In plannig multipurpose reclaimed lands from the national economic viewpoint, we can evaluate the benefits of these lands by the total amount of “Willingness To Pay”(i. e.“bid price”) to acquire the lot of each facility that stands on. On the other hand, the cost of reclamation work corresponds to the total amount of resources lost by reclamation. We can further evaluate the social effects of reclamation work by comparison between total amount of these benefits and costs.

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Balanced improvement of various infrastructures is vital for the infrastructures to work efficiently. It is, however, technically impossible not only to balance them but to know to what extent the balanced improvement of these infrastructures has been achieved due to lack of an integrated indicator for the measurement of the improvement levels of the infrastructures. This study tried for an integrated indicator with which the improvement level of any infrastructure can be measured. The proposed indicator which was obtained through national survey with questionaire represents the questionees demand levels for the infrastructures. The correlation between the public demands measured by the indicator and the objective improvement levels measured by the ad hoc indicators of the infrastructures was shown by the study, which made possible the comparison between the improvement levels of different infrastructures by dint of the proposed indicator. The applicability of this indicator as well as a few factors which affect the indicator were also examined.

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The decision process of human travel-activity schedule has been studied with the data obtained by the person-trip survey of Nagoya region in 1981. Since people in urban area behave within the limited time and space, the model is formulated with three stage nested logit model: lower level represents the choice of locations and duration of discretionary activities; and middle and upper level the choice of travel-activity patterns which are classified by number of trips and times of tentative home-return. Three submodels are applied to workers' travel-activity schedules within available time and space each of before and afterward of their work. The calibration caused good results and the measure of goodness-of-fit indicates very high consistency.

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The purpose of this paper is to develop the methods to estimate the parameters of behavioral models with disaggregate and aggregate data. Bayesian approach is utilized for combining aggregate data such as passenger counts with the models. The Posterior distribution of the parameters is obtained using parameters only with disaggregate data and likelihood functions which are composed of aggregate data.
Properties of the estimators which are proposed in this study are analyzed with the simulation and the estimators are compared with alternative estimation methods. The results indicate that the new techniques are so effective to build behavioral models and their features are well understood.

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This paper proposes a new modal choice model The model is developed based on the assumptions that (1) There is a priority for a judging criteria, (2) An alternative which is located in the first place when an alternatives were ordered lexicographically, (3) There is threshold for each criteria and (4) A ratio of persons who have a certain priority of judgement criteria is constant. The calibration method is also shown. The constructed model is straightforward in its concept and reflects the human real decision process. The model is applied to a real case in order to check applicability. The result shows good performances.

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It is necessary to understand the efficiency of selection criterion for identifying hazardous locations or blackspots adequately. In this paper, the degree to which the accident rate-and-number method is successful in identifying hazardous locations through periodic selections is examined. Simulation model developed for this purpose is applied. In the first part of this paper, the concept of identifying the hazardous locations and the measures of efficiency for site selection are described. The second part is devoted to the development of the simulation model. Finally, the performance of some feasible procedures through periodic selections using accident data is discussed.

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It is closely related to an accuracy of noise prediction, whether or no sound level attenuation with distance for various ground surfaces, that is, sound propagation characteristics, can be incorporated in a calculation model accurately. The authors have already reported that sound propagation characteristics of a straight motorway in flat sites could be estimated from field experiments by the previously proposed method using the statistical procedures for the analysis of random data. Furthermore, the authors wish to report a theoretial method of estimating sound propagation characteristics of a motorway in flat sites. Then in this paper, the following investigations are dealt with: 1) a proposal of a theoretical method of estimating the parameters a and b in Equation (6) using Thomasson's theory, which correspond to sound propagation characteristics of a ground surface, 2) results of comparison of calculated values by Thomasson's theory with measured values of simulated model in an anechonic room, 3) theoretical examinations of sound propagation characteristics from field experiments.

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the degree of risk compensation for the following drivers' behaviour with short headways between cars in case of high speeds. To do this, two experiments are done: The first one is to measure the response time of the following drivers. The second experiment is done by using eye-mark camera to measure the eye movement. The results showed that when the headway is short, the response of the driver is faster comparing with the long headway. Also, the percentage of eye-fixation in case of the short headway for the visual angle more than 5° around the break lights is small in comparison with the long headway. Therefore, it is concluded that inspite of there is risk compensation behaviour in the short headway, but the degree of risky is very high.

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Recently, much attention has been paid to expert system which is useful for solving ill-defined problem. Since the urban expressway having many vehicles, effective traffic control method is necessary to keep traffic flow in good condition. The expert system for traffic control is proposed in this study. The pilot system was implemented as a knowlegde base system based on traffic control patterns for Hanshin expressway. Additionaly, improvement of rule-base and a new system on micro-computer were also investigated.

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The purpose of this study is to specify characters of the image for port city in japan by comparing between the image by the visual medium and by the experience of living in port. Describing the former is that 37 students evaluated tweleve ports with 25 rating scales and they descrived the scene by free association method under the stimulus of the visual medium. Describing the latter is the same method but with no stimulus. By comparing two images four characters of the port cities are extracted. For example, in the group of Yokohama and Kobe there is a difference between valuations by rating scales snd we can explain by the description of the scene of the producton and transportaton. In the gruop of Maizuru and Yaizu there is no difference between valuations and scenes and we can call it the stable mind scape.

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Roles of river space in urbanized area are recognized as natural and recreational space recently. In accordance with this recognition embankments and revetments are designed with consideration for natural conservation or water accesibility today. However these river facilities are still monotonous and are not harmonized with riverscape because of lacks of full understanding to human activity in river spaces.In this paper, ideas and technique which could be called as a design principle of riverscape is proposed based on an analysis of human activities.

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This study is based on an idea that the river is to be one of the important natural and recreational open space for people as well as a flood control channel.
In this paper, a design method is proposed based on patterns of people's performances continuously in time and extensively in space registered in VTR. This method is expected to permit us to build better riverside space designs.

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We have developed a mesh-type, time-slicing simulation system of fire-spreading under a strong quake. In this paper, we design a series of simulation experiments according to the L₂₇ (3¹³) orthogonal array and try to use it as an information system for disaster prevention plannings of urban areas. And first we suggest that it is the most crucial to reduse the percentage of wooden buildings from the results of the analysis of variance. Second, drawing a diagram of factorial effects we show that it is not sufficient to reduce its average percentage but necessary to consider structural factors of the area. Third, introducing a concept of “blocked domain” we indicate that how to array it is a very important problem.

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The objective of water supply is to serve the pure, rich and cheap water. But the development of urban and the industrial activity cause the water resource problems, One of approaches to solve these problems is the dual water supply system. This system is studied from technical and economical aspects, but it is only a few study of user's, namely, citizen's evaluation for it In this work, user's evaluation structure for water supply system is explored and the possibility to set up the dual water supply system against water resource problems is assessed by the Fuzzy Multi-Attributes Utility Function method, This method is that general. Multi-Attributes Utility Theory is extended by introducing the fuzzy sets theory, especially the concepts of fuzzy number and fuzzy function, which can treat the human subjectibity. We show that, due to the questionnaire results and using these the calculated total utility of fuzzy utility function, it is sufficiently possible to set up the dual water supply system.

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In a big city, the congestion state in peak hour is very heavy. But in case of commuter's train, its congestion cost is not evaluated sufficiently. In order to promote to supply infrastracture of good quality, it's very important to investigate the method of evaluating congestion cost. In this paper, the model of passenger's behavior in selecting boarding points, including their-congestion avoiding behavior is made, and congestion disutility function is newly proposed. And an actual survey is made at commuter's station in which congestion avoiding behavior is observed. Using the result of the survey, the form and the parameters of congestion disutility function is estimated. And upon the investigation of relationship between the parameters of the function and boading time, the quantity of congestion cost is considered.

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The study of bus transport in rural areas has recently become an important topic of discussion among transportation planners. The purpose of this paper is to present a rational bus system obtained from managerial analyses in the areas. The managerial subjects considered include.the supplementary funds system and the relation between the public sector and the private sector.
Based on comprehensive bus transport studies conducted at Higashi Mikawa Mountainous Area, Aichi Prefecture, firstly, this paper makes the before and after comparison analyses of the rural public bus system. As a result of the analyses, the system have a good reputation among the users, and the expenditure is drastically cut down, Secondly, formulating the subjects, this paper gives the rationality to the public sector.

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Today, in many regions in japan there are intensive discussions about the introduction of regional airlines as one of the improvements of regional transportation services. Usually, the analysis on the feasibility was made by comparing the one route fare with this route cost. So that, many of air routes were proved to be difficult to run feasible this air service on them.
In this paper, the: feasibility analysis is formulated for the route network configuration problem. Because of, each carrier has some air routes. The initial purpose of this research is to develop routing and scheduling models for the feasibility analysis on regional air service.
Two 1 models are built. One is the Air Passenger Demand Model using the displacement time and the adjusted flight time. Other is the Scheduling Model based on the method of successive approximateion in Branch-and-Boupd algorithm.

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It is neccesary for working out transportation probrem dorastically in a large city to complete public transport such as rail transport system and new transport system. But cost of construction is very hyge and further more the cost is growing year by year. Therefore new subsidy-system for public transport must be enforced to complete public transport smoothly. It is an effective system to reduce their benefits which are resulted to properties and earnings of enterprises from external effects of the pubulic transport. The purpose of this study is to examine new subsidy system, especcially by reducing their benefits to rail transport and new transport system

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This paper presents the concept of fiscal effects of public investment, which explains an employment effect in public sector and fiscal flexibility, in the non-metropolitan area that consists of well-developed part and under-developed part. We point out that we must analyze two trade-off problems; one is regional equities versus total development of prefecture; the other is developments effects versus fiscal flexibility, which gives main perspective for the public debt management. For this analysis, an econometric model having hierarchical structure between prefectural government and sub-areas is presented. By case study in Shiga prefecture, the validity of the model is evidenced and some comments about investment allocation and public debt management are proposed.

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It is well known that in open-cities in the NUE context, all the benefits due to transportation improvements are eventually captured by land prices. However, it is not likely that all the housing stocks are to adjust immediately to the new environment. Here we consider another extreme that existing stocks cannot be altered. The purpose of this study is to examine such “second-best” problems both in open and closed settings. The theory predicts that within those “developed” districts, the benefits will not be captured fully by land prices even if the city is open. Some empirical analyses are made to evaluate effects of subway construction on land prices in the western part of Fukuoka City.

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The purpose of the paper is to develop a method to estimate benefits and costs of related groups and to present a balance sheet for equitable cost bearing for suburban road improvement projects. First, the paper proposes the estimation of benefits by the increment of property value which should capture the secondary benefits as well as the disbenefits such as noise and air pollution on highly effected areas by the project and by the user's benefit in other areas for supplementation. Second, Hachioji-By-Path project is chosen for ex-post analysis. Then the study estimates the land price function which can identify the benefits of accessibility, environment as well as land use change by the project.
The benefits and costs of road users, landowners, community and local goverment, ministry of construction are estimated based upon changes of the property value and users benefits with and without the projects. The results show the applicability of the method for equitable cost bearing of suburban road project.

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The paper presents a new type of performance criteria for measuring morphological development levels of highway networks, by use of ‘differencial (fractile) dimension’.
The paper then examines basic theoretical properties of fractile dimensions when applied to the measurment of the prototype network model, i. e., a grid-iron system. This lays a ground for what follows as applications to the selected actual highway networks from Tottori Prefecture.
Illustrations are made of the applicability of the proposed method; thereby possible future extensions being suggested.

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By introducing new concepts of virtual information element (VIE) and opportunity benefit, we constructed new models being appropriate for analyzing questionnaires and evaluating the road network planning in terms of opportunity. Using Shannon's entropy, (VIF-1, VIE-2) diagram is analyzed, and opportunity index is evaluated. The new models are applied for the analysis of the car-ownership consciousness and the evaluation of the road network planning in terms of opportunity in East Region of Hokkaido. It is shown that the car-ownership consciousness are classified into two classes and that the access-opportunity may be increased by the road network construction planning between Akan and Shibecha.

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