The chemical composition of essential oils from four Piper species,
Piper retrofractum Vahl.,
P. boehmeriaefolium (Miq.) C. DC.,
P. sarmentosum Roxb., and
P. maclurei Merr., were analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nineteen to sixty-four compounds representing 92.0%-98.4% of the total contents were identified in the oil samples. The major constituents identified in
P. retrofractum leaf oil were benzyl benzoate (14.4%), myrcene (14.4%), bicycloelemene (9.9%), bicyclogermacrene (7.0%) and β-caryophyllene (5.3%). On the other hand, the main constituents of
P. boehmeriaefolium were α-copaene (28.3%), α-pinene (7.4%) and 1, 8-cineole (5.7%).
P. sarmentosum showed a very different chemical profile characterized mainly by aromatic compounds and devoid of monoterpene hydrocarbons. The major constituents were benzyl benzoate (49.1%), benzyl alcohol (17.9%), 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid phenylmethyl ester (10.0%) and 2-butenyl-benzene (7.9%). The leaf of
P. maclurei was characterized by higher amount of (
E)-cinnamic acid (37.4%) and (
E)-nerolidol (19.4%). Moreover, (
Z)-9-octadecanoic acid methyl ester (28.0%), (
E)-cinnamyl acetate (17.2%), phytol (12.2%) and (
E)-cinnamaldehyde (8.8%) were the major compounds identified in the stem oil.
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