As the method of evaluating absolutely the triboelectric charging ability of toner with any measurement device, there is the zero-point-charge method which defines the triboelectricity of the toner as the position of carrier having the same charging ability of the toner in a reference triboelectric series of carriers. In this study, we have examined the conditions of the zero-point-charge method by using the standardized carriers of the Imaging Society of Japan, setting a reference toner to be the origin of the triboelectric series, defining the coordinate value of each carrier in the triboelectric series, and determining the reference triboelectric charging line of the reference toner. As a result, when the measurement charging characteristic of the reference toner with each device is represented with a line by linear approximation and the measurement values with each device are linearly converted in such a way that the line match to the reference line, the zero-point-charge position of the reference toner becomes the origin at any measurement device and the zero-point-charge position of each toner approaches a common value. Therefore, the triboelectricities of various toners are absolutely determined by the zero-point-charge method when the relationships between the charging characteristic of reference toner and of various toners are linear or approximately linear and the measurement values of each device are normalized by linear transformation.

“Innovative SHITSUKAN Science and Technology” is the ongoing project supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (2015-2019). It is aiming at revealing the computational principle and neural mechanisms of human recognition of a wide range of SHITSUKAN in the real world, and at developing innovative technologies and applicable engineering scheme, through tight cooperation among information engineering, psychophysics and neuroscience. In the first half of this article, I define the type of SHITSUKAN challenged in this project, and then overview the structure and current activities of the project. In the latter half, as examples of project accomplishment, I review recent studies by our team about human SHITSUKAN perceptions and media technologies, and then conclude with a future research plan.

In our daily life, we easily recognize the material composition of an object, and experience a variety of feelings/impressions about its material properties and qualities (‘Shitsukan'). In recent years, neuroscience researche has delved into how the brain extracts visual features that are diagnostic of material composition from a complicated real-world image, such as those representing reflection characteristics and micro/meso-scale three-dimensional structure (texture) of the surface, and how such features are integrated and utilized for recognizing the material category and the shitsukan. In addition, there is now a growing interest in the multimodal nature of the shitsukan, and its neural basis. This review aims to outline the recent progress in the field of neuroscience about these new issues, in particular, the representation and transformation of the visual features to the shitsukan through a hierarchical/parallel network in the visual cortex.

We can estimate the material and quality of objects (Shitsukan) by vision, but the visual mechanism responsible for the Shitsukan perception is still unclear. It is difficult to clarify the Shitsukan mechanism because there is a wide variety of Shitsukan, and higher-order visual processing units involve the Shitsukan perception. The present review introduces how we perceive and control freshness and skin-age of visual objects in images. In addition, since use of fluorescent materials has increased in our daily lives, the optical appearance of fluorescent objects is analyzed. Then, we introduce an image reproduction approaches of the fluorescent feeling.

The projection technique that realizes projection mapping used in many events has been studied for a long time as a projection display in the field of spatial augmented reality. As this projection display technique, we proposed two techniques;one manipulats the appearance of the real worlds and other displays viewpoint dependent appearance using a light field projection. In this paper, we introduce our successive manipulation technique of translucency and glossiness based on cognitive science with a co-axial projector-camera system. In addition, we introduce the material perception projection technology we have worked on, such as a structural color display using projector arrays and material perception editing using multiple projector-camera systems.

Shitsukan is the word for referring various properties of material by which our human beings feel and understand characteristics of substance objects and its surfaces. If we are gazing a cultural asset in a museum, we will be fascinated through those Shitsukan-like information. In recent years, printing and CGI (computer generated image) technologies are achieving huge progress. And, many attempts and works have been done by using technologies which enables us to treat Shistukan. CANON INC is moving forward from old RGB color world into rich Shitsukan world, little by little. In this article, we report our two kind of works, Shitsukan technology supporting cultural property conservation and business product (surface reflectance analyzer RA-532H) which enables us to measure Shistkan properties, easily.

In the fields of cosmetics and dermatology, the analysis of skin through computer renderings of skin with the physical properties of skin is an important technology. However, there are two major issues to visualize using an elaborate model that express the physical properties :

One of them is, if it can model changes, in nanometer-order surface roughness and optical properties of skin such as horny cell layers, and in macro-order surface roughness and optical properties of skin such as texture or pore or face, we have to combine two different optical models. Another issue is that the cost for computing the subsurface scattering to visualize the skin becomes enormous. This report describes a multi-scale optical simulation configured to resolve these issues and introduces how we have successfully visualized the appearance of glossy skin with our simulation system.

In Fuji Xerox, we have been developing “Visual Scene and Material Appearance Control Technology” for efficient imaging workflows or business processes, which enables intuitive image editing for creative customers. In this paper, we illustrate our convenient and user-friendly technique that enables specified image area editing with easy operations, and explain our research and development framework that consists of four fundamental key technologies (classified into “segmentation”, “synthesis”, “reproduction”, and “analysis”). Finally, we describe our future work of our technology and future prospect of the color image processing technology of Fuji Xerox.

Printing goods account for around 10% in the share among textile processings. Cotton is the major media for analog printing, whereas polyester is major for all textiles and grows significantly for printing as well. Digital penetration rate in all printings will increase at 7.6% in 2019. Digitalization has progressed well of the slow speed printer on machine numbers and of high speed printer on total production output. Rotary and flatbed printers are majority of 93% among analog ones. Each speed of printer per an operator is estimated as 100m/hr and 500m/hr, for flatbed and rotary printers, respectively under consideration of the down time. Digital printers are assumed to meet these figures.

Analog printing mills possess a lot of know-hows in both colorants and color paste compositions. Market welcomes digital printers along with the open ink system. Pre-treatment works as a part of color pastes of analog printing. Post-treatment does as fixing colorants on fibers, where the conditions should be controlled more precisely rather than analog printing. The preparation is the most important process to remove impurities because of all of the basics. In order to develop practical inks, it is required of less temperature dependence on physical properties and of straight jetting without satellites at long working distance so as to keep away from head attacks.

It is a trend to harmonize with environmental issues. The first step is to replace the printing methods from analog to digital. Colorants are applied of not to use water at the post-treatment as the second step. Pigment inks for cotton will be powered by developing an inline pre-treatment or ink heads worked under high viscosity. Sublimation inks for polyester should step forward further and further.