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Article type: Cover
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
289-291
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
292-294
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Yoichi Matsuoka
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Stacey B. Day
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
296-305
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
306-307
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Motoyori Kanazawa, Shin Fukudo
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
309-311
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Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a new concept of pathophysiology of IBS. Several studies have demonstrated the development of IBS following acute gastrointestinal infection. PI-IBS is typically of the diarrhea-predominant type. Although the underlying mechanism of PI-IBS is unclear, ongoing low-grade inflammation may be a factor in the pathogenesis. In an animal model, acute intestinal infection led to persistent intestinal smooth muscle hypercontractility after resolution of the infection. However, little is known about the pathophysiology of PI-IBS in man. Further research on the concept of PI-IBS may help us to understand the complex pathophysiology of IBS and to develop new treatment.
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Toshimi Chiba, Kunihiko Sato, Nozomi Matsuda, Yosuke Toya, Kei Endo, S ...
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
312-316
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Background: Calcium polycarbophil improves abdominal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We examined cytokine expression in IBS patients before and after administration of calcium polycarbophil. Methods: A total of 24 IBS patients (13 diarrhea type, 11 constipation type; median age, 55 years) were enrolled. Serum levels of 17 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, -2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -10, -12, -13, -17; tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]; interferon [IFN]-γ; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]; granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]; macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1β; and macrophage chemoattractant protein [MCP-1]) were simultaneously determined using a Bio-Plex suspension array system before and 12 weeks after administration of calcium polycarbophil 1,500-3,000mg/day. Results: Serum IL-5 levels were significantly lower after administration of calcium polycarbophil than before treatment. Serum MCP-1 levels in diarrhea type IBS patients were significantly higher than those in constipation type patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: Decreases in serum IL-5 levels following calcium polycarbophil treatment may be involved in the relief of abdominal symptoms in IBS patients; diarrhea type IBS is characterized by increased MCP-1 expression.
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Hiroaki Kusunoki, Naohito Yamashita, Keisuke Honda, Kazuhiko Inoue, Ma ...
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
317-322
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In previous studies, we measured the diameter of five sections of the colon using ultrasonography for the assessment of stool distribution in the colon. We investigated post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is the best model case for showing the relationship between the pathogenesis of IBS and bowel infections. We assessed the stool distribution in the colon in patients with post-infectious IBS and compared the distribution pattern of the stool in without post-infectious IBS patients with these of the post-infectious IBS patients. In this study, the post-infectious IBS patients showed the right side dominant type of stool distribution in the colon more frequently than the patients without post-infectious IBS. This result suggests that the patients with post-infectious IBS have more severe diarrhea than the patients without post-infectious IBS.
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Hioshi Kaneko, Masahiro Matsunaga, Hirohito Tsuboi, Yoko Kawanishi
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
323-328
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Recent studies have indicated that brain and gut activities are interrelated and exposure to several stressors, such as water-avoidance stress, stimulates the motor function of the gut through corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) -signaling pathways in the brain. Central oxytocin is known to attenuate stress responses, including CRF expression in the brain. We examined whether central oxytocin attenuated the acceleration of colonic motility induced by water-avoidance stress. A force transducer was attached to the distal colon of male rat, and the colonic motility and fecal pellet output were recorded while the rats were exposed to water-avoidance stress. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of oxytocin (5, 50, and 500 pmol) and the oxytocin receptor antagonist tocinoic acid (25μg) were administered before exposure to water-avoidance stress, and the effect of oxytocin on colonic motor function was determined. Centrally administered oxytocin inhibited the accelerated colonic motility induced by water-avoidance stress. The effective dose ranged between 5 and 50 pmol on i.c.v injection. Oxytocin also decreased the number of CRF-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus and corticosterone release. The inhibitory effect of oxytocin on accelerated colonic motility was blocked by pretreatment with oxytocin receptor antagonist. Furthermore, centrally administered tocinoic acid enhanced the acceleration of colonic motility. These results suggested that endogenous central oxytocin may contribute to the regulation of colonic function and inhibit the brain CRF-signaling pathways targeting the gut, resulting in the inhibition of stress-induced colonic contractions.
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Mitsuhiro Ohtsu, Akira Hamura, Yuiko Ishikawa, Masayuki Yamaoka, Tomoy ...
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
329-335
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Objective: Typical patients with eating disorders with self-induced vomiting often have several dental problems, but the details of their dental problem are not yet well-recognized by medical doctors and dentists. This study evaluated decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and the reasons for visiting the Clinical Center of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Nippon Dental University Hospital, in order to elucidate the causes of such problems. Method: Among female patients in their 20s who visited the Nippon Dental University Hospital, 23 patients with eating disorders with self-induced vomiting who visited the Clinical Center of Psychosomatic Dentistry were assigned to the ED group and 26 patients who visited the Division of General Dentistry for the first time and had no history of psychiatric disorders were assigned to the control group, in order to compare their DMFT and study their reasons for visiting the center. Result: DMFT was significantly greater in the ED group. Significant differences between the groups were observed in decayed teeth (D) but not in missing teeth (M) and filled teeth (F). Furthermore, there were significant differences for all sites except for mandibular anterior teeth. As for the reasons for visiting the clinical center, 73.9% of the ED group answered that the reason was their anxiety and distrust towards dental treatment by GPs. Conclusion: The greater DMFT in the ED group suggested that their vomiting behavior and irregular life might have been involved in caries development. However, few caries were observed in the mandibular anterior teeth where caries usually do not occur, and there were no significant differences in DMFT for the mandibular teeth between the groups. These results suggested that an effective method of preventing caries for such patients with eating disorders could be established. Furthermore, the result that significant differences in D were observed but not in F between the groups indicated that they still had caries in spite of the previous dental treatment, which suggested that the dental risk in patients with eating disorders might not be adequately considered and that they felt anxiety and distrust towards dental treatment.
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Mami Fujibayashi, Yoko Umeda, Tamaki Matsumoto, Toshio Moritani
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
336-344
Published: April 01, 2011
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Objectives: It has been suggested that the number of Japanese workers facing stress has significantly increased. On another front, regular physical activity has long been considered necessary for the achievement and maintenance of optimal health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term, light physical exercise on autonomic nervous system activity (ANS) and depression in the Japanese workers. Subjects: Twenty employees (16 men and 4 women, 37.9±2.1 years) participated in this study. Method: Subjects engaged in a program of physical exercise, including aerobic activity, strength training, and stretching. Participants in the physical exercise program attended a 30-min exercise session, 3 times per week, for 4 weeks. All subjects were examined before and after-physical exercise intervention. Resting ANS activity was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) power spectral analysis, which enabled us to identify separate frequency components, i.e., total power (TP), low-frequency (LF; both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity) power, and high-frequency (HF; parasympathetic nervous system activity) power. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) to evaluate depressive mood. This globally standardized, self-administered questionnaire consists of 20-items, with each item scored from 0 to 3, according to intensity. Results: A linear regression analysis showed that Δheart rate significantly correlated to ΔCES-D (r=0.744, p<0.001). We also found a significant negative correlation between ΔHF power reflecting parasympathetic function and changes of ΔCES-D (r=-0.592, p=0.006). Conclusion: We could not fully explain in the physiological and psychological mechanisms underlying this study. However, the present study indicates that an improvement of parasympathetic activity through a short-term physical exercise relates to favorable changes in the depressed mood of Japanese employees. Depression represents an important link between cardiovascular diseases and multiple health risks. This study further implies that light physical exercise offers an important strategy for restoring autonomic function and preventing depression.
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Tomoyo Mitsui
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
345-348
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Tomoko Araki
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
349-355
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
357-
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
359-361
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
362-363
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
364-366
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
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