The purpose of this study is to report the use of the Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in the clinical evaluation fo the degree of anxiety and depression in manic-depressive psychoses and in normals as control.In this investigation, 74 manic-depressive patients and 130 normal subjects were evaluated, and the following results were obtained.1.For the normal group, the mean of the MAS score was 17.40 (SD 8.18). According to the five-type classification of MAS score, of the 130 subjects, 14 (10.8%) were rated as Type I, 19 (14.6%) as Type II, 47 (36.1%) as Type III, 26 (20.0%) as Type IV and 24 (18.5%) as Type V.As for the BDI score with these normal subjects, the mean of its score was 7.95 (SD 6.19). According to the three-type classification of BDI socre, of the 130 subjects, 105 (80.8%) were rated as 'manimally or non-depressed', 23 (17.7%) as, midly to moderately depressed, and 2 (1.5%) as 'highly depressed'.These MAS and BDI scores, when viewed together in their interrelation, indicate that' while few of the low anxiety group show 'depressive state', many of the high anxiety group show 'high depressive state'.2. For the patient group, the mean of the MAS score was 29.83 (SD 7.32) in high depressibe state, 24.69 (SD 8.14) in preremission and 15.95 (SD 8.32) in remission.In this score of MAS, the number of those rated as high anxiety group (Types I and II) was 29 (93.6%) out of the 31 in high depressive state, 16 (69.6%) out of the 23 in preremissio and 6 (30.0%) out of the 20 in remission.The mean of the BDI score with these patient group was 26.54 (SD 6.67) in high depressive state, 15.13 (SD 6.36) in preremission and 4.15 (SD 3.52) in remission.In this way, the MAS and the BDI scores evidently have a close connection with each other, and they indicate that, as the state passes from 'high depressive' to 'preremission'm that is, as depression goes on the abate, the number of those in high anxiety decreases and that of those in low anxiety increases.

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This study was aimed at making a clinical application of Microvibration (MV) by clarifing the relation of MV to psychogenic factors.MV pick-ups were placed on the left thenar (TMV) and left eye lid (LMV) of the subjects. Both MVs were continuously recorded after the subject lay on his back on the bed. In the initial stage, both MV patterns showed preponderance of high frequency component, which was gradually replaced by low frequency ballistocardiographic component in accordance with the systole of the cardiac cycle.The time lapse between the induction of MV and the appearance of stable pattern on the low frequency component was called "Initial tiem for stable pattern (ITS)". In 20 normal controls, the average ITSs of TMV was 24±6 sec, and that of LMV was 77±10 sec, and the difference between these ITS was statistically significant at 1% level. These results suggested that LMV was much related to psychogenic factors.The author speculated that the time lag between LMV and TMV might minimize the temporary influence of psychogenic factors such as fear and tension which tended to occur at the time preparations for recording.Time lags between ITSs of both MVs (LMV-TMV) were evaluated in three groups which consisted of 18 normal controls, 10 non-psychosomatic and 23 psychosomatic patients. The average values of time lag of ITSs (LMV-TMV) for three groups were 53±8 sec, 91±18 sec, 170±35 sec repectively, and the difference between the groups with psychosomatic disorders and other two groups was statistically significant at 5% level. These results suggested that (LMV-TMV) interval was concerned with basic psychic tension and irritability of the subject.Furthermore, the author studied the relationship of (LMV-TMV) intervals to the results of personality tests by using Cornell Medical Index and Yatabe-Guilford personality test. As to CMI, LMV-TMV intervals for I, II-type were 50±6 sec and those for III, IV-type were 161±21sec. (P<0.01). The percentage of those who showed the time lags of ITS between LMV and TMV more than 90 sec was 0% in I-type, 17% in II-type, 64% in III-type and 93% in IV-type.These results suggested that the more neurotic were the patients according to CMI, the longer were LMV-TMV intervals.In regard to YG test, no spcific correlation was found.

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1) The correlatinos between mental states, psychological tests, respiratory curves, systolic blood pressures and pulse rates of 44 neurotic and psychosomatic patients were analyzed.2) The classifications of the mental states consisted of 16 anxiety staetes, 6 hysterical states, 11 hypochondriacal stats and 11 depressive states.3) As psychological tests, CMI and Y-G test were applied. When the mental states and the psychological tests were compared, there were marked introvertive and inhibitory tendencies in the depressive state, while the extrovertive tendencies were high in anxiety and hysterical states.4) When the mental states and the respiratory patterns were compared, the respirator rates were slowest and the respiratory amplitude showed least irregularity in depressive state, both showing stable patterns. On the other hand, the respiratory rates were faster and the irregularity of the respiratory amplitude was considerably larger in anxiety, hypochondriacal and hysterical states, both showing unstable patterns.5) When the correlatinos among mental states, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate were compared, the abnormal patterns were more frequent in the depressive state, while the normal patterns were more frequent in anxiety, hypochondriacal and hysterical states.6) Arranging the above mentioned results from the standpoint of cybernetics, it was found that in depressive state, the psychological properties were of introvertive character and the psysiological properties were abnormal regarding the innert feedback system (correlation between blood pressure and pulse rate). On the contrary, in anxiety, hypochondriacal and hysterical states, the psychological properties were of extrovertive character and the psysiological properties were abnormal regarding the external feedback system (abnormal respiratory patterns). From the standpoint of cybernetics, it can be concluded that the correlation between the psychological and physiological properties has been obtained.7) Our experimental results showed the usefulness of cybernetics as a logical theory in the diagnosis and treatment of psychosomatic diseases.

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A total of 76 subjects were used in this study, including 9 with psychophysiological respiratory reaction, 17 with anxiety neurosis, 18 with psychophysiological musculoskeletal reaction, 5 with psychophysiological gastrointestinal reaction, 9 hypochondriacs and 18 normal subjects. Polygraphic investigation was made of these subjects under 4 different circumstances : rest state, adrenaline loading, mecholyl chloride loading and psychological stress. Determinations were simultaneously made of the following index parameters : GSR, digital plethysmogram, cardiotachogram, respiration, pulse, EMG, peripheral skin temperature and systolic blood pressure.By this menas, we conducted a physiological study, in somatic terms of what features were pressented by neuroses and psychosomatic diseases which had so far been classified on a phenomenological or symptomatological basis. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) Polygraphic findings at rest showed that there was no difference between diseased and normal subjects.2) No defference existed between these 2 groups as to the response to adrenaline or mecholyl chloride loadin test as assessed accordings to the conventional criteria. With new criteria employed in conjunctino with a greater number of index parameters, however, it was found that these existed certain specific indices in which each group of diseased subjects was more liable to respond. Subjects with psychophysiological respiratory reaction or anxiety neurosis were most responsive with respect to such parameters as pulse, respiration, peripheral skin temperature or GSR. Good responsiveness as related to GSR was also noted in normal subjects. In psychophysiological gastrointestinal reaction, by contrast, there was a marked response in respiratory rate but less in GSR ; psychophysiological musculoskeletal reaction was associated with prominent responsiveness in terms of EMG but less liability to vary of some other parameters including respiration and peripheral skin temperature. Hypochondriacs were featured by scarce response in almost all index parameters. 3) The respnse to loading test was found specific not only in quantitative terms as discussed in 1) but with respect to its direction. There were some polygraphic indices in which the same pharmacologic action of the drugs on the autonomic nervous system gave rise to responses opposite to one another among normal subjects or hypochondriacs and subjects with psychophysiological respiratory reaction, anxiety neurosis or psychophysiological gastrointestinal reaction. In some cases an identical response was elicited by the 2 drugs, which acted in different directions pharmacologically.4) It was shown that diseased subjects, especially those with psychophysiological respiratory reaction, anxiety neurosis or psychophysiological musculoskeletal reaction, responded in more distinctly specific manner to psychologicla stress given by imagining an anxiety-inducing scene. A further attempt was made to investigate the physiological differences that were found to exist between responses to images and those to drugs.5) From the results discussed above it was concluded that symptomatic preference for specific organs involved the specificity of autonomic nerve responses in each disease group and the vulnerability of homeostatic mechanism in such organs. The possibility that each type of psychosomatic disease defined according to the site of symptomatic manifestation has its own peculiar physiological ground was also suggeted.

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This is a case report of hyperventilation syndrome. The patient's life history revealed that he had some problems between himelf and mother, and that his illness was precipitated by traffic accidents.First degree A-V block occurred during a hyperventilative attack.We confirmed the occurrence of similar electrocardiographic patterns associated with hyperventilative attack by conducting stress interview.Some discussions were made in reference to our experiment with this patient.

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The patients was a 22 year-old male student who had nausea and vomitting a week before he was supposed to take an employment test. At that time, he had clinical examinations at a hospital, where he was found to be normal. However, as the same symptoms appeared again he visited our hospital in June, 1972. After physical, as well as psychosocial examindions which included his life history, we diagnosed him as neurotic vomitting. As we applied a comprehensive approach by using autogneic training and other psychosomatic methods, his symptoms almost disappeared by July, 1973,and they have not appeared, since then. The present paper includes the treatment procedure in detail and some comments and discussions.

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