This study discussed how technostress tendency is related to age, length of work wd amount of computer work, in order to understand the actual condition of technostress syndrome on the view of working condition and demographic chracteristics of computer operatpors. The data were collected from questionnaires given to 273 computer operators (male 241,female 32). The questionnaires consisted of 2 parts-1) questions to evaluate technostress tendency, 2) questions to identify age, length of work and amount of computer work. The questionnaire to evaluate technostress tendency, which consisted of 31 questions, had been based on report 1. Age and length of work were obtained in years. Rate of computer work was obtained by the subjects choosing one of following; 1) 10-20%. 2) 30-40%, 3) 50-60%, 4) 7O-80%. 5) 90-100%. Each question about technostress tendency was given a point according to the answer-Yes=1 point. Unknown=0.5 point, No=0 point. The total points were used as the score to evaluate technostress tendency of each subject. Subjects whose scores were≧mean+SD were identified to be in the high tendency group and subjects whose scores were≦mean-SD were identified to be in the low tendency group. Regarding the subjects whose amount of computer work was 10-40% were put in group A and 50-60% were put in group a and 70-100% were put in group C. Wilcoxon 2-sample test wits used to examine if age and length of work were significantly different between high and low tendency groups. Chi-square test Was used to examine the relationship between the amount of computer work and technostress tendency. Wilcoxon mean value of age and length of work were not significantly different between high and low tendency groups. The amount of computer work was not significantly different between high and low tendency groups, either. This observation was seen in both techoo-centered tendency and techno-anxious tendency. The results indicated that technostress tendency had no significant relationship with age, length of work and amount of computer work. It might be suggested that psychological characteristics, which were proven to have a significant relationship with technostress tendency on report 2,had more intimate relationship with technostress tendency.

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On report 3,it was shown that technostress tendency had no significant relationship with age, length of work and amount of computer work. This study conducted further examination about their relationships by taking account of the inflence of psychological characteristics. The data were collected from questionnaires given to 273 computer operators (male 241. female 32). The questionnaires consisted of 3 parts-A) questions to evaluate technostress tendency, B) questions to identify age. length of work and amount of computer work, C) tests to evaluate psychological characteristics (MAS, SDS and Y-G). Questions about technostress tendency had been based on report 1. Age and length of work were obtained in years. Amount of computer work was obtained by subjects choosing one of followings; 1) 10-20%, 2) 3O-40%, 3) 50-60%. 4) 70-80%. 5) 90-100%. The psychological characteristics which were associated with technostress tendency had been clarified on report 2. Each question about technostress tendency was given a point according to the answer-Yes=1,unknown=0.5,No=0. The total points were the score to evaluate technostress tendency of each subject. Subjects were divided into a high tendency group and a low tendency group with mean value and SD value of the score. Regarding amount of computer work. subjects were divided into 3 groups-A : subjects whose amount of computer work was 10-40%, B : 50-60%, C : 70-100%. Concerning psychological characteristics which were associated with technostress tendency, subjects were divided as follows. MAS and SDS; 2 grous-1) subjects with anxiety (in depression), 2) those not with (not in). Y-G profiles (12 profiles and 6 profile groups) ; divided into 2 groups with mean value of their total score-1) subjects who have a high socre of profile, 2) those who have a low score of prcfile. Y-G 5 types; 1) subjects who are high tendency types, 2) those who are low tendency types. In each group concerning psychological characteristics, Wilcoxon 2-sample test and Chi-square test were conducted to examine if age, length of work and amount of computer work were significantly different between high and low technostress tendency groups. As a result, it was shown that the amount of computer work was significantly high in the high techno-centered tendency group than in the low one (p<0.01). It was observed only for subjects who had slight Y-G profiles associated with techno-centered tendency. This was also shown that age was significantly low in the high techno-anxious tendency groups than in the low one (p<0.01). It was observed only for subjects who were in depression. The results indicated that the amount of computer work was related to techno-centered tendency under the infiuence of psychological chracteristics. The same thing was said about age and techno-anxious tendency.

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Treatments for psychogenic visual disturbance include autogenic training, sand play therapy, suggestion therapy, behavior therapy and drug therapy, etc. We report our experience with a case of psychogenic visual disturbance who showed marked improvement by sand play therapy. The case is a twelve-year-old boy. Growth, past history and family history are unremarkable. The family consists of the parents, the patient and a younger brother. In the sixth grade, the patient was seriously troubled over low height and he disliked going to school to avoid an athletic meet and swimming. Upon medical exwamination at school. visual disturbance was noted. The child was referred to an ophthalmologist and was diagnosed as psychogenic visual disturbance. Right visual acuity was 0.15. left visual acuity was 0.2. Psychological testing indicated the child had tendencies toward introversion, high psychological tension along with a loss of self-confidence. In the family he is dependent on mother and has sibling rivalry. We suggested that the psychogenic visual disturbance was due to these problems. In an early interview, he was tense, silent and had difficulty in verbal expression. Therefore in every interview we encouraged him to. talk about school and family, and tried to praise him to increase his self-confidence. We used sand play therapy adjunctively as a non-verbal approach. In early sand play he used a few toys and we felt vacant. But gradually a number of toys were used and contents became richer. In later interviews he talked much about his family and friends. He also played with his friends after school and on holidays, played with his brother, and became less dependent on his mother. Furthermore, after eight months from the day of his first medical examination, the child's both visual acuities improved to 1.0.

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We reported a patient of preadolescent anorexia nervosa with long-term dissociative symptoms. She was a 10-year-old girl and had no sibling. She had a cheerful but obstinate character. She stopped taking meal after she was scolded by her grandmother and became mutistic gradually. At the time of admission to our hospital. she was 140cm at height, 19kg in weight. lied on the bed without any expression. Some weeks later her liver function became worse and IVH injection was started. At that time she showed remarkable excitement and rejection. After some weeks, she suffered from sepsis and then began talking. She had no memories after she was scolded to the present. She talked about her fear of obesity and weight gain. She was regressed and her mother cared her very kindly. After sepsis improved and lVH started again, she showed episodic excitement everyday. At that time she told that when she got angry, the other self came out and she could not remember any more. Her mether and staff members made an effort that she could believe to be accepted. Gradually her excitement decreased and she was restored to her memories. After 13 months she started eating agah, and was discharged from the hospital. She had a fear of obesity and denied body emaciation. Her eating problem started as a psychogenic reaction like many other preadolescent cases. Dissociative symptoms occurred because she could not accept herself who rejected her families. When she was recoverd, familial structure changed.

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A sixteen-year-old female, complaining of high grade fever and diarrhea. was admitted to our hospital on June 2nd in 1990. She also had noccturnal enuresis since 12-year-old. From April in 1989,she suffered from soft feces one time a day, and then gradually from watery diarrhea. From May in 1990,she had high grade fever of unknown origin. On admission, severe anemia and mild epigastric tenderness appeared. Laboratory data on admission revealed that severe iron deficiency anemia, inflammatory sign, occult blood in feces and normal ranges of renal functins, anti-diuretic hormone level, urinalysis and urinary osmotic pressure in early morning urine. From findings in small and large intestinal examinations, her disease was diagnosed as Crolhn's disease. Symptoms of Crohn's disease and enuresis rapidly dissolved by ordinary treatments for Crohn's disease, including intravenous hyperalimentation and elemental diet therapies. During four months after discharge, a short-term recurrence of enuresis followed by symptoms and signs of Crohn's disease appeared. There was no evidence of relationships between pathophysiology of these diseases and growth history or mental tests not only at the onset and remisssion but also at recurrence. Therefore, enuresis might be thought as the preceding symptom of Crohn's disease in this case. Several reports have been published concerning bladder dysfunction, except for enuresis, followed by Crohn's disease. In this case, the mechanism by which Crohn's disease might result in enuresis was unclear, but it can be considered the possibility that both severe inflammation in pelvic cavity and bladder dysfunction may be related to the pathogenesis of enuresis. In summary, intraperitoneal organic diseases including Crohn's disease should be taken into consideration in cases with enuresis occurring in adolescence and/or without psychosocial backgrounds.

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Blepharsoasm is involuntary spasmodic closure of the eyelids with involuntary contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscles. Essential blephrospasm is of unknown origin, distinguished from organic blepharospasm, nd has been treated by different kinds of therapies. We reported a case with essential blepharospasm successfully treated by a psychosomatic approach with autogenic training as a main technique. Case : A 75-year-old woman visited an ophthalmologist and a neurologist because of sustained closure of her eyelids. However, organic abnomalities, Which could exphain her symptoms, were not found. She had been treated with antidepressants and minor tranquilizers. But her symptoms continued and she was referred to us. We stopped the medication and started treating her by supportive interview and later introduced autogenic training therapy to her. Her lid's symptom improved gradually, and after about a month she no longer suffered from blepharospasm. It is suggested that she relaxed herself and acquired 'self-control by mainly autogenic training. The treatment of this case revealed that autogenic training is an effective psychotherapeutic method for essential blepharospasm.

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Mass hysteria is characterized by sudden symptoms based on autonomic imbalance such as hyperventilation and syncope that generally occur in a group such as female junior or senior high school students. Six young female inpatients (ranging in age from 17 to 32 years) in our psychosomatic ward developed in suvccession symptoms such as loss of consciousness persisting for several minutes to several days and atonic seizures. There are few reports on seizures occurring in many patients during a short period of time in the ward. Analysis of the pathological state in the 6 patients revealed only mutual consciousness, a relationship specific to females, but no serious conflict. We assume that such mass hysteria may frequently occur as a general phenomenon in the future.

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