Scandinavian design is ahead of the design of the world. I think that the feature of the Scandinavian designs is warmth, functional beauty, organic, simplicity, and humor. And, the concept of indirect lighting was invented in Scandinavia.In this report, the peculiar Scandinavian lighting environment hatched by geographic condition and the weather condition was discussed. In addition, the life style, urban lightscape, foods, architectural history and various cultures in Scandinavia are introduced. As mention above, the urban Lightscape in Scandinavian countries was a good lighting environment that harmonized with a natural environment.

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These pictures mostly show lights used in North European cities (except two shots taken in Paris). Bird's-eye views reveal that in these cities, warm colors are often used for road lighting, which represents the base for urban lighting. A closer look at the cities reveals that at intersections in the main commercial area, lights are installed on building walls to illuminate signboards. These lights are not designed for excessively showy effects. This paper also introduces the catenary lighting method, as well as the lighting of historical monuments and landmarks.

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Like Japan, Scandinavia has the four seasons. But the contrast between summer and winter is very clear in Scandinavia. It is highly interesting to study the lifestyle of Scandinavian people, who live under severe natural conditions. This paper discusses Scandinavia's original light environment, which has been formed under particular geological and weather conditions. This discussion is based partly on the author's life in Sweden as a student. The discussion reveals the values, the approach to lighting and the design concept of Scandinavian people.

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In a peculiar, natural phenomenon in Scandinavia, there is "Midnight Sun" in summer and "Polar Night" in winter. That is, the midnight sun is a natural phenomenon occurring in Scandinavia where the sun is continuously visible for at least 24 hours. On the other hand, a polar night is a natural phenomenon that the night continues lasting long for 24 hours or more. Therefore, as for Scandinavians' life, time to live in the house increases, and the lighting is a factor of comfortable life. In this report, the life style and lighting in Scandinavia are introduced. First of all, I think that the feature of the lighting is arrangement of lights. And, the height of the luminaire is put at lower level than the same level as the eye level or it. Such an illumination technique lowers the center of gravity of light. That is, it is same principle as the sunlight which shines from a low altitude. It felt that this comfortable lighting environment was a fated conclusion which the Scandinavian climatic condition had produced.

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Recently,"Scandinavian Designs" becomes popular in the field of the interior design and the life miscellaneous goods. Therefore, in our country, the interior design shop which treats various "Scandinavian Designs" is increasing. I think that the color significant feature in "Scandinavian Designs" is "pop color" that chroma is high and vivid, and "natural color" with the material. These opposite extreme colors were characterized as "Color culture" of Scandinavia. And, effects of color culture were considered from history and environment side in various Scandinavian countries. In addition, color culture of Scandinavia and a peculiar tradition color culture to Japan were compared. As a result, we learn "Wise of the living of the Scandinavia style".

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The history of lighting in Sweden from pre-modern time to the nineteen-thirties spans from the torch to the electric light. Geographically it was Swedish architects and engeneers who played a signigicantly important role in the task of improving lighting. This is particularly true when one considers lighting in the home and in shop signs. The purpose of this paper has three main points. First is to describe a short history of lighting equipment and techniques. The breakthrough of the electric light in the late nineteenth century was regarded as a symbol of Modernization. It has changed the meaning and role of night life. The use of neon signs during the nineteen-twenties was discussed as to whether this lighting would add to the urban landscape or whether it distroyed the milieu. Second this paper focuses on the relationship between how Functionalism and lighting were combined in Swedish architecture, and how functionalists and philanthropists tried to enlighten the working class during the modern era. Two functionalist housing exhibitions are examined to describe how natural and artificial light were used politically to spread a concept of Modern life in Sweden. Thirdly this paper describes streetlighting in the urban context. Through careful combination of streetlights and building design architects attempted to harmonize the ubrban landscape. The significance of townplanners analysis and interpretation of this in the urban context is discussed. Two examples from Uppsala are presented in this paper.

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