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Volume 59, Issue 8
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Masataka YOSHIMURA1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1215-1220
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper proposes design decision making methods of machine structures based on design sensitivity analyses for minimizing the influence of variations in the manufacturing processes on the structural characteristics (product performance). Design decisions are made so that smaller design sensitivity coefficients of the characteristics are given for areas that have been estimated to have a great potential for variation in the design variables. First, fundamental design principles are established for minimizing variations of the characteristics. Then, the practical procedures are presented for decreasing the variations of the product performance. The proposed method in which the minimization of variations of the product performance is the main objective corresponds to a maximization of the product performance and also brings about a decrease of the manufacturing cost. Finally, the effectiveness of the design decision making methods are demonstrated for designing a machine tool structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
Tohru Ihara, Misao Ogawa, Yoshimi Ito1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1221-1226
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experienced process engineer immediately judges in incredibly short time regardless of the complexity of contents described in a given part drawing in case of actual operation. According to our investigation performed previously, this is because the engineer is carrying out the process planning of flair-based type, in which a diagram image of a part drawing is used preferably with employing the top down-like procedure. Then our former paper suggested a general concept of CAPP system of flair-based type. In this paper, a method of knowledge process is proposed by the structural matching technique based on the imitation of model patterns of process plan-examples, and applied this method applies to the simple case of the process planning problem.View full abstractDownload PDF (1025K) -
Ichiro NAKAMURA, Toshio KOJIMA, Yutaka KUGAI, Fumihiko KIMURA1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1227-1232
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a common CAD database access interface, which provides a method to use CAD data as the data of a STEP Application Protocol in an application program. While writing and/or reading STEP data using the interface, data is converted in a unit of entity instance, and the conversion between CAD data and STEP data is embedded between the common access interface and the CAD database access interface. EXPRESS is used to define the interface as a set of schema definitions of STEP AP, CAD data schema and a special data schema representing the corresponding relations between CAD and STEP. The conversion definition style in EXPRESS is also given. From the interface definition, the interface programs can be generated. Using the CAD database access interface proposed in this paper, application programs are dependent only on STEP Application Protocol, therefore independent of any specific CAD system.View full abstractDownload PDF (965K) -
Masatoshi Niizeki, Fumikazu Konishi, Makoto Yoshida, Fujio Yamaguchi1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1233-1238
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA dual data structure and dual Euler operators for the boundary representation of solid models is presented. This new dual edge based data structure is called the Quarteredge data structure. Then a data structure with complete duality between faces and vertices is derived. This data structure allows multiple loops of Quarteredges to belong to a single vertex. Euler operators based on the Quartereedge and this dual data structure makes it possible to use the same program for a pair of two dual Euler operations. Duality in data structures and programs contribute to the robustness and efficiency in both the implementation and the execution of solid modeling programs. These concepts can be extended easily to non-manifold solid models.View full abstractDownload PDF (911K) -
The Examination of Analytical Stable Grinding Conditions by ExperimentsShuuhei Takasu, Masami Masuda1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1239-1244
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn centerless grinding, unbalanced parts are hard to get precise accuracy, because the centrifugal force caused by rotating the unbalanced mass tends to move the part up and down, and/or fall down the part from work support blade. The unbalanced parts are classified into 3 types by the position of unbalanced mass. The first report presents the criteria of this movement of each type of the unbalanced part by analyzing the balance of the forces working on it. This paper deals the experiment of centerless grinding of those 3 types unbalanced parts. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy was not affected substancially by the unbalanced mass under the stable grinding conditions, and this is coinsident with analytical results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1022K) -
Ultrahigh-Speed Grinding (1st Report)Etsuji OHMURA, Tetsuya ABE, Hiroshi EDA1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1245-1250
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe geometrical surface generation is simulated for the grinding process with the grinding speed ranging from 25 to 1000 m/s. The effects of work speed, depth of cut, spark-out cycles, and cutting edge density etc. on the surface profile and the surface roughness are investigated. The three-dimensional surface profile generated by the cutting edges is described geometrically for each cross section of the workpiece which is perpendicular to the direction of grinding, considering the distribution of the cutting edges in a grinding wheel. The simulated results are displayed on the CRT by the computer graphics, and the surface roughness is also estimated theoretically. As the results, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) The high-speed grinding reduces the surface roughness, comparing with conventional grinding. (2) The work speed and the cutting edge density have little influence on the surface roughness in the high-speed grinding. (3) Relatively good surface roughness can be obtained by the high-speed grinding with a few spark-out cycles, regardless of pre-surface roughness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
On the Improving Effect of Finishing Efficiency Obtained by MixingTakeo SHINMURA, WANG Feng Hui, Toshio AIZAWA1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1251-1256
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new efficient magnetic abrasive finishing process is created in which the new type magnetic abrasives are used mixing small sized diamond magnetic abrasives with such large sized ferromagnetic particles as iron particles. From the experiments, it was clarified that the machining efficiency was improved remakably based on the increasing effects of both the finishing pressure and the magnetic brush rigidity. It was also pointed out that the machining efficiency was influenced severely by both the iron particle diameter and the mixing weight percentage of iron particles, and there was suitable value for the mixing weight percentage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1057K) -
Osamu Kuwabara, Norio Uchida, Toru Tojo, Tatsuhiko Higashiki, Hisakazu ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1257-1262
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new excimer laser stepper at 248 nm wavelength has been developed. The numerical aperture and the field size of an all quartz 5X reduction lens are 0.4 and 15 mm square, respectively. A key feature of the system is a through-the-lens alignment system using an optical heterodyne method operating with a 633 nm He-Ne laser. The problem of the large focal plane difference between exposure and alignment wavelength has been solved by a new alignment system using two symmetrical grating marks on the reticle and a checkerboard grating mark on the wafer. Moreover, a wafer leveling mechanism and a yaw compensating mechanism have been adopted in order to realize precise positioning of the wafer stage. Exposure experiments have proved that the resolution is 0.35 μm and overlay accuracy is better than 0.1 μm. The results show that the stepper is suitable for developing 0.4 μm devices.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
Study on Automated Design of Grinding Wheel (3rd Report)Noboru MATUMORI, Isao YOSHIZAWA, Akishige YANO, Masahiro HIGUCHI, Kiyo ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1263-1268
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fuzzy rule-based expert system currently is being developed whose goal is the automation of decision about the five factors of grinding wheel. The decision of those factors is dependent on the dictates of experience, because the constraints and the objective function are little known. Therefore, a heuristic approach to the decision problem has been employed. This paper illustrates the designer's knowledge on the selection from the great variety of the abrasive types, the grain sizes, the grades, the structures and the bond types, and describes the fuzzy logic framed in a way of representing his knowledge as the rule for the use of machine reasoning. Furthermore, the paper describes the fuzzy decisional algorithm used in the inference.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K) -
Mechanism of Generating the Dullness due to the Wheel to Workpiece Relative DisplacementShigeki OKUYAMA, Thuyoshi YOSHIDA, Shoichiro WATANABE, Suehisa KAWAMUR ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1269-1274
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome machine parts, such as cutting tools and shearing blades, have importance in their corner shapes. The corner dullness which deteriorates the corner shapes is often generated at the ends of ground machine parts. This paper deals, both theoretically and experimentally, the mechanism of generating the dullness under one-pass-plunge grinding and following results are obtained. (1) Entrance dullness, being generated at the wheel entrance part, and exit dullness, being generated at the wheel exit part, are different in shape. The height of exit dullness is about three times as much as the entrance. (2) Shapes of the dullness, theoret-ically obtained under consideration of the wheel-workpiece relative displacement and utilizing the one-freedom vibration model, show good agreement with measured results. (3) Height of the exit dullness increases with wheel depth of cut, table speed, and grinding stiffness under usual grinding condition. (4) Height of exit dullness decreases with equivalent mass, dumping coefficient, and spring constant of the grinding machine.View full abstractDownload PDF (816K) -
Analysis on Large Deformation Problem of Tool EntryHiroyuki SASAHARA, Toshiyuki OBIKAWA, Takahiro SHIRAKASHI1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1275-1280
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTool entry process in three dimensional cutting is simulated by finite element method. Since the chip forming process is one of large deformation problems, geometrical nonlinearity due to the change of shape is introduced into finite element formulation. Constant strain tetrahedra element is used and over-constraint of incompressibility on the deformation of the finite elements in plastic region is relaxed using Nagategaal-Rice functional to make the elements as deformable as real continuum. The chip formation from tool entry to steady state is realized in the analysis and stress and strain distributions in chip and machined surfaces are also obtained. Lower shear angle at side surface of the work, side flow and chip flow direction predicted are in good agreement with experimental results of cutting of plasticine.View full abstractDownload PDF (1210K) -
Shizuichi HIGUCHI, Takeo SAITO, Yoshio SAITO, Tadaaki HANAOKA1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1281-1287
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe slack-of-belt grinding method is used in the finishing process of high-grade furnishings and parts used for special functions. However, the abrasive belt flexibility causes difficulty in recognizing its characteristics and in automating this finishing process. In this study, for automation of the slack-of-belt type grinding process using fuzzy theory, fundamental research was carried out. A fuzzy rule was derived by investigating the characteristics of the slack-ofbelt and by arranging the experimental results. This control system keeps the amount of stock removal at the required values. This system infers the necessary grinding time from the abrasive belt conditions by employing the fuzzy rule. The belt conditions are judged from the tangential grinding force which is detected when the workpiece is pressed against the abrasive belt. As a result of the experiments, it was found that there was a great possibility of applying the fuzzy theory to the automation of the grinding process using an abrasive belt.View full abstractDownload PDF (993K) -
Hiroshi EDA, Etsuji OHMURA, Shinobu YAMAUCHI1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1288-1294
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA computer simulation system is developed to estimate the heat affected zone (HAZ) of hypoeutectoid steel in surface grinding process. HAZ is generated by the liquid-solid phase transformation and solid state phase transformation caused by the grinding temperature. In the present system, the heat flow and phase transformation during grinding process is analyzed using a finitedifference method. The changes with the time of temperature distribution, the carbon redistribution in austenite, melting and the subsequent solidification to dendrite, and the quenching to martensite are simulated on the EWS. The analyzed results of the distributions of temperature, microstructure and carbon concentration are shown in the pseudocolor images on the display. The microstructure and the hardness in the heat-affected zone after the grinding process can be predicted. The present system can be applied to determine theoretically the best combination of the process variables for the grinding in advance.View full abstractDownload PDF (7736K) -
Influence of Temperature Distribution and Transformation on CurvatureHideki Shibahara, Tetsuo Matsuo, Shinobu Satonaka1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1295-1300
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is important to know the temperature distribution in a workpiece to understand the curvature of thin plate in surface grinding. In this paper, the relationship between curvature and calculated temperature distribution by FEM was clarified. As a result, it is evident that the steeper temperature gradient the larger concave curvature is induced. This can be understood as an effect of thermal stress. In the case of gentle temperature gradient, the effect of thermal stress is not clear, and consequently burnishing by cutting edge becomes effective. Summarizing these results, the curvature is well explained with temperature gradient and burnishing effect. The transformation of 304 stainless steel is confirmed by means of X-ray diffraction test, and the influence of transformation on curvature is studied. Key words: surface grinding;superabrasive wheels;thin plate;curvature, temperature distribution;force ratio;transformation.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Influence of Grinding Wheel Wear on Grinding SpeedYukio MAEDA, Masami MASUDA, Yukihisa KOIZUMI, Makoto WATANABE1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1301-1306
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSreep-feed grinding is a form-copying grinding process capable higher rates of material stock removal than most other conventional grinding processes. In industry, creep-feed grinding is used for form-copying grinding of material which is very hard or very tough. The most widespread application of the process is the form-copying grinding of Inconel turbine blades of gas turbines. This paper deals with the grinding wheel speed and grinding ratio aspects of creep-feed grinding of Inconel 738. These aspects were studied under conventional grinding and creep-feed grinding conditions. The following results were obtained. (1) In grinding conditions, the grinding ratio has an especially strong correlation with the grinding speed. The grinding ratio at a low wheel speed of 3 m/s is approximately 10 times larger than that of the conventional wheel speed of 33 m/s. (2) It is made clear that dulling and breaking appear on a grinding wheel at a conventional wheel speed, and self-sharpening appears at a low wheel speed, according to the estimation with the measured mean grain profiles. (3) The wheel wear of the edge part during creep-feed grinding is 4 times less than that of the conventional grinding, with low wheel speed operation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2212K) -
Hidekazu GOTO, Hachiro TSUCHIYA, Makoto MIYAZAKI, Shigeki KAGEYAMA1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1307-1312
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEtching mechanism and characteristics of CW-CO2-laser induced thermo-chemical etching of ceramics (ZrO2) in halogen-containing gas (CF4) were investigated. It was presumed that the etching velocity depends on activation energy of gas molecule dessociation and laser irradiated surface temperature. From the computer simulation of the etching process and the experiment, following results were obtained. The etching process can be induced on the material surface under the melting point. Depth of the thermal affected layer of the etched surface can be controlled by the etching parameter, activation energy, laser power and laser irradiation time, so laser machining of ceramics without thermal affected layer is possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
Study on Intelligent Automation of Grinding Process (3rd Report)Toshikatsu NAKAJIMA, Shinya TSUKAMOTO, Daisuke MURAKAMI, Hirotaka YASU ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1313-1318
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFIAC-III System (Fuzzy Intelligent & Automatic Control III System) is developed in this report in order to carry out the optimum grinding by neuro & fuzzy in-process control of infeed rate and speed ratio. In this system final surface roughness and grinding efficiency are optimized by means of in-process prediction of surface roughness by the neural network and rapid retraction of wheel head just before spark-out. Main conclusions obtained are as follows : (1) Neural network model for prediction of surface roughness is built up based on the back propagation method. As a result, it is possible to predict surface roughness in grinding process. (2) In FIAC-III grinding, the final surface roughness is satisfied with the required value independent of the wheel surface condition, and the grinding efficiency becomes much better than that of the traditional one plunge speed grinding.View full abstractDownload PDF (882K) -
Satoshi KIYONO, Hideaki OHGAKI1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1319-1324
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is important for precision profile measurements on on-machine conditions to construct some accurate datum for scanning. Any preceding method using software datum is not possible to measure step-wise profiles accurately. In the inclination method, it is necessary to hold some distance between two displacement sensors and in most cases the distance is too wide to represent a sharp edged stepwise profile. The generalized 3-probe method and other methods using software datum can represent more higher frequency components than the inclination method. However the shape of step can not yet be expressed because of Gibbs's phenomenon in the Fourier transform which is used for deconvolution. In the present paper it is proposed to combine the inclination method and 2- or 3-probe method. The new method determines the relative height between the discrete data groups of the inclination method by using generalized 2- or 3-probe method. And the new combining method can maintain the advantage of the inclination method that the discrete data present rigorously the original relative height of sampled points without any errors of data processing.View full abstractDownload PDF (940K) -
Hideo Sakuma, Yuji Furukawa, Takayuki Okada, Kouji Tanabe, Syunichi Ue ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1325-1330
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImage processing using neural networks is applied to the inspection of electronic connector plug pins. Some defects among a large number of pins inserted into a board are detected by the proposed system instead of visual observation. Pin images taken by ITV camera are first processed to digital binary signals, then input to the first layer of three-layered neural network. The training of the network is accomplished with the back-propagation algorithm. Each weight interconnecting units of adjoining layers is modified by learning many types of pin conditions. Fundamental features of the proposed system were made clear, and the network could well detect such defects as bended, mis-positioned and buckled pins.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
Tatsuhiko HIGASHIKI, Toru TOJO, Mitsuo TARATA, Takeshi NISHIZAKA, Hisa ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1331-1336
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes studies on the alignment error budgets caused by a TTL (through the lens) alignment optical system (SMART : separated mark TTL alignment) for an excimer laser aligner. Alignment error factors, such as the optical phase fluctuation of the alignment beam, the inclination variation of the alignment incident beam, the tilt of the wafer and the reticle, and the defocus of the reticle, have been analyzed and estimated. It was demonstrated that the total error of the alignment optical system was required to be better than 0.02 μm in order to satisfy the positioning strategy of the excimer laser aligner with a 0.05 μm (3σ) overlay accuracy. Several compensation methods have been developed and adopted to SMART. As a result, it was obtained experimentally that the total error of the alignment optical system became better than 0.02 μm. It has met the development goal. The new SMART optical system which was adopted to the KrF excimer laser aligner showed an excellent performance with a better than 0.05 μm (3σ) overlay accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (815K) -
Hirokazu MATSUMOTO, Lijiang ZENG1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1337-1340
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor determining the presence of adsorbed material on surfaces of processed materials, an interferometer is developed using 325-nm He-Cd and 633-nm He-Ne laser sources. A measurement resolution of 0.5 nm is realized by scanning the interference fringes with a translator and taking the correlation between the probe fringes and the reference fringes. From experiments with many types of materials, it is found that the interferometer can detect adsorbed material on the surfaces of materials such as metals.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
Satoshi SHIMA1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1341-1346
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a mathematical model of transient response of rotating velocity in a stepping motor driven with a constant frequency. The model is required because it can indicates analytically the pattern of transient response in the conventional mechanical vibration theory. A derivative equation with respect to small deviation of the angular position from the steady state results in Hill's or Mathieu's equation well-known as parametric excitation. From the solutions of the present model, the damped frequency and the amplitude damped ratio for the transient response of rotating velocity are analytically investigated. Furthermore, the calculated results and experimental results by various loads and switching frequencies are compared.View full abstractDownload PDF (812K) -
Noriyuki Koreta, Hironari Okitomo, Kenji Tsumura, Shinsuke Tsuda, Ken ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1347-1352
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the new feed control method-the modified inverse transfer function control method-of the numerically controlled machine tool to guarantee the geometrical accuracy of three-dimensional surface at very high feed speed.The method makes it possible to eliminate theoretically the feed servo error which is generated in feedback control and feedforward servo control. The control devices developed by the method consist of five 32 bits microcomputers which read numerical control command in advance, make interpolation for smoothing by hzier curve, calculate constantly acceleration and feed rate, control the feed rate within a given acceleration and generate the numerical control final command in real time by multiplying inverse transfer functon. As a result, it was confirmed for three axis numerically controlled machining center tokeep the geometrical accuracy of free surface workpiece weighing 98kN within ±0.02mm at feed rate 10m/min.View full abstractDownload PDF (834K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 8 Pages 1353-1357
Published: August 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (786K)
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