The following results were obtained from the surveys of Shigella strains, isolated in 1967 from clinical sources at geographycally scattered hospitals in Japan. 1) Among 1, 583 strains examined, 91. 8% wereIfound to be drug-resistant and 75. 9% were antibiotic resistant. Among 1, 454 drug-resi stant strains, 1, 122(77%) were resistant to all of the 4 drugs chloramphenicol (CP), tetracycline (TC), streptomycin (SM) and sulfanilamide (SA). 2) Fourteen (0. 9 %) and 22 (1. 4 %) strains resistant to aminobenzyl-penicillin (AB-PC) and nalidixic acid (NA), respectively, were isolated in this survey. All of the 22 NA-resistant strains were isolated from Sh. sonnei, whereas 8 among 14 AB-PC-resistant strainslwere from Sh. sonnei and the remaining 6 strains were isolated from Sh. flexneri. Yearly increase in isolation frequency of AB-PC or NA-resistant strains is not significant. 3) A strain of Sh. flexneri 2 b, resistant to kanamycin (KM), fradiomycin(FRM) and paromomycin (PRM), was isolated, whereas the strain resistant to any of these drugs, had not been isolated in the surveys conducted in both3, 1965a nd 1966. 4) The strain resistant to colistin, gentamicin, furatoridin of furazolidon was no t isolated so far.

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An in vitro antibacterial activity of Cathomycin, a preparation of novobiocin, had been compared with that of erythromycin.
Almost no antibacterial activity of the antibiotics was observed on Salmonella and Escherichiac oil, whereas the activity on Vibrio and Proteus were higher than that of erythromycin, and that on Shigella was the same degree as that of erythromycin.
Recently, since macrolide antibio tics might have been applied for the treatment of dysentry cases, we investigated the in vitro antibacterial activity of Cathomycin on Shigella. The results indicated that Cathomycin had exhibited an antibacterial activity near to that of erythromycin on Shigella. Hence, the antibiotics was possibly applied to the treatment of the infection due to Shigella resistant to antibiotics.
Although Cathomycin had shown moderate degree of antibacterial activity on Proteus, which have had natural resitancy to various chemotherapeutics, its therapeutical effects on Proteus infections might be expected according to usage, because it was more sensitive than erythromycin on Proteus mirabilis.
Because Cathomycin also had demonstrated clearly higher activity than that of erythrom ycin on Vibrio El-Tor and V. parahaemolytics, it would be suggested that the antibiotic might be fairly effective in the treatment of infection ascribed to these Vibrios.
On the other hand, Cathomycin showed an almost similar antibacterial activity to that of erythromycin on Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus, and exhibited the activity enough to inhibit their growth As for the antibacterial effects on Diplococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes, however, Cathomycin was inferior to erythromycin. Besides, no antibacterial activity of Cathomycin was found on Clostridum perfringens, but the activity was significantly effective on Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

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Long acting sulfonamide, sulfisomezole, was given orally to normals and diabetics without renal and hepatic disturbances, to compare the absorption, metabolism and excretion of the drug.
Results are described as below:
1. After 2. 0 g single dose, the half time of the drug in blood of normals were 10. 3 ±0. 41 hours. However, that of diabetics always prolonged. (Mean value was 15. 7 ±1. 0 hours) And after treatment of diabetes mellitus, the half life time of the drug was shortened to nearly normal value (13. 6±1. 8 hours).
2. No significant variations were observed in the study of N⁴-acetylation percentage between normals and diabetics.
3. In d iabetics, 24 hours after a single dose, the recoveries of the drug from urine were 45% lower than in the normals. The decreasing of the recovery was found especially on free form stih. fisomezole.
4. Recoveries on N⁴-acetyl-sulfisomezole, main metabolite of the drug, given orally were remat-: kably lower in diabetics than in normals. From these findings, KRÜGER- THIEMER'sp harmoco-kinetic equation applied to normals might be. inadaptable to not only the patients with renal disease but also diabetics.

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It has been reported that suppurative osteomyelitis in the new-born is very rare disease and the author published One case of this disease which developed in the humerus and the source of infection. was carbuncle.
Early incision combined with corresponding antibiotic drugs leads good prognosis, and sequestration is uncommon because of unique anatomical conditions of neonatal long bone.
The most important complications are septikemia and suppurative arthr itis; ' the former can be controled by means of antibiotics and the latter needs early incision. If the arthritis once occurs, severe deformity with destruction will be resulted.

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