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Volume 60, Issue 4
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Toshiaki MASE1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 477-482
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Sao NAGASAWA, Hiromasa SUZUKI1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 483-486
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Tsutomu HASEGAWA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 487-491
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Akihiro MATSUMOTO1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 492-496
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
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Kuniko INOUE1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 497-501
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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The Difficulties of Practical Scheduling Problem and Solving for It-1Nobuyuki UENO, Yoshihiro NAKAGAWA, Shigeru SOTOJIMA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 502-507
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Hiromasa SUZUKI, Ichiro TANAKA, Fumihiko KIMURA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 509-513
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA form-feature based representation Of mechanical products is essential to develop more useful CAD/CAM systems. Although a large number of studies have been made on modeling form features, there still remain many unresolved issues. In this paper focus is brought into additive features of which typical examples are holes, slots and bosses. Since those features are added to or subtracted from the shape of the product, modeling approaches based on boolean set operations are often taken to implement the feature modeling system on top of a solid modeling system. It is discussed that those approaches have problems that are mainly caused by interactions between form features. A new CSG based modeling framework is proposed in which we can explicitly describe and control those interactions.View full abstractDownload PDF (871K) -
Cutter Path GenerationTsukasa KONDO, Katsumasa SAITO, Takashi MIYOSHI, Norihiro NANBA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 514-518
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to develop a flexible machining system based on non-contact digitizing data of a master model. This paper presents a procedure of generating a cutter path for each surface element, which consititutes the master model. The procedure is as follows: (1) A master model is decomposed into some surface elements. (2) A surface element is fitted to quadric surface, and the quadric equation is transformed to NURBS equation. (3) An offset surface is created by the Inverse Offset Method which is available for any tool shape. (4) To generate a cutter location data (x, y, z), the coordinate x and y are calculated from NURBS equation, and the coordinate z is obtained by the offset surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (1257K) -
Controlling a Curve Shape and Generating a Space CurveMasatake HIGASHI, Hiroyuki KAWABATA, Hitoshi MOHRI1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 519-523
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report presents a method which enables a designer to control a curve shape with smooth curvature variation and also a method for generating a space curve from two projected curves. Acording to designer's indication for changing a tangent direction on a point of a curve and a parameter for displacement along the normal direction, the system generates an evolute consisting of two 2nd-degree rational Bézier curves and displays a curvature profile and a curvature plot of its involute. The desinger decides the curve shape, in real-time observing these results. A space curve is represented as G2 NURBS which is determined from an intersection curve of tabcyl surfaces using its tangent directions, osculating planes and curvature values.View full abstractDownload PDF (1097K) -
Jun OTA, Takashi KOEZUKA, Hidenobu ARITA, Takeshi NAKAMURA, Ken TOMIYA ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 524-529
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEngineering drawings on paper have several disadvantages; they require a large storage space, are subject to deterioration, and are difficult to reuse. Several systems have been proposed to convert drawings to computer data. Most of them, however, rely on simple bottom-up algorithms and are very time-consuming because they must depend on human intervention for resolving recognition bottlenecks. Here, an automatic recognition system of mechanical engineering drawings for this paper-CAD conversion is proposed. It utilizes an enhanced bottom-up scheme for component recognition and a top-down scheme to identify valid component structures. Processing units are realized as individual experts and are integrated using a blackboard data system. This structure makes the proposed system robust to both noise and variations of drawings format and allows parallel implementation. Experimental results show that the system works well on the drawings with connected elements such as character strings and dimension lines.View full abstractDownload PDF (1067K) -
Kiwamu TAKAHASHI, Hiromasa SUZUKI, Fumihiko KIMURA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 530-534
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA major concern of mechanical designers in tolerancing, is understanding effects of geometrical errors on product's functionalities. The following three steps of tolerancing procedures with computers are necessary: 1. generate error models for nominal models, 2, analyze the effect of geometrical errors. and 3, determine tolerance specification and change the nominal shape models. In this paper, the second issue is discussed. Amongst various functionalities of mechanical products, motion of a part, which is functionally fundamental and sensitive to geometrical errors, is selected. A dynamic simulation method is developed, by which calculation of rigid body motion of a polyhedral object is possible. A motion path is generated by integrating the motion equations, along, which the contact state is dynamically changed. By giving simplified geometrical errors to the object's shape, estimation of the distortion of the motion path is possible. This leads to evaluation of the robustness of product design shapes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1064K) -
Ushio Sangawa, Masaki Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Takeuchi, Yoshito Nakanishi, ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 535-538
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExcimer laser lithography is promising as next-generation semiconductor lithography because of its shorter wavelength of exposure light. However, due to the restriction of available optical materials, the projection lens which is specifically designed for narrow band excimer laser beam has much greater chromatic aberration against visible light. So, a TTL (Through The Lens) alignment system using visible light had a difficulty in applying to this type of projection lens. At this time, by means of introducing a compactly designed chromatic aberration correction lens, and optical heterodyne method, above-mentioned difficulty was removed. High accurate overlay accuracy of 3742nm ( x+3σ) was obtained on the developed excimer laser lithography system. Also this paper shows some discussions on the non-linearity feature of heterodyne interferometers.View full abstractDownload PDF (970K) -
Control of Five degrees-of-freedom Axis Motion except the Axis RotationKaiji SATO, Takafumi BESSHO, Toshisuke OZAKI, Oswaldo HORIKAWA, Shinji ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 539-543
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this research is to develop the air rotary bearing which has the following capability: (1) compensation of motion errors of the axis (high accuracy), (2) reduction of motion errors and residual vibrations which external disturbances cause (high stiffness and high vibration damping), (3) control of five degrees-of-freedom axis motion of the rotating axis (new function). To realize these, the authors have proposed an "Active Air Rotary Bearing" (AARB). In this report, a control system with PID-PD controllers is designed to control the five degrees-of-freedom axis motion. By using the control system, the AARB achieves; (1) 10nm positioning resolutions (x, y, z directions), 0.02arcsec positioning resolutions (φΨ directions), (2) almost infinite static stiffness and increased damping capability, (3) compensation of motion errors of the rotating axis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1149K) -
Shuhua Wang, Aiguo Ming, Hiroshi Makino, Akira Shimizu1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 544-548
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA teaching robot has been developed for the purpose of sophisticated teaching operations, such as to input technical skill of artist or artisan when machining industrial art objects. To realize easy operation, the teaching robot is constructed with a seven D.O.F. articulated mechanism and a two D.O.F. working table, in total has nine D.O.F. To improve teaching accuracy, error analysis and calibration for all geometric parameters are performed. As the results of experiments, an accuracy of 0.75mm(±3σ) by the teaching robot has been obtained. In this paper, error analysis of the teaching robot and geometric error model of it are discussed. Calibration algorithm and accuracy estimation are described also. Finally, an example of teaching and playback is shown.View full abstractDownload PDF (1051K) -
Theoretical FoundationNahmgyoo CHO, Tadao TSUKADA, Masaaki TAKAHASHI1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 549-553
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents the theoretical foundation of the two new techniques which correct the orientation of specimen surfacein area of5.6mm×5.6mm to measure three-dimensional rough surface. These techniques control the orientation of center plane such that roughness profiles situatewithin the measuring range by using profile data of small area. The basic process is to know the orientation of center plane by two center lines of roughness profiles. One of two named as the method I uses two measuring lines perpendicular to each other, and another named as the method II uses two parallel measuring lines. This paper gives the algorithm to get their optimum measuring lengths.View full abstractDownload PDF (1018K) -
Wei GAO, Satoshi KIYONO, Eiki OKUYAMA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 554-558
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the profile measurement using software datum, it is not avoidable to suffer the error due to zero adjustment of multiple sensors. This error causes a parabolic error to the software datum line. Previously this zero adjustment is performed by measuring a given reference straightness. Theoretically the length of reference surface must he as long as the measured surface. This requirement makes the applications of software datum for the ultra-precision measurement narrow because the reference with sufficient accuracy can not be obtained. In this paper a new method is proposed to estimate the difference among zero points of multiple sensors by using only the data of profile measurement of the workpiece. This new method does not require any reference surface or any reversal measurement process. Experimental results with differential laser autocollimation method show that the reproducibility of the measurement of a mirror of 50 mm long was better than 30 nm which is equivalent to the highest accuracy expected from the thermal drift and the SN ratio of the sensor output.View full abstractDownload PDF (814K) -
Discussion of Experimental Results on the Basis of Geometrical Analysis of Cutting Edge ConfigurationKazuo KASAIIARA, Akihiko KASAHARA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 559-564
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the 1st part of this investigation, various shaped drills which have straight or circular cutting edges at the chisel edge portion and concave or convex cutting edges at the main cutting edge portion have been analyzed geometrically. Expressions for inclination angle and normal rake angle along the cutting edge have been obtained. In this paper, the experimental results on the cutting forces and chip formation such as chip flow angle and normal shear angle are shown and discussed on the basis of the results of geometrical analysis. It is possible to treat and explain qualitatively the cutting phenomena in drilling with various shaped drills under the given cutting conditions. It is found that the distribution of inclination angle along the cutting edge influences greatly on the formation of broken chips and the magnitude of thrust force, and Stabler's chip flow rule does not give the first approximate relation along the cutting edge when the main cutting edges of a drill are curved ones. Furthermore, as a result of the analysis and experiment, effective cutting edge configurations for the chip breaking and the reduction of thrust force are deduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (1233K) -
Simulation of Finite Amplitude Chatter VibrationHiroyuki SASAHARA, Toshiyuki OBIKAWA, Takahiro SHIRAKASHI, Eiji USUI1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 565-569
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFinite amplitude chatter vi brat ion can be attributed to the non-linearities of cutting processes and machine tools. It was reported in the previous paper that shear localized chip formation during chatter vibration reduces the input energy from cutting system to the vibratory system to realize finite amplitude vibration. In this paper, finite amplitude chatter vibration is simulated in time domain using the dynamic cutting models developed previously. The vibratory system with 1 degree of freedom, which is vertical to cutting direction, is assumed. The non-linearity of damping coefficient to amplitude is also taken into account. The coefficient under certain amplitude is obtained by the balance of input and dessipation enegy of vibratory system. The amplitude of steady state chatter vibration simulated for various width of cut is in good agreement with experimental results. Vibrating cutting forces both of simulation and experiment have large power at higher order frequencies of basic diatter frequency. This is caused by non-linearity of dynamic cutting process.View full abstractDownload PDF (886K) -
Toyoshiro INAMURA, Nobuhiro TAKEZAWA, Yasuhiro KUMAKI1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 570-575
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method by which to transform quantities of an atomic model to those of a continuum one, and vice versa has been proposed. The method is based on an idea that the displacement at a point in a continuum model should be a weighted mean of those of surrounding atoms in the corresponding atomic model, while stress values should have the inverse relation so as to preserve strain energy between the two models. The continuum model is then discretized by the Finite-Element Method so that matrix equations for the transformation are derived. These equations have been applied to the results of atomic-model-based simulation of nanoscale cutting to evaluate the stress and strain distributions in nanoscale cutting. The results show that the strain distribution is not very different from that of macroscale cutting but that there is almost no concentrated shear stress in the primary shear zone in nanoscale cutting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1135K) -
Turning Processes Identification Using Syntax Analysis ApproachHiroshi KAWABATA, Keiichi SHIRASE, Kouichi SASAYAMA, Yoshio FUJIMURA, ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 576-580
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe turning process recognizer has been developed for identifying turning processes written in an NC program implicitly. Based on the machining information such as NC program, blank part shape and tool shape, the recognizer outputs process names contained in the NC program and cutting parameters used in each cutting process identified. The recognizer uses the syntax analysis approach in which "Operation Syntax" is used for representing turning processes valid for lathe work. "Operation Syntax" is expressed in BNF (Buckus Normal Form) notation and used to define the hierarchical relations between the process components of lathe work. The recognizer works successfully as the preprocessor for the NC program diagnosis system. By using the recognizer, the diagnosis system can apply the most suitable diagnostic knowledge to recognized turning processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1210K) -
Kazumasa KONO, Noboru MORITA, Yoshitaro YOSHIDA, Satoshi KISHIMOTO1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 581-585
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the influence of tool angles, especially rake angles, on the surface integrity of mirror cutting material. In this study, strain distribution in damaged layer is measured by a newly developed method. This method is applied electron beam lithography to drawing Au micro grids on the surface of oxygen free copper. Orthogonal cutting of specimen using various rake angle tools are carried out using a micro cutting device. It was found that strain distribution had close connection with tool geometry, and that highly compressed strain to vertical direction from machined surface was shown on the condition of negative rake angle tool. This method is effective to visualize cutting mechanism and material deformation at microscopic structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1663K) -
Tribological Study on the Manufacturing of Metallic Corrugated Diaphragms by Ball Rotating with Thrust Load FormingIchiro HIRATA, Toshio IIKURA, Isamu KASAMATSU, Hiroshi FURUKAWA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 586-590
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with a tribological study on the normal and the tangential forces which act on the thin metallic plate by ball rotating with thrust load forming. This forming can make metallic corrugated diaphragms under very small thrust loads without using blank holders. As the forming mechanism by means of the rotating is a dynamic behavior contained frictional phenomena, the tangential force is calculated by the adhesion theory, and the normal force is evaluated from the consideration of the combined stresses. The values of the theoretical study are in good agreement with the experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K) -
Atsushi HIRATA, Takahiro UCHIDA, Masanori YOSHIKAWA1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 591-595
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of electrodes arrangement of the arc discharge plasma jet CVD apparatus on the growth rate and the shape of diamond films have been investigated. Moreover, the state of plasma has been estimated by emission spectrochemical analysis. An arc discharge plasma jet CVD apparatus which has a cathode and three anodes has been used to generate a plasma consists of methane, hydrogen and argon gases. As a result, the growth rate, the deposition area and the thickness of diamond films have increased with increasing the discharge distance in the radial direction of the plasma jet. However, diamond films have been thicker at the center independent of the electrodes arrangement.View full abstractDownload PDF (1411K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1994 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 596-598
Published: April 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (656K)
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