From the measurements of the spectral transmittance of NaCl water solution used to working fluid of solar pond, taking salinity concentration and air mass of solar radiation into consideration, first the total transmittance was calculated by integrating over 0.3∼1.2μm of the wavelength for 0∼3m of water depth of the solar pond. Based on the result, next a conventional equation in which three paramenters of salinity concentration C, air mass Am and pond depth X were included was proposed for calculation of the total transmittance of pond water. For 0∼25% of concentration, 1∼5 of air mass and 0∼3m of pond depth, the total transmittance was calculated using the conventional equation, and the result calculated was well compared with the exact calculations by the integral method.

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A remarkable color change of some materials caused by a variation of temperature is called "thermochromism" and the materials having this property are "thermochromic materials". The purpose of the present study is to develop a measuring device of temperature by using thermochromic materials, other a liquid crystal. Relationships were obtained between temperatures and color changes, The first, we developed systems to test thermochromic materials which can measure light from the sample by using a spectrometer and their temperature change simultaneously. Then we examined three thermochromic materials which are phosphor, solution of metal complex, and chiral-nematic liquid crystal. From the spectra, it was found that each relative intensity varied characteristically with temperature change. Then we supposed some parameters which characterize color changes for each thermochromic material. It is found that there are strong correlations between temperature and all the selected parameters. Each thermochromic material shows a diffrerent and unique behavior on spectrum characteristics, although they can not be distinguished with naked eyes. Knowledge of spectrum characteristics for individual thermochromic materials makes it possible to develop a measuring device such as a TV camera with an image processor.

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New measurement methods to determine the thermal diffusivity of thin films without measuring heat characteristics for substrates have been proposed in this paper. We propose two kinds of methods for the measurement of thermal diffusivity of thin film: one for thin film that is placed in contact with front surface of substrate, and the other for thin film that is placed in contact with rear surface of substrate. lt was confirmed that measurement values agreed with reported values within range of error of thickness measurement for thin films.

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