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Volume 60, Issue 5
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
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Takohiro SHIRAKASHI1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 611-613
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Katsuhiro MAEKAWA, Takahiro SHIRAKASHI1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 614-619
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
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Akihiko HIROTA, Keiji MANABE1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 620-624
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
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Takeeki KITAGAINA, Kanii UEDA1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 625-630
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Tornio SHIMADA, Atsushi ENDO1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 631-635
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Noriyuki KORETA, Tsuneo EGAWA1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 636-640
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Toshiyuki OBIKAWA, Takashi MATSUMURA1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 641-646
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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Itsurou TAKAHAMA1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 647-651
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is difficult to obtain simultaneously functions of easy walking and stability standing in a design of prosthesis foot. The former is always omitted in the most of conventional one. A design of prosthesis foot that has these functions and device for changing heel height was proposed. Furthermore, the rubber spring device was provided to give an action of ankle joint. The results of field trial show that both of below knees amputee can run, walk a slope and stairs and used the high heel shoes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1549K) -
Noriyuki Koreta, Kazuo Jinno, Tadashi Rokkaku, Keiji Mizuta, Ken Watan ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 652-656
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thermoelectric cooling method for the main spindle of a machine tool is proposed in the study. The experimental results show that the thermoelectric cooling method contributes to decrease the temperature at many different places of the spindle considerably more than that of the jacket and also to reduce the thermal displacement of the spindle. These results are confirmed analytically by use of the finite element method. The analytical results show also that smaller temperature difference between the jacket and spindle causes increase of preload at the spindle bearing at very high spindle rotation and its slight decrease at low spindle rotation. This suggest the possibility of very high spindle rotation which is also proved experimentally.View full abstractDownload PDF (1104K) -
Osami ICHIKO, Naoya HAMADA, Katsuhiro MINAMIDA1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 657-661
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new optical system for controlling spatial profile of laser beam has been developed. The principle of the system controls independently transverse and longitudinal diameters of the laser beam. The system consists of cylindrical mirrors and integration mirrors which focus the beam in directions perpendicularly intersecting with each other. In order to investigate the focusing property of the optical system, a calculating model for predicting beam paths through the optical system has beendeveloped using the ray tracing method. According to the model, three typical optical systems for a line shape focused beam have been designed-(1), two cylindrical mirrors, (2) one cylindrical mirror and one integration mirror, and (3) one cylindrical mirror and one integration mirror with convex segments. After laser heating experiments of steel by using these optical systems, it has been proved that they are useful in actual industrial applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (3630K) -
Compensation for Illumination Optical System ErrorsTatsuhiko HIGASHIKI1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 662-666
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes studies on the overlay error budgets caused by an illumination optical system for an excimer laser aligner using TTL (through the lens) alignment. Illumination errors, such as chip rotation, magnification, trapezoid, and distortion have been analyzed and estimated. It was demonstrated that the total error of the illumination optical system was required to be better than 0.035 μm to satisfy the positioning strategy for a 0.05 μm(3σ) overlay accuracy. Several compensation methods using global alignment, a reticle stage, and a Z-tilt sensor have been developed and adopted to the aligner to reduce these overlay errors. As a result, it was obtained experimentally that the total overlay error of the illumination optical system satisfied better than 0.035 μm.Moreover, the excimer laser aligner showed excellent performances with a better than 0.03 μm(3σ) overlay accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1096K) -
Yongjin Piao, Masaharu Takano, Ken Sasaki1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 667-672
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn PTP motion of a robot, usually the velocity at the destination is assumed to be zero and the time is not specified explicitly. However, there are situations where time and even velocity must be specified explicitly at the desired position. Such control will be called state-to-state(STS) control. Althouth this can be attained by CP motion, continuous control along the specified trajectory impedes fast motion. In this paper, STS control is applied to a SCARA type robot to achieve juggling with two balls, where tossing and catching correspond to the two states. Furthermore, real-time learning control is incorporated with STS control in order to cope with variation in time, position and velocity of tossing and catching. More than ten consecutive juggling has been achieved successfully.View full abstractDownload PDF (1038K) -
Kazuyoshi SUGIHARA, Yoshiaki AKAMA, Eiji NISHIMURA, Akira SAKAI1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 673-677
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn electron beam of the scanning electron microscope was utilized to fabricate a microtip on an atomic force microscope cantilever via electron beam deposition process. This newly developed method makes it possible to prepare a long straight tip less than 0.1 μm in diameter and a few μm in length. The high aspect ratio of these tips was found to be quite useful for obtaining correct shape of highly corrugated patterns like trenches, which are not accessible by conventional tips.View full abstractDownload PDF (5562K) -
Simulation and Experimental VerificationNahmgyoo CHO, Tadao TSUKADA, Masaaki TAKAHASHI1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 678-682
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the method I is compared with the method II. The method I is developed in the 1st report to control surface orientation by using two measuring lines perpendicular to each other and the method II by two parallel measuring lines. The results are as follows. (1)The measuring length for control data in the method I increases for anisotropic rough surface under the condition that the angle between measuring direction and lay orientation of asperities is less than 15°. (2)The measuring length for control data in the method II decreases as the coefficient k2 depending on a stylus speed decreases. (3)Both of the measuring length and the objective function showing measuring time in the method II are shorter than those in the method I for isotropic and anisotropic rough surfaces. Finally, the method II is better technique than the method I.View full abstractDownload PDF (966K) -
Noboru NONIURA, Tetsuya SUTO, Hosei NOGUCHI1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 683-687
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method is proposed for compensation of fluctuations in scanning speed of surface profile curves of ground parts. In the measuring of machined surfaces with the stylus method, the scanning speed of a stylus for the measurement of machine surfaces can fluctuate and the observed curves inevitably have errors in the scanning direction. This is not fatal in analysis of a single curve, however, in three dimensional analysis using plural curves, the existence of these fluctuations is critical. Compensation of the scanning length is required, in this case, to characterize machined surfaces. The method proposed identifies the positions on a profile which were formed by same abrasives, and enable the fluctuated profile curves to be used for effective three dimensional analysis. The identification of shapes formed by a same abrasive is important to analyze the behavior of abrasives on a grinding wheel. The method is based on the concept of minimization of an index function, which is designed to evaluate the differences of a couple of curves. Using this method, periodicity on a ground surface due to rotation of a grinding wheel was isolated, which is not perceptible without compensation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1152K) -
Shinya NAKAMURA, Yoshiaki KAKINO1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 688-692
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe following deals with the static and dynamic specification of the motor integrated spindle. This spindle unit has a fixed position and constant pressure preload switching mechanism operated using hydraulic pressure. With respect to the static specification, measurement of the static rigidity and natural frequency confirms that preload switching occurs. The performance of the rotating spindle was evaluated using a fixed position preload for low speeds provided high rigidity, while using a constant pressure preload provided sufficient high speed performance. A bench test was carried out to evaluate temperature and runout characteristics and further tests were performed in an actual machining process. Both tests showed that the switching of the spindle's preload provided sufficient performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (819K) -
Wear of Single Crystal Diamond Tools on Various Kinds of Crystallographic OrientationKenjiro UEGAMI, Kwang Kyun JANG, Kentaro TAMAMURA, Mikio WAKABAYASHI, ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 693-697
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSingle crystal diamond cutting tools having various crystallographic orientation were prepared. The route of crystallographic orientation between rake and flank faces of these tools were calculated, and illustrated by diagrams of unit triangle zones on the diamond reference sphere represented by Mercator's projection. Magnesium-aluminum and silicon-aluminum alloy as work were cut by these tools, and the tool wears and cutting forces were measured. The following properties became evident after examining the experimental results. The shapes and widths of tool wear and cutting forces varied each others by the crystallographical anisotropy. The measured values were depended on not only the crystallographic orientations of rake and flank faces but also routes between these two faces. The minimum wear and relative small cutting forces took place on the tool whose rake face was identified with the {100} plane and whose inverse direction was coincided with <100> direction. The minimum forces and relative small wear occurred on the tool with {110} plane and <100> direction.View full abstractDownload PDF (4564K) -
Finished Profiles at Convex and Concave CornersSeiji HIRAI, Yuji FURUKAWA, Munehiko YOKOGAWA1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 698-702
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn anisotropic etching of single crystal silicon, the combination of covex and concave corner mask patterns are often used, however, these finished profiles are damaged due to an effect of corner etching (unexpected etching at corner mask pattern). The present paper has predicted the accuracy of finished profiles with the corner etching process based on the reaction cage effect theory in the previous paper and proposed a new computer simulation algorithm, by which it became possible to evaluate an effect of compensation mask pattern.View full abstractDownload PDF (1162K) -
Masahiro HIGUCHI, Akishige YANO, Yukinori TERAIIAMA, Hirokazu NANNO1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 703-707
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new off-line predicting control system is developed in order to finish the workpiece to the required size accuracy at the desired grinding cycle time. On the basis of the mathematical model of stock removal, the interval regression model of the wheel wear rate or the size generation acceleration and the fuzzy linear programming, the setting parameters of the two plunge speeds grinding cycle are decided. This paper describes the algorithms to obtain the optimum setting parameters, and shows the grinding results which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1140K) -
Hitoshi TOKURA, Hiroshi YAMANE, Masanori YOSHIKAWA1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 708-712
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the behavior of a La -Ni alloy film in the pressured hydrogen atmosphere. The film has been obtained by sputtering the patched target with a Ni foil on a La plate by argon ion beam. By varying the patched area of the target, influences of the deposition conditions on the deposits have been studied. Also the deposition process has been observed. The film was deposited on the epoxy resin substrate opposite side of a strain gage to evaluate the deformation characteristics of the film in the hydrogen atmosphere. The evaluations were carried out under the cycles of 1.5MPa hydrogen and vacuum atmosphere. The results obtained are as follows: La-Ni film can absorb hydrogen, and the film deformation depends on the hydrogen pressure even if the film is in the mixed gas atmosphere, no cracks can be found by SEM observation after 20 times of pressuring and evacuating cycle.View full abstractDownload PDF (3312K) -
Development of the High Speed Soldering Process by a New Beam-Scanning TechniqueKohei MURAKAMI, Akira ADACHI, Jitsuho HIROTA, Osamu HAYASHI, Susumu HO ...1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 713-717
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the development of a new laser soldering technique for surface mount assemblies. The new technique, using a focused YAG laser beam, has a superior performance. It can be applied to TCP (Tape Carrier Package) assemblies for fine pitch leads and offers a no-bridge soldering process. A new beam-scanning technique was used to accomplish a high speed soldering process. First, the performance of preheating method was evaluated, and this method proved most effective in TCP assembly. Second, to obtain more flexibility in assembly, the new beam-scanning technique, which provided beam-resting time on pads of PCB (Printed Circuit Board), was investigated. The beam-resting time was determined by theoretical and experimental analysis of solder melting volume. From these results, it was shown that the new laser soldering beam-scanning technique offers the capability to assemble high lead counts and fine pitch leads such as TCP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1318K) -
The Measurement of Motion Accuracy of 5 Axis Machine by DBB TestYoshiaki KAKINO, Yukitoshi IHARA, Koki SATOU, Hisashi OTSUBO1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 718-722
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method to measure the motion accuracy of NC machine with rotary axes was studied by using DBB test device. Recently, the machines, called "5 axis machine", which has some rotary axes on the table or spindle, are used increasingly. First, the rotating error components of the rotary axes are analyzed before DBB measurement. Next, measuring methods for each error components by using DBB test device were studied. Then, these measurements are performed on actual machines. The result shows that the errors which are very difficult to measure without this method, i.e. the mismatch of the loop gain between straight axis and rotary axis, dynamic index error, could be measured with high accuracy and high efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (1069K) -
Estimation of Cutting Tool Life by Processing Image Data with Neural NetworkMasanori Takuma, Toshiroh Shibasaka, Akio Yamamoto, Toshio Teshima1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 723-727
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the advanced manufacturing, it is necessary for the improvement of machining efficiency to select an optimum tool at eachcutting process by tool management. Then, one of the most important issues is to estimate the rest of cutting tool life under a given cutting condition as accurately as possible. In this paper, a structural model based on neural network is proposed to estimate the life and the wear type of cutting tools from their image data and cutting conditions. The input of the model is (1) the states of crater wear and flank wear to cutting tool (e.g. grade of brightness caused by surface roughness, profile), obtained as image data, and (2) the cutting conditions. This system consists of the model based on neural network and image processing device. The output of the system was examined by the experiments under various cutting conditions in turning and the validity of the system was confirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (7391K) -
Masatoshi Niizeki, Fumikazu Konishi, Makoto Yoshida, Fujio Yamaguchi1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 728-732
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn intersection detection method for geometric modeling based on signed homogeneous coordinate is presented. Fundamental geometric objects such as line segments, triangles, tetrahedra and their duals are redefined using a signed homogeneous coordinate representation. These sets of points and planes are defined in a three-dimensional two-sided space. Then a method of geometric intersection detection between these sets is derived based solely on sign tests of determinants. This method has applications such as intersection detection of rational parametric curves and surfaces, and hidden line/surface removal algorithms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1065K) -
Nobuyuki OKUBO, Yoji FUKUI1994 Volume 60 Issue 5 Pages 733-737
Published: May 05, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experimental modal analysis is widely utilized to analyze the dynamic behaviors of a complex mechanical system. However in order to find components which contribute largely to the total deformation at specific frequencies, the mode shape animation as a result of conventional modal analysis is not good enough. On the contrary, if a precise finite element model of the system is available, which is very seldom, the strain energy distribution of components gives a good insight which components contribute to the total deformation. This paper describes a practical and simple method based on the results of modal analysis to determine such strain energy distribution. After being verified by a numerical model, the method is applied to simple structures and finally an automobile suspension system to show the effectiveness.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K)
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