1)>> for n≧3 where m is an integer defined by the next formula. n^2-n+1-√<n^3-n+1>/2n≦m≦n^2+n-1-√<n^3-n+1>/2n

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Studies on the treatment of carbid formation dy thermal diffusion process.

Hiroshi Hashimoto, Kiyomitu Suga

Article type: Article
1977 Volume 82 Pages 60-75
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_60

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The treatment of carbides formation, Tic, Vc, on the surface of carbon steel is investigated by heating embeded carbon steel with a powdered mixture of Fe-V, Ti, Cr and NH_4 Cl as a catalyzer in Ar atmosphere. Main results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) It is more effective using oxidation-reduction reaction between survived elements and Cr_2O_3 as a method of adding Cr to the diffusion powder. (2) We identified uniform Tic, Vc layers by X-ray diffraction. The quality such as hardness, surface condition seems to be equal to the conventional process.(CVD, TD- Process). This process enables to treating a lot of small parts by the method with diffusion powder of porous pellet or riper powder under no envilonmental pollution and low cost, and is recognized some merits in comparison with the conventional process. (3) The concentration of Cr in Tic or Vc are about 1〜2%, and 15%, respectively, and condensed Cr area on the surface of carbide layer is observed by X.M.A., further, condensed Cr area and a formation of diffusion interlayers(20-30u) are also observed, which makes reinforcement of adhesiveness of the two layers (carbide layer and base material). (4) The thickness of carbide layer is increased in proportion to adding Cr quantity to diffusion powder and increasing treatment temperature, and also a square root of treatment time(duration). In addition, the activation energy Q changes in accordance with the composition of diffusion powder, Q=41-49 Kcal/mol to Sk-5 can be obtained .

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AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY ADJUSTING SYSTEM FOR QUARTZ CRISTAL OSCILLATOR

T. Miyata

Article type: Article
1977 Volume 82 Pages 76-84
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_76

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Tuning fork quartz crystal oscillators of bending type are given to the adjusting process through contour machining. The procedure is divided into two, i. e. the rough adjustment made by the sand blasting and the final adjustment. Oscillators are made trimming as it is in the continuous frame. This system is fully automated and consists of the material feeding unit, the measuring unit, the machining unit directly connected with the sand blast unit and the control unit. The system is running all night and day arld the out put of it is approx. 2O sec/Pc.

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On the Characteristics of Quartz- Crystal Oscillators of CMOS- IC for Watches

Shinji MOROZUMI

Article type: Article
1977 Volume 82 Pages 85-97
Published: September 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20805/tokeieafj.82.0_85

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This paper relates to the characteristics of quartz-crystal oscillators using CMOS inverter involved in CMOS-IC for watches. It is proved by the experiment and numerical analysis that the characteristics of such oscillators on the starting voltage, power consumption, frequency stability, and frequency adjustability are almost satisfactory for watch oscillators at present, in spite of the relatively high crystal impedance of the photo-lithographic micro quartz vibrator used in the oscillator circuit. However, the most suitable design on transistor size, load capacitance, drain resistarce etc. is still necessary for the further improvement of such characteristics. It is shown here also that the numerical analysis is effective at the first step to the most suitable desige.

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