The S. C. R. B.(Separable Cost Remaining Benefit) Method was designed targeted the multi-purpose reservoir development at T. V. A.(Tennessee Valley Authority) in U. S. A. It is hard for us to solve the all of cost-allocation problem by only this Method. So the many Rocal government, especially the city involve the vitality for the construction the infrastructure want to make the new allocation system.In this study, we propose the new allocation method, and named it The Formed Cost-Allocation Method. And this Method include the share-weight defined by the project committee. And this paper (pick up the case study at Kitakyusyu City), we study the property of this Method.

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There are various methods of creating financial resources for improvement of transport facilities. These are funds from such as the revenues from general taxes of central and local governments, gasoline tax and aircraft fuel tax and so on, which are burden to transportation users, addition to users' charges and fees. And many authorities improve transport facilities. Therefor, it cannot be directory grasped who pays financial resources for improvement.
So, we calculate payers' composition of classified transport facilities, using method of actual payers comparison. As the results, we can compare financial resources among classified transport facilities.

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In order to improve the exactness and the accuracy of evaluating results in AHP, in this paper, inexactness problem in construction of a pairwise comparison matrix is pointed out, and a concept of changeable quantitative value which corresponds to qualitative expression ‘absolute importance’ has been proposed. Furthermore, not only on theory but also on practice, a new construction method of pairwise comparison matrix has been also proposed. Finally, applying to a practical survey on the choice of travel routes, and by four scales and two kinds of calculation methods about weights, the validity and the appropriateness of this method synthetically have been verified in practice.

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We applied multinomial probit model with structural covariance matrix to represent similarity among alternatives in conjoint analysis. Biased parameters may be estimated by logit model when alternatives are not evaluated independently. The conjoint probit model proposed in this paper can be applied for the alternatives which are not produced by orthogonal array.

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This study clarifies whether the users' evaluation structure on coastal spaces varies in the “style of use” and the “users' characteristics”. Through the covariance structure analysis based on the stated preference survey data about the coastal use, there exists a certain level of difference, and the importance is stressed to grasp both the expected style of use and the users' characteristics for better development planning.

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In metropolises, many projects are under construction during the same and overlapping time periods. To convey soil for the projects, much heavy lorry traffic is generated, which causes more seriously urban environmental problems. Some models are developed to coordinate the projects in order to lessen the traffic. However these models can not be applied in practical cases involving many projects because of the limitation of computer memory storage.
In this paper to relax the restriction, a periodical hierarchical calculation method of a surplus soil transport model which was presented by Tomita and Terashima (1996), is developed by applying Dantzig and Wolfe's decomposition principle, and the availability of the calculation method is proved in case study.

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Accelerated industrialization strategies adopted by most of the developing countries in Asia in the post World War II period had been generally successful. However, one of the serious consequences is the ever widening regional disparities within these countries, due to polarization of modern industries in one or few relatively developed regions. The ASEAN countries, especially Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines provide typical examples of the above phenomena. This paper discusses the policy measures adopted by the above countries for decentralization of manufacturing industries from the core region. The role of transportation infrastructure in regional development is assessed along with the above policies.

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In regional input-output analysis, there is a regional trait in the industial linkage patterns. In our past study, we already showed that the regional trait of the industial linkage patterns had enough power to change the goss of the economic impacts. But the structure of the influence by the regional characteristic was not shown clearly. So the objective of this paper is to make the structure of the influence by the regional trait clear.

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The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine an applicability of LOGMAP model to identifying linguistic image of railroad line area. The proposed model focuses on difference in image between common noun and proper noun; it implies that an idividual is expected to make a different response in image to a common noun, for example, “rail” comparing with that to proper noun such as “Hankyu” and “Kintetsu”. In this paper, the reason why those different images are created is discussed through the results obtained from this LOGMAP model. As a typical finding, it is indicated that image of “moutain” as a common noun is different from that of “Rokko-mountain” in Hankyu area and that of “Ikoma-moutain” in Kintetsu area, because of peculiarity in image-connectivity between these moutains and their surrounding things.

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In civil-engineered construction works or regional development projects, it is required to employ such technique or method of designing regional environment or landscape as will ensure adaptation with the local conditions as to nature, history, culture and also as to residents' life style, philosophy and spiritual status. In the present study, the authors developed such design method employing cultural-climate-based approach which fouses on the relationship and interaction between “Seeds”(i. e. regional sources and characteristics of the local cultural climate) and “Depths”(i.e. subconsciousness of local residents). The effectiveness of the design method was confirmed in actual projects.

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This paper discusses about comfortability evaluation of underground space design by semantic differential method which is one of the experimental psychological analysis way. The factor analysis method shows that the factor senses are “touch (feeling)”, “sight” and “hearing” for every group. As result of this method, it becomes evident that the weight of factors are considerably different in the three group.By a estimation of “comfortable-uncomfortable” by the multiple regression analysis method, it is also evident that the “sight” and “touch (feeling)” factors are more influence than the “hearing” factor in professional group, and that the “sight” factor is most influence of the three in amateur and middle group.

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Existing studies on the collective choice processes in planning have not dealt with the situation where each individual doesn't understand his/her interest of alternatives clearly.
In this paper we build a model for the collective choice process with decision by majority with the group. In which the individual's preference is fracturing because of the propensity of following other's preference. As major finding of the model analysis, the strong following propensity makes supporter's distribution for each plans unstable. Also we find that the finally selected plans are not always the alternative that should be potentially ranked at the top.

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Urban renewal projects are mainly motivated by the companies would utilize their own lands, which have been used for factories, warehouses, and so on. The companies form a partnership for the purpose of developing their own lands, through the interactive decision making process. This formation process is unstable because some conflicts possibly happen among the landowners. The government should play the role of arranging this process, since the project can cause the social and economic effects on the surrounding areas. In this paper, we make a mathematical model of the process of formation of partnership by means of cooperative game theory, so that we can understand the mechanism of the process. Thus we analyse the effects of the characteristics and the relation of the landowners to the partnership formation.

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This study proposes a model to estimate the damages by the Hanshi-Awaji great earthquake. The model combines I-O framework with econometric model and estimates indirect damages by the loss of buildings and destruction of transport facilities. Japan has subdivided into four areas considering the magnitude of damages. The damages are evaluated in terms of income loss, unemployment, and changes of inter-regional trade. The results showed that direct and indirect economic damages reached about 13 trillion yen in Japan as a whole and those of some 15% in Hyougo. Validity of the results was confirmed by the accounts statistics.

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In the regional development projects, estimates of demand can be dealt with asa problem of qualitative response. The inference of demands by the Logit model requires huge expenses to acquire the necessary microdata, and it is difficult to acquire the factor information in advance.
Inferring demands can not be dealt with the AHP model which is a decision-making tool for use under indefinite conditions. This report attempts a combination with the Logit model. The results show that the AHP can be a tool for inferring parameters con cerning linear utility function for the Logit model in advance.

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Non-Survey Method is a method of indirectly estimating the input-output table in the region where the table is not prepared. This method is eventually to estimate the input-output table of a small region which is included in the large region of which input output table is available. The majority of Non Survey Methods which have been already proposed and researched use input output coefficient as an index which describes a industrial relationship. However, it has not been explained how tightthe relationships between input-output coefficients of the large region and the small regions are. In this study, input-output tables of a large region and small regions were compared in terms of their input-output coefficients and sharing coefficients. It were conducted for the input output tables in 1990 of the whole country, Kinki District, and four prefectures. The results of analyses admitted that the degree of correlation between input-output coefficients of these regions was high. On the other hand, the sharing coefficients which included in out flow (import, export, shipping in and out) did not show high correlation between these regions. However, the analyses excludingthe in-out flow showed very high correlation between these regions. From these analyses, it was understood that inner region flows in the large region might be the largest cause of this phenomena.

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This study aims to propose an analytical model to examine hidden structure between regions using spatial interaction data. The model employs the multi-dimensional scaling technique and the gravity model of spatial interaction to estimate hidden distances in regional spatial interaction. The model was applied to the passenger and the freight movement in Japanese regions for years 1970-1990 and the validity of the model has been identified

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The parking policy in the core areas of local cities can be regarded as basic means to internalize external (dis) economies stemmed from the consumers' shopping behaviours. In this paper, a market equilibrium model is presented to investigate the market externalities by describing the behaviors consumers, retailers, developers, parking owner and land owners. The normative model is also presented to investigate the relationship between the optimal parking prices and parking capacities.

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As an index to control the density of cities, we noticed both of land-use intensity and Floor-Area-Ratio (FAR) and showed the process of inducing a series of equations to determine the land-use intensity when FAR in the district was given. The relative relationship between plottage and open space was then described by a series of equations using FAR. By these equations, it became possible to present land-use intensity according to given FAR in a district and it also become possible to present a numeric goal of the area density control. Finally, these equations were applied to the whole area of Osaka City and their applicability and limitation were examined and inspected using the data provided for every 500-meter mesh.

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The role of canals as transportation facilities has been changed due to motorization etc. The situations of present canals in Japan and the change of land-use along the canals are analysed for getting a basic data for land-use planning.

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This paper overviews historical trend and recent studies of interregional migration research fields and discusses the problems of previous studies and a future prospect. Research works on migration studies in the past have divided into four research fields. They are, a study of area based migration patterns, analyses of historical trend of migration, that of detailed survey based research, and analysis of migration flow. Since the study field of migration flow is most popular and then further subdivided and reviewed in detail. The problems and/or shortages of those research are pointed out and future perspectives of migration study is discussed.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the change of the character of an area and the transportation network improvement. We first collected the data regarding the increasing rate of the number of the population and industrial employees in Kinki Area. In the basis of those data, we investigated the difference of the rate between the districts where the transportation network is much improved and the ones where not so improved. As a result, this study displays the change of the character is depend upon the transportation network improvement.

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In China, presently accompanying with the economic reform since 1978, some social problems happened such as increasing difference of economic development between inland and coastal cities. These problems should be solved in order not to obstruct today's smooth developments of economy and society in China. This study focused on the economic unbalance and its reasons between Inner Mongolia and coastal area of China. By comparison of the national and Inner Mongolia's Ninth Five-Year Plans, several typical problems in Inner Mongolia are analyzed. Furthermore, several measures to improve the present status in Inner Mongolia are presented.

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Recently, the industrial and spatial structure of the Tokyo Metropolitan Region has considerably changed with the shift of business centers and the change in individual work pattern. This study aims at clarifying the relationship between the macroscopic structure of the region and its effect on the characteristics of travel behavior of individual workers, such as frequency, trip pattern and the dependence on car use. Based on the analysis of time-series data from the Person Trip Survey, it is confirmed that: a) the amount of business trips generated by administrative workers and professional workers has increased mainly in the suburban core areas, b) the modal share of private car use has increased in most areas and c) an annular trip network between the core areas has been promoted.

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This paper considers the problem of finding the feasible office-location patterns subject to the capacity constraints of transport networks. We first construct the combined transportation-location equilibrium model to represent the transportation demands on networks induced by office-locations in CBDs. We then define the mathematical problem of finding the feasible office-location patterns which ensure the existence of the combined equilibrium. By utilizing the network transformation technique, we show that the problem reduces to finding the maximum OD demands under the Wardrop equilibrium constraints. Finally, we develops an efficient algorithm for obtaining a unique solution, which can be applied to large-scale networks.

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Recently, transportation demand estimation model and land use model is developed based on microeconomics theory in the field of infrastructure planning. The purpose of this study is construct transportation and land use model that integrate these two model that developed for these independence. By this modeling, we can consider change of attending office behavior between cities due to transportation investment in this model. And, its benefit is easy to defined and measured. Finally, The practicality of this model is shown by numerical simulation.

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Japan had experienced the sudden rise and fall of land price for last ten years, which had never occured before. The sudden change in land price caused many social and economical problems.
This study aims to explain the mechanism of the repercussion in land price variation between regions. By using multi-dimensional scaling method to land price data, we found that there was a phenomenon of spatial repercussion in land price variation. The result is the same as the result of which we found in former study. We also analysed the factors of spatial variation by some statistical approach.

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The purpose of this paper is to make it clear that the micro mechanism of the process of the location in the land readjustment area and to propose a micro location model representing its mechanism. It was analyzed that the increase of buildup in the land readjustment area have relation to the accessibility from collector street and the existence of minor street. And the micro location model that we proposed consider not only a time serial correlation in land use change data that includes a preference for a latent land use but also the spatial interaction that represents the state of land use in the neighborhood of the location.

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In this paper, we try to verify actual conditions and a district planning example of roadside area in the suburbs of provincial city. We selected two research areas from Nagano City as a case study and did the each survey of data, questionnaire, hearing and field. Consequently, we clarified the following things; In roadside area, (1) land readjustment could prevent bad influences of store-standings from extending to residential environment of background area, and (2) district planning could control and lead the use and the form of buildings in roadside. And (3) inhabitants there have been much interested in “machizukuri”, town-making.

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The shopping activity are developed around the city center, but it will be transferring to the main road side. The large commercial complex facilitys which are called the power center give an effect on the consumer's behavior, and the change of the purchase actions give an influence on the location of the commercial facilitys. In this paper, we deal with the consumer's behavior by effects of the power center, and make the shopping district choice model which is to analyze the discrimination of the city center shops and the road side shops at Joetsu City in Niigata Prefecture in case study.

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The issues concerned with promoting and operating regular local markets have been analyzed by the DEMATEL method, and the some countermeasures for the problems have been examined on the basis of the assumption; the regular local markets are useful to activate regions.
In this analysis, systematization of the problems has been clarified including their influential relationship from the two viewpoints; the standpoints of people concerned with these markets and promoting locations.
As a result, it has been referred that advertising operation is needed from administrative supports and that streets are a suitable place for operating regular markets.

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Many municiparities in prefectural border in the regional sphere have became ghost town and declined regional vitality. Therefore, 'regional linkages' among municiparities in prefectural border are drawing the attention. This study aims to show the method for regional linkages.
Necessary elements for regional linkages and its interrelation are grasped by questionnaire toward municiparities in prefectural border. And by DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory), the method for regional linkages is showed in terms of a structure of municipal consciousness.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual people's movements just after the GreatHanshin Awaji Earthquake disaster. The major findings revealed from the analysis are summarized as follows, 1) The movements to take refuge reached the peak at one hour after earthquake and continued for a long time. 2) The commuter's comeback day was different by people if taken refuge or not. The time duration taken before commuter's comeback is within one week for non refuge group and is within two weeks for refuge group. 3) Most of other first movements after a few hours were important reason to help the sufferers and so on.

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In this study the effects of the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake on travel behavior are analyzed using a travel and time use panel data set. This data set was collected in a three-wave panel survey. The first wave and the second wave of the panel study were carried out in November 1993 and November 1994, before the earthquake which hit the Hanshin-Awaji area in January, 1995. The third wave was carried out in June 1995, after the earthquake. The disaggregate panel analysis of time use and travel indicates that 1) in the Hanshin-Awaj area, the increase in travel time caused the increase in total time spent on travel on a day, in spite of reductions in trip frequency, 2) the level of transportation service and the fraction of collapsed buildings are the factors that contribute to the increase of total daily travel time, and 3) total daily travel time affects individual time use patterns.

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It is important that a road network, that establish a local community, recovers rapidly from earthquake damages. As such, the purpose of this paper is to develop a restoration model that is applicable for quantitative analysis of restoration schedule using accessible index with qualifications meeting capabilities of the personnel staff and machinery. Genetic Algorithms (GA) for non-convexities problems in design apace was applied. The result suggest that GA is found to be more effective for optimizing restoration models with large number of parameters.

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In this study, we analyze an evaluation of complex risks to diagnose a city's susceptibility to disaster. In particular, we take the stand that urban disaster risks are a composition of “human activity risks” and “field risks”. We then adopt the idea of niche, which is used in ecological community analysis. The nature of risk, which is evaluated based on overlap, is “symbiosis” of both activity and “aggregation” of activity and field risks. We propose that the indicies of niche overlap are suitable for expressing “symbiosis” and “aggregation”. Then we carry out case studies by applying niche analysis and examine its applicability.

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The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake was a tragic urban disaster which we had never experienced.It caused much confusion with people's activities in the city. Especially, it was pointed out that the delay of relief operations due to traffic congestion was a serious problem. In this paper, firstly, we construct a simulation system which deals with urban transportation in case of earthquake disasters, and simulate for variety of road damages and transportation measures. Then we evaluate and study about transportation policy using simulation outputs about the degree of supply achievement according to zones.

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In this paper, using the data read from air photos taken after the earthquake, we find out that the road network with nodes which have widest link greater than 12 meters or have their total link width greater than 24 meters is desirable from the view of disaster prevention. By comparison, we propose the road network with high rank road at intervals of 300m is efficient form the view of costs.

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This paper studies drivers' travel behaviour in a road network degraded due to natural disasters. Actual route choice and travel choice behaviour of drivers using a questionnaire survey are analyzed. It is found that 85% of drivers did not cancel their trips and use diversion routes. Due to the insufficient supply of road networks, 70% of diverted drivers were obliged to use lower class of road sections with higher risk of travel. Models describing travel choice behaviour are developed using disaggregate demand modelling methods. Those models are applied to the road network in the Shikoku area. Although 3% ofdrivers are effected by road section closure, the estimated trip cancel rate and diversion rate are consistent with actual travel behaviour in the degraded network.

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According to the development of China' s economy, studies of energy issues have been regarded as an important and long-term subject. This paper analyses the relationship among the primary energy, secondary energy, and the non-energy sectors in China by using the three-blocks inverse matrix decomposition approach. It gives more detailed analysis of the intersectoral influences among the three-blocks in contrast with the approach of Leontief inverse matrix.

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Disaster Prevention System must be reliable and active in confusion brought by hazards inherent in a big earthquake. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on Petri net methodology to deal with this problem. Fist, we classify hazards into two types, i. e., restrictive ones to anti-disaster activities and cutting-off to activities and present their fundamental models by Petri net. Second, we develop a micro system net model in which emergency cars run through the traffic congestion and demonstrate the effect of civic cars as their hazard. Third, we construct a macro net for review of fire protection activities in confusion at quake, using connectivity of Petri nets models developed above, and show its potential as a new methodology for disaster prevention planning.

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The full fledged sea airports are far from emergency functions and have a risk to lodge many injured persons in case of airplane accident. We construct a simulation model to transport the injured based on the data of Garuda Indonesian Airplane Accident in Fukuoka Airport. It has become clear that Chubu International Airport should obtain the assistance from wide-area emergency organizations and the air rescue by helicopter. Some proposals for emergency facilities in sea airport are pointed out.

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In water resources projects, a cost allocation problem is critical. In this paper, cost allocation methods based on game theory are studied. We focus on the projects with a network, which involves reservoirs, lakes, pipelines and rivers. Water resources development projects with networks have different characteristics from multipurpose reservoir projects. In network projects, the projects by the small number of the members (partial coalitions) may not be feasible. Cost allocation methods need to take the effects from these infeasible coalitions into account. The effectiveness of the weighted Shapley value, the Shapley value using modified cost function, and the network allocation method is compared.

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This study examines the intertemporal interaction between economic activities and waste generation /treatment in Hokkaido, Japan. For the objective we construct an intertemporal general equilibrium (ICGE) model incorporating waste generation/treatment. Econcomic agencies included in the model are; industries, households, government, extemal sector, and waste treatment activities. Households determine consumption, leisure, and savings maximizing the integration of present value of utility over time. Then households savings constitute capital investment generating the economic dynamics. Wastes generated by industries and households are disposed of by waste treatment activities inputting, like industries, intermediate goods, capital, and labor. Intertemporal economic effects of charging waste discharge, promotion of recycling etc. are examined by applying the model.

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Since resources of air pollution are mutual ly related among many activity sectors, it is very difficult to estimate the effects of those environmental measures. This paper proposes an analytical tool to evaluate the measures and demonstratively analyzes in terms of amount of carbon dioxide. Major findings are as follows: According as increasing final demand and the changes of exhaust gas technology, amount of pollutant varies double. Forty percent or more of gas reduction is required in 1990 to keep the level of exhaustion in 1985. Reduction of air pollutants from the sectors of pulp, paper and wood products and steel products is most effective.

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This paper proposes a calculation method of an environmental capacity near trunk roads to meet the Japanese environmental quality standards for noise annoyance under various conditions. It is necessary to assign the traffic to the road network to meet the standard. Using the proposed method, one can consider the following factors:(1) the mixture of heavy vehicles, (2) a noise barrier mounted on the edge line, (3) other noise abatements, (4) any environmental quality standard for noise annoyance. Secondly the results of applications of the proposed method are also presented using the typical sections of two-lane road and four-lane one.

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This study compared the condition of traffic vibration before and after the implementation of two types of countermeasures for a decrease in traffic vibration to define the factors of associated complaints regarding traffic vibration around the elevated road of urban expressway, taking past studies into account. Also the study analyzed the effect of countermeasures on the basis of the results of vibration measurement for 31 houses and questionnaire survey for 930 people.
The study found that two types of countermeasures for a decrease in traffic vibration are effective, amplification of vibration caused by house is much influenced, peak level of vibration measured in the house is correlated with sense of residents, vibration-level (L₁₀) on the road boundary measured with reference to the Vibration Control Act is not in good agreement with sense of residents, and so on.

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