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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
891-894
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
895-898
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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Akinori Masuda, Takao Yamanaka, Michiko Takei, Tadatoshi Hirakawa, Mas ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
903-909
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We studied the influence of family function on the onset of psychosomatic diseases, school adaptation, mental states in adolescence, and a life enjoyment from the child's viewpoint. The subjects included 199 psychosomatic patients (average age was 21 years old) and 431 healthy students (average age was 20 years old) . We used factor analysis and logistic regression to analyse their responses to our questionnaires. In the poor family function group, the relative risk in the onset of psychosomatic diseases was double that of good family function group. Bullying in elementary and junior high schools and school absence increased the relative risk by 2 and 3 times, respectively. During adolescence, the relative risk in withdrawal from society, fear to others' eyes, lacked selfassertion or poor human relationship in the poor family function group were approximately double those of good family function group. Inability to confide in other people or absence of a person who gives advice increased the risk to about 5 and 3 times, respectively. In the poor family function group, the children who felt unneeded by other people and did not have life's pleasures had approximately 4 times those of good family function group. These results suggest that family function are associated with the onset of psychosomatic diseases, school adaptation, human relationships, and the life's pleasures in adolescence.
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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Michiko Takei
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
911-918
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Objectives : Inducing factors for chronicity of eating disorders (ED) were examined in two aspects : parental rearing experiences (Study 1) and the effect of long-term starvation (Study 2). Subjects and Method : The ED group for Study I consisted of 67 ED patients who were inpatients or outpatients of Kagoshima Univ. hospital, Kyushu Univ. hospital, and Takei Medical Clinic, during the period from April to September 2003. They each completed a questionnaire. As a control group, 82 healthy participants participated in the study and completed the same questionnaire. The parental rearing experiences at the age of 15 were retrospectively examined by the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) scoring system, and compared between the two groups. In Study 2, 131 ED patients in Kagoshima Univ. hospital during the period from January to December 2002 were involved. In order to clarify the relation between the chronicity of ED and the starvation condition, clinical features such as subtypes, age of onset, age at the time of the investigation, period of illness, and past history were investigated in the ED patients. Results : Study I : The mean EMBU score "rejection" was significantly higher in parents of the ED group than that of the control group (p <0.01). In addition the score "emotional warmth" was also significantly lower in the ED group than the other (p <0.01) . The score "over protection" (m both "study" and "interference") of fathers was lower m the ED group than the other significantly (p <0.05) . The score "favoring subject" of mothers was also significantly higher in the ED group (p <0.05.) . Study 2 : Of 131 outpatients, 31 cases had chronic courses that lasted for more than 10 years ; they were AN-R cases in 7, AN-BP in 12, BN-P in 6. BN-NP in one, and EDNOS in 5. Average BMI (body mass index) in each patient group was 12.7 in AN-R, 13.4 in AN-BP, 17.8 in BN-P, 18.3 in BN-NP, and 17.3 in EDNOS. More than 80% of the patients were either AN-R, AN-BP, or BN-P. They were suspected to have been under semi-starvation condition for a long time due to food restriction or purging behavior followed by over eating. Conclusion : The problems in parental rearing experiences, and physiological starvation for long periods of time were estimated to be the significant inducing factors for chronicity of ED.
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Norio Mishima, Shinya Kubota, Shoji Nagata
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
919-927
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As workers face rapid changes in the workplace, mental health activities in the workplace also need to change so that they respond effectively to the changes. We believe that listener education given from experts' point of view is getting less appropriate for meeting workers' demands. We have developed a new training method, i. e. Inventive Experiential Learning (IEL) , in which workers find how to do active listening (AL) by themselves. In this report, we describe the basic ideas behind IEL, and explain the results of our training using IEL. We believe that participants' demeanor in training changes depending on that of trainers. We explain this understanding of the interaction between trainers and participants by referring to the ideas given by Engel and social constructionism. In IEL, we assume that managers at work have done AL to some extent without realizing it, and that they have not yet noticed what AL means. Hence, instead of teaching them how to do AL from the beginning of listener education, we give participants opportunities to discover how to do AL by trial and error. In group exercises of IEL, a listener is encouraged to devise how to listen to a speaker so that the speaker keeps talking about his/her own topic as long and as spontaneously as possible. When their findings are shared with all participants in overall discussion, trainers listen actively to them. We applied IEL to the listener education given to middle managers of a local government, and found that they improved significantly one month and three months after training, when we measured their attitudes regarding AL by using Active Listening Attitude Scale developed by Mishima et al. We consider that this result revealed that our listener education using IEL is significantly effective.
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
929-
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Article type: Article
2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
935-946
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
958-
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
i-vii
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 44 Issue 12 Pages
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