Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering
Online ISSN : 1882-675X
Print ISSN : 0912-0289
ISSN-L : 0912-0289
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Volume 79, Issue 6
Displaying 1-30 of 30 articles from this issue
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Special Issue: Emerging Technologies in Design Interface
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Paper
  • Deterioration of the Lubricant for Hydrodynamic Grooved Bearing
    —A Difference of Simple Heat Deterioration of the Lubricant and the Deterioration by Consecutive Driving in the Bearing—
    Hideaki OHNO, Susumu MATSUMOTO
    2013 Volume 79 Issue 6 Pages 523-528
    Published: June 05, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.523
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Hydrodynamic grooved bearings are widely used in the HDD(Hard Disk Drive) mechanism for rotary precision, noise reduction, and superior shock-resistance. Therefore, many studies have been made, but most of them have dealt with the bearing design or vibration analysis. This report studies the viscosity increase of the lubricant that affects the life of the hydrodynamic grooved bearing, which compares the viscosity increase in the continuous driving test in the bearing with that in the accelerated high temperature test. The viscosity increase of the lubricant in the accelerated high temperature test is bigger than that in the continuous driving test in the bearing. Both tests generate the same materials. So, Marangoni effect causes the smaller viscosity increase of the lubricant in the continuous driving test in the bearing. The temperature gradient in the bearing causes the low evaporate materials with high viscosity to move to the gas-liquid boundary, which prevents the low viscous material from evaporating, resulting in the smaller viscosity increase. Therefore, the life of the lubricant in the bearing is longer than what is expected by Arrhenius equation in the accelerated high temperature test.
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  • Application of Deposition Technique by the Applied Surface Discharge Plasma for Hard Carbon Thin Films
    Kiyotoshi FUJII, Masayoshi SHIMIZU, Shozo INOUE
    2013 Volume 79 Issue 6 Pages 529-534
    Published: June 05, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.529
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    We have been studying the Pulsed Plasma Deposition (PPD) technique for applying Diamond-Like Carbon film deposition. This technique is one of the applications of the surface discharge, and the deposition process is based on an ablation. In this technique, pulsed electron and plasma beams irradiate the target through the discharge tube and make plume on the target. Ablated particles from the target are deposited as the thin films on the substrate. Until now, this technique has not yet been applied to produce the DLC film. We have tried to apply this technique without using an intermediate layer of a metal thin films and without heating the substrate to grow the DLC films with higher hardness and quality. As a result, when the discharge voltage has been applying at -13kV, hardness of deposited the DLC films was measured to be about 90GPa, sp3-contents of the DLC films was measured to be 80% by NEXAFS, surface of the DLC films was observed to be smooth by FE-SEM and adhesion to the substrate was about 80N. We conclude from the above results that the PPD technique can be one of the superior technique for producing DLC films with high hardness, smooth surface and high adhesion.
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  • Study on Machined Surface Defect and Chip Separation Mechanism of Single-phase Metal
    Sakae KATAYAMA
    2013 Volume 79 Issue 6 Pages 535-539
    Published: June 05, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.535
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    A study is presented of the machined surface defect and the chip separation mechanism when five sorts of single-phase metals were machined to find a common regularity to them. Industrial pure metal Al, Ti and Fe, and JIS SUS304 and quenched-tempered JIS S55C that are single-phase at cutting temperature were machined with carbide tool K10. Following common regularities among them are found. The unit of cutting is the micro-cutting by WC particle of the carbide tool and the machined surface is created by those accumulations. The cause of the surface defect is slip bands and grooved defects made by WC particles, and the surface roughness Rz caused by these defects is several μm at most. The chip separation is caused by the accumulation of a dislocation. When work material is single phase metal, it was shown that the machined surface defect and the chip separation mechanism are able to be predicted without cutting.
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  • Machining Characteristics of Insulating AlN Ceramics by Micro EDM
    Kensei KANEKO, Ken YAMASHITA, Yasushi FUKUZAWA
    2013 Volume 79 Issue 6 Pages 540-546
    Published: June 05, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.540
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    As a sintered AlN ceramics material have the superior thermal conductivity and high electrical insulation properties. However, AlN is too brittle to machine for the precise and micro product by mechanical machining method, the application field is restricted. On the other hand, many insulating ceramic materials could be machined precisely by EDM with the assisting electrode method. As reported before, the removal rate of high thermal conductivity material such as AlN, SiC, and diamond is lower than other insulating materials. In this research, to obtain the better machining properties on the sintered AlN ceramics, effects of tool electrode polarity and working fluid in RC discharge circuit were investigated on the electrical discharge machining characteristics. As a result, the higher removal rate and the larger electrode wear ratio were shown in the tool electrode polarity of positive. Moreover, aluminum element was observed as the component element of electrical conductive layer on the machined surface. Using the decomposed aluminum layer as the electrical conductive layer, an AlN could be EDMed in demineralized water instead of working oil. The removal rate and tool electrode wear ratio in deionized water was three times higher and three times lower respectively than that of working oil.
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  • Evaluation of Cutting Force of Thin Films for Cutting Tools with the Wettability
    Hiroki HASHIKURA, Yoshiaki MORISADA, Hidetoshi FUJII, Kazutaka KANDA, ...
    2013 Volume 79 Issue 6 Pages 547-551
    Published: June 05, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.547
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    In this study, a new evaluation method of thin films for cutting tools with the wettability is proposed. The wettability is measured in order to evaluate the adhesion of work materials to cutting tools that may occur during the cutting work. Using liquid metal of pure iron and nine types of thin film; TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiSiN, TiBON, CrN, CrSiN, AlCrSiN coated substrates, the contact angle was determined using the sessile drop method. The cutting force measurement was also carried out with the thin film coated drills and carbon steel as work material. The cutting force was changed with the type of thin films and the values was in good agreement with the change of contact angle. The lowest cutting force and the highest contact angle was obtained for TiAlN film and usefulness of this film in drilling of carbon steel was confirmed. Consequently, it was revealed that this method was effective for the evaluation of suitability of work material and thin films.
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  • Composite Artificial Neural Network
    —Selection-type Neural Network Ensembles in Dynamic System Control by Unsupervised Learning—
    Ryosuke OOE, Ikuo SUZUKI, Masahito YAMAMOTO, Masashi FURUKAWA
    2013 Volume 79 Issue 6 Pages 552-558
    Published: June 05, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.552
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    This paper describes a novel method of combining artificial neural networks (ANNs), the composite artificial neural network (CANN), to improve performance of evolving ANNs (EANNs) in dynamic system control problems. Methods of combining ANNs by majority voting or averaging are not effective in controlling dynamic systems by EANNs. Unsupervised learning of EANNs is mathematically described, and then it is shown that the reason for ineffectiveness depends on the mechanism of evaluating ANNs indirectly by states. To avoid this problem, the CANN selects the suitable ANN by a high-level ANN to combine some ANNs. In numerical experiments, a flapping flight model is controlled by a common EANN and the CANN. The model motion is calculated by physical engine PhysX, and a common EANN and the CANN are optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) respectively. The experiments show that the average evaluation of the CANN is 6.46% higher than that of a common EANN for the same computational time.
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  • Levitation and Deformation Characteristics of Thin Glass Substrate on Non-Contact Aerostatic Conveyer
    Naoki OIWA, Tomoko HIRAYAMA, Takashi MATSUOKA, Hiroshi YABE
    2013 Volume 79 Issue 6 Pages 559-564
    Published: June 05, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.559
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    A non-contact aerostatic conveyer was recently proposed to quickly feed and inspect large glass substrates for liquid crystal display. The air conveyer supports the glass substrates by compressed air film and then feeds them through while keeping them clean compared to a conventional roller conveyer. The glass substrate in the latest generation is over 3 m square, and its thickness is less than 0.7 mm. Such thin and large glass substrates are expected to easily deform due to pressure distribution in the air film. Aim of this study is to investigate the levitation and deformation characteristics of glass substrates on a non-contact aerostatic conveyer with inherent orifice restrictors and to establish a calculation method to predict the glass sheet deformation with high accuracy. The deformation behavior of glass sheet on air film was investigated numerically by using the compressible Reynolds equation and Timoshenko's thin plate theory. Numerical results were compared with experimental ones to ascertain the validity of the calculation method. It was found that the glass sheet was easily deformed with a wavy shape by the pressure distribution of the air film. Experimental and numerical results showed almost the same trend.
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  • Detection of Finger-Waving Movements using Discrete Fourier Transform and its Application for Equipments Control
    Hidetsugu ASANO, Takeshi NAGAYASU, Tatsuya ORIMO, Kenji TERABAYASHI, M ...
    2013 Volume 79 Issue 6 Pages 565-570
    Published: June 05, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.79.565
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this paper, a method to detect slight finger-waving from images is proposed. The proposed method converts input images to low-resolution intensity images. To obtain the amplitude spectrum, the method applies windowed-Fourier transform to time series of each pixel in the low-resolution images. The difference value of the amplitude spectrum between 2Hz and the peak of 3 to 6Hz is accumulated as an evaluation value. If the evalutaion value becomes above the threshold value, the pixel is detected as a point with finger-waving movement. The proposed method can detect even slight finger-waving. A gesture interface system using the proposed method with multiple cameras is constructed. The system obtains 3D position of the finger-waving. The position is related to some command and the system controls the equipment.
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