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Volume 101, Issue 9
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Biologically Active Sterols : Stereochemistry of Sterol Side Chain and Their Biological SignificanceNOBUO IKEKAWA1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 753-773
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the past decade, the nutrization, metabolism and function of natural sterols in animals have become an intensely investigated area of physiology and biochemistry, and direct studies toward the physiological, biochemical and chemical aspects of this problem have greatly expanded our knowledge of this area. In this review, sterol metabolism in insects, ecdysone biosynthesis, synthesis and biological activities of vitamin D3 metabolites (23, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcidiol lactone), stereoselective introduction of hydroxy group in the sterol side chain, synthesis of brassinolide, which have been investigated in the author's laboratory, are described, and the conformation of sterol side chain is also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1436K) -
MASAYUKI NAKAGAKI, TETSUROU HANDA, CHIKAKO SEHARA1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 774-779
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interactions between lipid membranes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and a polypeptide antibiotic, gramicidin S (GS), were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With increasing the GS composition, new membrane phases, which exhibited phase transitions at lower temperature than that of the pure lipid membranes, were formed. On the basis of the phase rule, these new membrane phases were considered to be lattice complexes of GS and lipids. By NMR measurement, the molecular motion of DPPC associated with GS was found to be considerably elevated. The interactions between GS and membranes composed of mixed lipids, DPPC and DPPE, were also studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (683K) -
Influence of Phenomenological Coefficients on Reverse Permeation and Overshooting Phenomenon of IonsSHUJI KITAGAWA, MASAYUKI NAKAGAKI1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 780-790
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a mixed electrolyte solution, an ion can display characteristic transport phenomenon such as reverse permeation and overshooting under certain conditions, as we have already revealed. Analysis of phenomenological coefficients of the system is useful, in order to understand the role of the physico-chemical factors concerned in these phenomena. (Phenomenological coefficients in this report are defined against ionic concentration gradients.) In this study we tried to reveal the relationship between the physicochemical factors, such as mobilities, valances and concentrations of all the constituent ions, and the easiness of the occurrence of reverse permeation and overshooting by analyzing phenomenological coefficients, where permeability of cation in the ternary system containing two cations and one anion was investigated. As the result, it was revealed that the mobility value of the objective ion has no effect on the conditions of the occurrence of reverse permeation in the multi-component system as well as the ternary system. It has been also revealed that reverse permeation and overshooting occur easily when the difference in the mobilities of the coexisting ions was large, and if the difference was extremely large, the limiting value of reverse permeation expressed as the concentration gradient ratio of two cations took a certain value determined by the concentration ratio and the valancy ratio only.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
YOSHIAKI FURUYA, YOSHIO KOSUGI, KAZUO ITOHO, HIROMI OZAKI, MASATO HIRA ...1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 791-797
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom several ultraviolet (UV) absorption curves of mixed solutions containing more than two components, two molecular extinction coefficients at a certain wave length were calculated by the least-squares method. When this procedure was repeated at appropriate intervals over all UV range, an absorption curve of the desired component was obtained. The accuracy of this method was checked by using some mixed solutions of cinnamic acid and benzoic acid, benzylideneacetone and benzoylacetone, Furthermore, the procedure was applied to the quaternization reaction of methyl p-nitrobenzoate with trimethylamine in methanolic solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (602K) -
SHIGETOSHI MIYAMOTO, MASAKI HAYASHI, KENICHI NARITA, TAKAO SAEKI, MASA ...1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 798-802
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new dipeptide, Nα-(4-aminobutyryl)-L-cystathionine (10), has been identified in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid by Perry et al. (1977). The compound (10) and analogous compounds, (R)-Nα-(4-amino-3-hydroxybutyryl)-L-cystathionine (11), (S)-Nα-(4-amino-3-hydroxybutyryl)-L-cystathionine (12) and (S)-Nα-(4-amino-4-carboxybutyryl)-L-cystathionine (13), were prepared in the overall yields of 66.1%, 21.7%, 18.5% and 23.2% respectively, from Nα'-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-cystathionine (1) by mixed anhydride method. When compound (10) (30 mg) was injected into lateral ventricle of cats, spike discharge appeared in thalamus, globus pallidus, amygdala, substantia nigra and motor cortex after ten or more minutes and was observed repeatedly for some hours.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
TETSUJI KAMETANI, TOSHIO HONDA, HIDEAKI SATO, MITSU SUZUKI, SUMIKO NOJ ...1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 803-805
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBetamethasone-17-valerate (I) was treated with acidic or alkaline solution to investigate its stability in the pharmaceutical preparation. 9α-Fluoro-11β, 17α-dihydroxy-16β-methyl-21-valeroxypregna-1, 4-diene-3, 20-dione (II), a rearrangement product of I, was isolated when I was warmed at 40°C in alkaline medium. Compound II and 9α-fluoro-11β, 17α, 21-trihydroxy-16β-methylpregna-1, 4-diene-3, 20-dione (III), a degradation product of I, were obtained on heating at 100°C. The structure determination of these products was also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
KAZUHIRO KOBAYASHI, NORIICHI ODA, ISOO ITO1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 806-813
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the initial study of variations of skeletons of antitumor antibiotics, simple synthesis of naphtho [2, 3-g] quinolines (IIIa, b, VIII) and naphtho [2, 3-g] quinoxalines (XIIIa, b), which are novel heterocyclic ring systems, was carried out by Diels-Alder reaction of 1, 2-dimethylenecyclohexane with quinoline-5, 8-diones (Ia-c) or quinoxaline-5, 8-diones (IIa, b). Air oxidation of these Diels-Alder adducts gave tetrahydro naphtho [2, 3-g] quinolines (IVa, b, IX) and tetrahydronaphtho [2, 3-g] quinoxalines (XVa, b). The Diels-Alder adducts and aromatized compounds were converted into the corresponding diacetoxynaphtho [2, 3-g] quinolines (VI, VII, X) and diacetoxynaphtho [2, 3-g] quinoxalines (XVII, XVIII).View full abstractDownload PDF (788K) -
HIDETO MATSUDA, SETSUZO TEJIMA1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 814-821
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data of 16 kinds of free and substituted 1, 6-anhydro-β-derivatives of reducing disaccharides and trisaccharides in D2O or pyridine-d5 were presented, and their applications to structural analysis were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
KENZO OKADA, JUN TANAKA, AKIRA MIYASHITA, KATSUE IMOTO1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 822-828
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlycyrrhizin in licorice root and its extract was determined by HLC with a reverse phase column. Glycyrrhizin was separated for about 10 min under the following operating conditions : column, μ-Bondapak C-18 ; mobile phase, 2% acetic acid-acetonitrile (20 : 11) ; internal standard, butyl p-hydroxybenzoate / temperature, room temperature. By comparing with thin layer chromatography, colorimetric method and gas chromatography, this HLC method was found to be excellent one in its simplicity, rapidity and accuracy. Commercially available white monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, monopotassium glycyrrhizinate, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate and glycyrrhizic acid were determined to be as low as 60-75% (as glycyrrhizic acid content) by using monoammonium glycyrrhizinate separated by HLC as a standard sample.View full abstractDownload PDF (597K) -
YORINOBU YONEZAWA, AKINOBU OTSUKA1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 829-835
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe solubilization of griseofulvin, dimethyl yellow, sudan III and yellow-OB by glycyrrhizin (GA) was investigated by the solubility method. With an increase in GA concentration, the solubility of these substances increased gradually in the range of low concentration of GA and remarkably above a certain concentration (i.e., cmc). The effects of pH, ionic strength and temperature on the solubility of yellow-OB were studied in detail. The cmc values obtained by the solubility method were in good agreement with those determined by various methods previously reported. The change in cmc with pH and pX (logarithm of the reciprocal of counter ion concentration) was represented by : log cmc=C+αpH+βpX where α and β were the slope of log cmc vs. pH plots and log cmc vs. pX plots respectively. By the use of α and β, the effects of pH and pX on cmc were discussed. The cmc value increased with increasing temperature at a given pH and pX. The solubilizing power of GA for yellow-OB (the slope of linear portion of solubilization curve) was enhanced with decreasing pH, increasing ionic strength and elevating temperature. The micellar solubilization was discussed thermodynamically on the basis of the pseudo two-phase model.View full abstractDownload PDF (624K) -
TAKAO SAEKI, YOSHIHIRO KATAGIRI, SADAO NAGASAKO, KENICHI NARITA, MASAK ...1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 836-842
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHigh-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of ascorbic acid (AsA) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in intravenous fluids was developed and applied to observe the stability and interactions in clinically prepared intravenous fluids. This method provided a simple and rapid technique for the determination of AsA and FAD in intravenous admixtures. A significant decomposition with respect to AsA in multiple electrolyte solution was noted, while no significant decomposition of AsA and FAD in intravenous hyperalimentation fluids was noted for a 6 hour period of the study. Non-stabilizer containing such solution as SOLITA-T3 tends to accelerate AsA decomposition. The change in such environmental factors as stabilizer, pH, dissolved oxgen, glucose content, catalyzer and light could leads to these different results.View full abstractDownload PDF (766K) -
YASUSHI TAKAGISHI, KENZO IWAMOTO, MITSUKO NAGATA, HIROSHI KATO1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 843-847
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of cephalexin in the human serum and urine has been developed. As internal standard, cephaloglycin and o-acetoanisidide are added to the serum and urine specimens, respectively. The serum specimens are deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid and the excess of trichloroacetic acid is removed by extraction with ether. After these pretreatments, cephalexin in the biological fluid is separated with Unisil 10 C 18 column and detected by UV-detector. It is confirmed that the serum and urine concentrations of cephalexin determined by this method agree well with those by bioassay. This method may be used more available for a clinical pharmacokinetic study and a bioavailability study of cephalexin.View full abstractDownload PDF (459K) -
KOSUKE OHKI, MICHIYO KUMASAKA, YOSHIYUKI KONDO, TOSHIHIRO FUJII1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 848-851
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn regard to the interaction between myosin and tubulin, it has become apparent that ATP reduced the binding amount of tubulin to myosin when myosin was preincubated with ATP as reported by Hayashi et al. The effect of this decrease on both the turbidity change of actomyosin by ATP and actin-activated myosin Mg-ATP ase activity was investigated by the addition of ATP ; These inhibitions caused by tubulin were smaller in the case of preincubation of myosin with ATP than that with tubulin. Tubulin inhibited the actin-activated myosin Mg-ATP ase activity when myosin, actin, and ATP were mixed after the incubation. Actin provided a better protection than ATP against the inhibition by tubulin. The addition of actin and ATP after myosin was bound to tubulin resulted in no change in either inhibition level. These results suggest that ATP has an important role in the interaction between myosin and tubulin.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
YOSHITERU TSUCHIYA, ATSUHIKO MATSUMOTO, TOSHIHIKO OKAMOTO1981 Volume 101 Issue 9 Pages 852-856
Published: September 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMaterials possessing earthy-musty odor produced by blue-green algae were isolated from water samples from river, pond, moat and lake around Tokyo. Each of blue-green algae was cultured in a modified Fitzgerald liquid medium at 25°C under 1000 lux for one to seven weeks. Volatile metabolites produced by these algae were identified by means of GC-MS. 2-Methylisoborneol was produced by Oscillatoria geminata and geosmin by Oscillatoria amoena, Oscollatoria splendida and Aphanizomenon sp. The result suggested that Streptomyces generally produced both odorous compounds while blue-green algae produced either 2-methylisoborneol or geosmin. n-Heptadecane was also detected in the culture mediumn of all blue-green algae. Other volatile metabolites identified were as follows ; n-pentadecane, 1-heptadecene, 7-methylheptadecane, germacrene-D, γ-cadenene, sesquiterpene alcohol and phytol.View full abstractDownload PDF (550K)
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