We studied on 304 school children using Kurt Schneider's test, YG test and the questionaire about their visits to the sanitary office of the school. The results were as follows : (1) About the frequency of the visit, they visited mostly two to three times (male 33.8%, female 41.0%). (2) The main reasons of the visits were : 1. Surgical treatment of traumas (male 29.1%, female 23.9%) 2. Accompanyment of the ill friend (male 21.8%, female 27.2%) 3. Body measurement (male 15.2%, female 15.9%) (3) With regard to proneness to tranumas, 23.6% of male and 20.1% of female children answered affirmative. (4) About frequent incidence of feeling ill, 9% of male and 12.3% of female children answered affirmative. (5) The relationship of the Kurt Schneider's test and the questionnaire is shown in Tables 3 and 4,i.e. the more frequent the visit was the more marked were their personalities as revealed in the higher points in asthenicity, activeness, and unstability; while the less frequent was the visit, the higher were the points in such items as adhesiveness and self-uncertainty.

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Review was made on the relationship between the efficacy of biofeedback therapy and psycological aspects in the patients with muscle contraction headache and migraine treated with biofeedback. Psychological tests were performed using Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS), Yatabe-Guilford test (YG) and Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression (SRQ-D). As for the depression, less SRQ-D scores were obtained in the effective cases with biofeedback than in non-effective cases. Also, significantly higher efficacy was observed in the normal and slightly depressive cases than in severely depressive cases (p<0.025). Concerning anxiety, both diseases showed lower AMS scores in effective cases than in non-effective cases. Even in the therapeutic results classified by the degree of anxiety, as to the muscle contraction headache, the cases of low MAS scores with less than 20 showed significantly superior efficacy than in the cases of high scores over 21 (P<0.025). In migraine, some differences were observed, and the best therapeutic results were obtained in the cases with low scores less than 16 points, followed by the cases of high MAS scores with over 26. In YG test, type-A and type-D showed favorable therapeutic results, while type-E showed unfavorable therapeutic results. In migraine, not only Type-D but also Type-B showed favorable therapeutic results, and favorable efficacy was observed in the type showing the extrovert pattern. Biofeedback therapy is reported to be effective on the psychological aspect, but it was ineffective for the cases showing more marked depression, high anxiety (at muscle contraction headache), emotional unstability, non-adaptability to society and neurotic personality with the introvert pattern.

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Creative behavior, one of the most excelling characteristics of the human being, is used in Art Therapy. We have employed clay work, which is one of the techniques of cybernation therapy, for the treatment of 12 patients with psychosomatic disorders. THe patients make circular or spherical objects during the transitional period of their psychological change, whereas gradually present objects of a realistic level as therapeutic process develops. With the clay-patient dialogue method, the patient is asked to identify himself with the object made and to verbalize feelings and images using the first person. Through this approach, the therapist gains an accurate knowledge of the patient's psychological state, whch, in turn, enable the therapist to be in a neutral position without hurting the patient by a one-side interpretation. Through the act of making objects with clay, the patient weakens his defeneses, thus allowing himself free self-expressions.

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Endogenous organic acids, i.e., 2-deoxytetronate (2-DTA), 3-deoxypentonate (3-DPA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HBA), have been demonstrated to induce elicitation and/or cessation of feeding behavior. In the present study, humoral responses to these organic acids were inverstigated. Ten μl volumes of organic acids, at a dose of 2.50 μ mol, 1.50 μmole physiological saline were administered into the third ventricle of the rat. Blood samples were collected from a chronically inplanted intra-right atrial catheter under the unanesthetized and unrestrained conditions. Plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) were evaluated in response to these organic acids. 3-DPA raised plasma glucose and FFA initially, and their levels subsequently fell to those of the saline controls. 3-HBA initially induced the hyperglycemia as well as the hyperlipidemia preceded by the transient hyperinsulinemia. Succeeding to this initial period, the FFA level gradually, decreased below that of the controls. 2-DTA induced the hyperlipidemia, but not the hyperglycemia nor the hyperinsulinemia. Time variations of these humoral factors following intra-third ventricle administration of 3-DPA or 3-HBA were compatible with the previous results obtained both in the behavioral and electrophysiological studies.

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In an attempt to elucidate the incidence of anorexia nervosa, an epidemiologic study was performed in Ishikawa prefecture using a total of 36,403 girls and 37,520 boys in junior and senior high schools, which amounted to 80% of all the pupils registered in Ishiwaka prefecture in 1981. During the initial screening, 84 girls and 122 boys were picked up according to the following three criteria; 1) marked weight loss of at least 3 months duration, 2) hyperactivity or no decline of activity in spite of extreme thinness and 3) taking pleasure in extreme thinness or complete unconcern regarding extreme thinness. Furthermore each subject was surveyed using a questionnaire construted by the author. Finally, 16 girls and one boy with anorexia nervosa were found according to the three diagnostic criteria which are as follows; 1) weight loss of at least 20% of the standard weight, 2) amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea and 3) a distorted attitude and behavior toward eating and/or an ideal thin body. Thus the average incidence of this disorder was ascertained as 50.4 and 3.1 per 100,000 population in junior and senior high school girls and boys respectively. The significant differences in incidence were found between Kanazawa City, the biggest city in Ishikawa Prefecture (74.5 per 100,000 population) and other districts (Kaga districts outside Kanazawa City, 20.9 per 100,000 population and NOto districts, 46.4 per 100,000 population), and between senior high school girls (95.8 per 100,000 population) and junior high school girls (62.8 per 100,000 population) only in Kanazawa City. These data suggest that some aspects of city life may be causally related to the vulnerability of this disorder in adolescent girls, particularly in those of late adolescence. This study was supported by the Research Grant for Intractable Disease from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan.

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In 1958,Friedman & Rosenman first emphasized the specific behaviour pattern called type A in their studies among thepatients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in United States. Since then, many researchers have reported significance of this behavior pattern as one of the important risk factors of CHD. Recently, Williams et al. have also pointed out the type A behaviour pattern having a close relation to high hostility score (Ho score) in MMPI among the coronary patients in United States. This report is to present our study concerning type A and Ho scores among Japanese normal healthy males & coronary patients. Fourty-six male patients with CHD and 319 non-coronary male subjects cared at the Life Planning Center were selected for the study. Type A behaviour pattern was assessed by using the tripple-choice questionnaire form developed by Shinoda that contains 16 selected items specifically related to this behaviour. Hostility was also assessed with the double-choice questionnaire form consisting of 50 items specifically selected from 566 items included in MMPI renewed in 1970. Statisticaly significant correlation (r=0.3959,p<0.001) was found betewen type A behaviour and Ho scores. These scores were entirely independent of age. With regard to comparison of coronary and non-coronary groups, levels of total cholesterol and smoking habit were significantly higher in the former than in the latter. On the contrary, however, no significant differences were found in scores of type A behaviour pattern or Ho, and mean blood pressure. Gradations of the Ho score did not reveal any significant relation to total cholesterol, smoking habit or mean blood pressure. Gradations of physical fitness level also did not show any significant relation to the level of Ho score. There was no significant difference observed on the percent histogram of Ho score distribution betewen cornary and non-coronary groups. Severity of CHD assessed from findings in the coronary arteriogram did no correlate with the level of the Ho score. Comparison among non-coronary Japanese and American males, however, revealed significant difference with regard to the percent rate of subjects with lower Ho score less than 10; 18.9% and 9.3% respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the Ho score seems not to be useful to discriminate coronary from non-coronary subjects at least in the Japaneae male population, althrough there was slight, but significant difference noted in the Ho score level between Japanese and Americal males. This fact may stem from the Japanese males' peculiar personality pattern such as "Edo-orodinal" character (old, traditional colloquial name which is used to denote the men who were born and grown up in Tokyo). According to our previous studies, this character seems to be more related to coronary heat disease.

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In an attempt to elucidate the true etiology of an abnormal increase in ventilation per minute (V_E) occurring in association with hyperventilation syndrome induced by psychological factors, a study was made of ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and airway occlusion pressure (P_<0.1>; a parameter reflecting respiratory center output) in 12 patients with hyperventilation syndrome. The second series of studies were made of the changes in the same values after adiministration of β-blocking agent, and after fasting therapy. Increments in V_E produced by a rise in end-tidal CO_2 pressure (P_<ETCO2>), i.e. ΔV_<E/BSA/ΔPETCO2> were larger in patients with hyperventilation syndrome than in 7 normal subjects. On the other hand, increments in P_<0.1> produced by an elevation of P_<ETCO2> (i.e. ΔP_<0.1>/ΔP_<ETCO2>) were significantly larger in patients with hyperventilation syndrome than in normal subjects. The response of V_E and P<0.1> to rising P<ETCO2> in hyperventilation syndrome was suppressed by the administration of a β-blocking agent. Similar response pattern of these parameters were observed after fasting therapy, a finding that is consistent with its clinical therapeutic effect.

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