This study consists of three main parts. The first part discusses influential factors for image construction process when she/he is constructing own image of “a favorable city”. The second part scrutinizes the restructuring process of image construction of an individual. In the third part, subconsciousness analysis methods (such as P-F test) generally used in psychological studies are applied into the field of urban planning in order to examine individual subconsciousness, and it discusses a process of forming consensus within a group. Finally, this study considers implications from above discussions, that aims to propose an analytical framework on human process of group consensus with individual subconsciousness, and it's tasks for further development.

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This paper has understood the contents of citizen activity for preservation of a water environment first. Secondary, by using Quantification theory type 3 and Cluster analysis, the tendency of activity and 7 types classification about the group have been confirmed. And then, it has structured various activities by method of ISM. As a result, the relation of role between the activity group, river manager, local governments, experts and company and general residents has become clear, and validity of hierarchical cooperation has understood. Also, it has shown the directions of some problems and enforcement which stimulates cooperation.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the total economic value of the historical heritages. For the improvement of the reliability on the evaluation, we combine Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with Revealed Preference (RP). We estimated the ratio of the total value to the direct use value of the historical heritages using CVM. And we calculate the total value using the ratio and the direct use value that we estimate by travel cost method.

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In this study, in order to evaluate the benefits of the inter-city transport projects, we built the calculating system of the minimum generalized costs. We also built the system on calculating the benefits of the inter-city transport projects using the national land price model considering the time and spatial repercussions. Moreover, we lead the formula of the error's possibility in terms of the estimated precision of the upper land price model and quantitatively verify of the satisfaction of small condition on the large transport projects. Finally, using these built systems, we measure the benefits of users by considering significance level, targeting the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and the Kitan Kaikyo Road.

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This study investigates the possibility to maintain aviation services between cities with less demand by introducing “coach type flights” which stops several airports on the route and collect the demand between the airports. The possibility is analyzed by using a profit estimation model based on airline and passenger behavior models. The numerical analyses show that the introduction of coach type flights can make possible to maintain or start aviation services between cities where the business was not profitable, in certain conditions. The proposed model can be a useful tool for local governments to find efficient strategies for better aviation services.

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This paper aims to propose two accessibility indices that can evaluate the effects of railway service improvement. First, the “Network Accessibility Index” considers the effect of improvements on a railway network by incorporating link attributes. Second, the “Utility Accessibility Index” focuses on maximizing the utility of railway passengers, considering their physical strains and psychologicaload. Finally, we construct the land price model by using the N. A. Index and U. A. Index in Seoul and Osaka. Also, we evaluate the benefits of the railway improvements by using the Hedonic price function on the two cases.

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Kuwana, one of the most important castle towns in the Edo period, is located beside the mouth of the River Ibi. Although the old site of the Kuwana castle appears to be located on lowlands now, this seems irrational. As the castle must have been designed to avoid serious damage from floods, especially in places where floods would often occur. However there has so far been no way to understand the real nature of the castle. This thesis gives a new method to research micro topography using the “Shouho Ezu”, which is an old map drawn early in the Edo period. In so doing, the micro topography of the castle is successfully restored, and the logic of its design is rationally explained.

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In this paper, we studied such methods as could confirm the profit of railway projects and could work out the share ratio of expenditure from the point of allotment on Japan Railway Company (JR).
Usually, JR make it a rule to share the expenditure within the amount of benefit from the project. This method, however, is a hard task because it requires detailed account for the income, expense, and so on. Therefore, a more simplified method has been required.
Ratios of expenditure for JR depend on each project without any rule. But, in general, the limit is almost ten times as much as the increased income from the project per year. We named this fact ‘tenfold theory’, and confirmed its theory. This method is such an epoch-making theory that enables to judge a project easily without having trouble to calculate the details. We expect this convenient method to be widely utilized afterward.

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A collection system of classified garbage and rubbish structurally inherits a “social dilemma” that without contribution of most residences to the system classification efforts by contributors come to naught. The system effectively works only when majority contribute to the system. This study models the decision mechanism by residences on garbage classification and clarifies how they decide to cooperate to the system. Moreover, based on the model and the survey results effective policies for better classification of garbage are considered.

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In recent years, the evaluation methods for public works have been researched. Under the present conditions, the Ministry of Construction made the cost benefit analysis manual for the road improvement indicating the use of the evaluation index. However, the manual makes the target of only three benefits for car drivers. So in this study we quantitatively estimate benefits reflected in public consciousness such as the comfortableness for car drivers and the safety for pedestrians and analysis them by individual attribute. Moreover we implement a case study to compare our results of benefits measurement with the results based on the manual.

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Recently, heat pollution peculiar to city brings some problems in various environments. Especially in road space, high surface temperature of road pavement causes a rise to excess of air temperature above ground surface. As a result, it is considered that this thermal condition has unfdvorable effect upon pedestrians or residents in summer. Therefore, in this study, the heat environment in road space from the viewpoint of pedestrian consciousness was evaluated. In addition, based on analysis of some relationships between pedestrian's perception and some physical indicator, some issues to evaluate and improve the thermal condition of urban road space were investigated.

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This study grasped value evaluation of a citizen for creation of artificial beach by conjoint analysis. As a result, We understood that a citizen expected creature environment more than recreation environment, and we understood that a cidzen expected the creation that oneself paid ¥5000 and gave priority to environment of a creature over if creation of recreation priority was done.
Than this thing, You will push forward creation of the artificial beach which you pay a money of some burdens, and established an important point in creature environment.

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In this study, it is aimed to develop a new type method for obtaining project scheduling with minimum cost under restrictions such as project duration and recourses on the large-scale earth-moving project In this method optimal route on the cut-network is searched through the calculation of simultaneous execution-state among multiple activities included in the arbitrary independent-cut utilizing simulation model.

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Some surplus soil coordination models between construction sites have been developed in order to make efficient soil transport plan for recycling of surplus soil. However these models can't consider the uncertainties related to construction commencing time, duration, and soil volume, except of Minami and Simazu Model (1988) that can deal with the only uncertainty of construction commencing time. In this study, a model dealing with all of the above uncertainties was developed by improving the Minami and Simazu model. Then the model's applicability was shown through the application.

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In usual, planners can't acquire enough information on the socio-economic system to be analyzed. In this case, the acquisition of additional information is requested. To evaluate whether new statistical information is valuable compared to the costs of survey, we develope new method. Our method makes it possible to derive numerically the probability distribution of micorstate of the socio-economic system which is consistent with the observed statistical information and equilibrium condition. Through simple numerical simulation, we show the applicability of developped method.

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Each Local Government needs increasing the efficiency of the Administrative System, getting the confidence for the citizens and improving the ability of planning and performing. So it is interested in the Evaluation of Administration Activities. Today, The Results Evaluation Method and The Benchmark Method become one of the effective evaluation methods. However, they have the problem how to comprehend their indicators. So in the study, we suggest the method of the Comprehending their indicators using the Data Envelopment Analysis and the Weight Optimum method. And we apply this method to the Comprehensive Evaluation of Administrative Activities in the local governments.

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This paper aims to describe characteristics of the trips omitted by respondents in person trip survey. We carried out original survey in order to compare person trip survey with activity survey. The results are followings; 1) about 20% of trips in a person trip survey are omitted; 2) omitted trips are related to going home trip; 3) omitted trips are not aware clearly as travel event by respondents.

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In this paper, we discuss complementarity and substitutability of ICT (Information & Communication Technology) on face-to-face meetings in office concerning process. Findings from the analysis demonstrate that existing ICT (E-mail) is used for such as documents pre-sending complementary to meeting process, forming perception which new ICT (EMS) would produce advantage is greatly important to substitute face-to-face meeting, and it is effective for formation of the perception to make workers utilize electronic media more frequently in the meeting process. This improvement of those kinds of perception will lead office workers to use media low in richness at communication in high equivocality.

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A purpose of this study is to propose a computable general equilibrium model including business communication between regions. To consider business communication, information sectors, which are getting information about goods and service, are supposed in this model. And this model can be used for an analysis on inter-regional and inter-industrial impacts of information technologies. In the latter part of this study, some numerical analyses by using this model are shown and its performance is reported.

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Local governments have recently been required to reduce the number of ambulance stations because of financial shortage and cost increase by improving their service level. We make a p-median public facilty location model for ambulance services and calculate it in our study area in Ehime prefectare. The results shows that we can reduce 3 stations of current 19 stations according to over all average service level criterion but some areas suffer from service decreasing. We can reduce one station when we add a constraint that every area should not suffer from less than 20% service decrease.

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In this paper, we verified whether the Marshall-Dupuit measure (MD) used in practice can be a sufficient approximation to Equivalent Variation (EV) in the benefit evaluation of transport improvement. We used the transportation behavior model in the context of classical consumer behavior theory proposed by Morisugi, Ueda and Le. We estimated model parameters by inter-regional trip data in Japan and then measured user's benefit by each of MD and EV. We have proved that MD is fully effective as an approximation of EV.

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The uncertainty and spatiality which are characteristics of disasters, to measure the benefit of natural disaster prevention projects must be caught. This paper proposed the simple benefit measurement method that is able to use in the practical cost benefit analysis. I constructed the socioeconomic model under uncertainty, defined benefit with Non-Contingent EV, showed the incidence form, and led the form based on the characteristic which benefit was cancelled in the markets. And I proposed the short cut method to be able to measure benefit simply and approximately. It was confirmed that the value of an approximation is obtained, by measuring the benefit of the flood control works.

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The Purpose of this paper it to solve optimization problems for locating plant sites as a first step of investigation of social distribution problems, which are actually presented in some company. We construct a productivity-oriented method for an optimal plant site selection taking into considerations trade-off theory between production cost and outgoing transportation cost including production operation level. In future, we try to develop this model to a more general one suited to optimization problems of social hub such as central hub and local hub in a broad area and investigate a construction of optimal hub system as a social infra.

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After WWII in Japan, transportation and communication infrastructure have been improved to realize regional equalization. To evaluate the effectiveness of this policy, it is necessary to investigate how the distribution patterns of urban activities have changed. Numbers of office location and dispatch of homepage information are regarded as the index of urban activities in this study. The result shows that the manufacturing industries have changed into even distribution, and the service industries have changed into uneven distribution. Concentration rate of some service industries at Tokyo region becomes very high, especially measured by the index of dispatch of homepage information.

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This study aims at developing a formulation and a simple solution procedure for location-allocation of hierarchical health care facilities. We deal with hospital as an upper level and health center as a lower level. The model is based on the hypothesis that the location and allocation are controlled by different decision-makers. The results that we expected in our model show the performance of users' behavior based on spatial interaction effect in choosing a site of hospital or health center to minimize the total patients weighted distance in a simple real network.

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In this paper, we picked up the location issue of the International Airport, and we analyzed this problem by use of the Game's Theory. In this game, we set three Local Governments, which are different at the economic and social background. And we expect the best-suited behavior of the Local Government from the change of the Nash's equilibrium according to the Game's environment. From this study we can understand as follows.
(1) If there are no accounting system at the game, all of the Local Government wants to construct the airport in each area. So to recognize the share of the Airport construction cost and the account of the Access to the airport is effective to make the equilibrium.
(2) To make the coalition caused by the transfer of the profit between the Local Government is effective to set the Nash's equilibrium.

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The spatial computable general equilibrium (SCGE) models which are the extended CGE model, have been applied in order to estimate the spatial and economic impacts of transport policies. However, these model are developed for only freight transport improvement. Because, theoretical background of these models is based on spatial price equilibrium theory. So, the purpose of this study is development of a SCGE model for passenger transport improvement and applied this model for evaluation of Japanese new-Shinkansen project.

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The urban problems such as depopulation, weakening of attractiveness in a city, and congestion occur by the change of population and industrial activities. Therefore, a model to support urban and regional planning must consider the movement of population and industrial activities. In this study, we develop a practical land-transport interaction model considering the change of population and industrial activities based on the urban economic theory. Then, we examine the validity of this model by applying it to an actual area.

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It is necessary to evaluate the exerted impacts not only to the transport system but also to the change of location pattern, when we measure the benefit for transport improvements. In this paper, we proposed the computable urban economic model, which is based on the urban economic model and is intended to apply to the practical analysis. By using this model, the zone contingent benefits are possible to be defined when the benefit is evaluated. Though the idea of this benefit definition has been argued, the benefit definition for the relocating sectors has not been cleared enough. So we showed the benefit definition for the relocating sectors by utilizing the operating path of the project, and we are able to grasp the incidence structure of zone contingent benefits.

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Besides respondent incentive articles (RIA), there are many possible measures to increase response rate and improve accuracy in transport survey. This study proposes that performance of those measures can be evaluated based on the survey cost which satisfies given accuracy level. The proposed criteria can be applied for the technique which alter the response rate or accuracy unevenly for seleral sub-groups of the population. A case study of a shopping travel survey held in a shopping district in Hiroshima City practically illustrates the effectiveness of the RIAs, based on the proposed criteria.

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This research studies the planning process of the city upgrading in high densely built up area. First, the subject and policy of the city upgrading in high densely built up area were tidied generally. Next the view point needed for the agreement formation that becomes a premise with the planning in this area through the research of established, was extracted. The planning process that aimed at agreement formation was examined. The appropriateness of the process was inspected the success case that is planned in this area, to the object.

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This study aims to clarify the relationship between city growth and urban facilities development in 1980-1995. We classified the cities in Kanto Area into 4 types by the population accumulation situation and city growth pattern. Then we analyzed the attribute factors on the city growth pattern by using the distinction analysis method. As a result, it becomes clear that the construction of arterial roads in the urbanization control area gives big influence to the classification of urban growth pattern. In order to manage the city growth, we have to consider the arterial road development in the urbanization control area carefully.

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In Tokyo Metropolitan Area, the rapid increase of automobile traffic far surpasses the provision of road facilities. and the traffic congestion is worsening. One method to cope with this problem is the control of land use, especially the regulation of floor area ratio (FAR). In this study we examine if land use planning in Tokyo, which has the goal of the multi-nucleus urban structure. have corresponded with the road capacity. After the simulation study, although there are considerable gap between current FAR and permissible FAR, the planning urban structure is considered almost the same as a desirable structure alleviating the road congestion.

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This article is focused on the relationship between park size and the density of site. To begin with, the theoretical processes and evidence about planing standards of park size regulation are reviewed and analyzed through existing literature. It were based on the conventional issue. A model, to determine the park size when Floor-Area-Ratio (FAR) in the site was given, is presented. This model indicates that park size per one person consist with the regulation rate for site when FAR are low level. Finally, a method for evaluating green network size is also presented.

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In this paper, we try to analyze the state of emergency service, especially considering traffic accidents in Matsuyama City. Because, it is indispensable for a victim who was seriously injured, must be conveyed more rapidly to an emergency hospital. Firstly, we analyze the service level of daily unit of emergency hospitals by Maximal Covering Location Problem. In the result, we make clear differences of their service levels, and some new fire stations are required to secure carrying time in the city. Secondly, we utilize GIS to grasp the spatial distribution of these accidental frequency, and analyze the emergency hospital location problem considering the probability of traffic accidents. Lastly, we refer to the relationship between the improvement of traveling performance of the ambulances on the current road network and the service level.

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This study developed an effective and practical model analysis method utilizing simulation analysis for planning and designing commercial facility and transportation system and facility.
For rational analysis of urban planning, visitors' behaviors in the central area of the city is concluded in the simulation model developed for representing urban activities. The simulation model is consisted by 2 types simulation model. The first model is visitors' behavior choice and probability model in the CBD based on visitors' behaviors analysis from surveys. The second model is dynamic discrete micro traffic simulation model which represent traffic condition of car and on foot.

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Many remedial methods for the spatial autocorrelation of error terms in regression model have been developed. However, the spatial weight matrix, which may play an important role in estimating the parameters, is often designed by the analysts a priori. The empirical results suggest that the parameter estimates depend heavily on the spatial weight matrix. They also suggest that the spatial weigh matrix which presents the strong correlation among neighborhoods and is very different from what is lead from the analogy of gravity law and generally used, may lead to the maximum of log-likelihood.

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The paper analyzes effects of information provision in terms of vulnerability against disaster. It is assumed that perceived risks are not always rigorous even after precise information in terms of vulnerability against. disaster is provided to households. Models of residential choice behavior under provision of the information, that differs with respect to bias level in risk perception, are formulated. By comparing equilibrium land use patterns and welfare levels of households, we examine the influence of biases in risk perception on effect of information provision.

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The aim of this paper is to make clear the relation between land use control and environment evaluation based on attitude survey on disaster prevention awareness and land use control. The following, we find the problem from the land use in inside water inundation disaster area which is often attacked.

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This paper describes characteristics of infra sound radiated from elevated road structure by measurement. Sound pressure levels along road are 70-90dB. In frequency characteristics, two peaks appear. One peak is at 2-6Hz, and the other is at 9-16Hz. Peak frequency at 2-6Hz is proportional to the reciprocal number of the length of road structure. On the other hand, peak frequency at 9-16Hz is not related the road structure length. Sound radiation coefficient by vibration plate is obtained by theoretical equation. At 2-6Hz, the sound radiation loss of concrete plate with road surface is smaller than the one of steel plate with I-type gilder.

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After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Act of Improvement of Densely Building-Up Area is established. The aim is financial help for rebuild and removal of old wooden houses to prevent the fire from spreading. It is crucial for the residents to improve their resident areas under the new act. Though it is very difficult the planner and residents to make consensus as well as other urban planning. We developed supporting system for district planning to be difficult against conflagration. The characteristics is interactive and visual to realize the risk of fire-spreading and the effective alternatives of fire-preventing planning.

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Due to moral hazard by households and high transaction cost, it is unlikely that disaster risk can be optimally diversified through transaction in disaster insurance markets. In this paper, alternative jurisdictionmanaged disaster insurance schemes are presented. In these schemes, each jurisdiction is supposed to levy tax on local residents and reallocate aggregated risk through interjurisdictional money transfer or reinsurance contracts. The paper concludes that the former scheme attains the fist-best allocation of risks while the latter fails to realize efficient allocation due to fiscal externalities caused by interregional migration.

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In this study we define “perceptional biases” as the differences between original probability or loss for various kinds of risks and subjective risk valuation by decision-makers. We measured these perceptional biases by observing personal behavior for life insurance and earthquake insurance, and for choosing transportation mode after air crash, by comparing original probability or loss of the risk, especially with small probability and catastrophic loss. As a result, we found that people have actually perceived the loss of risk as two or three times as original loss, and that people have perceived the probability of risk in different ways due to the type of the risk.

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When we estimate risk to life due to natural disasters and diseases, it is necessary to discuss the social loss estimation due to human casualties. However, no method has been established to estimate it. The objectives of this paper are to propose the estimation method of loss of social value due to heavy casualties with the relationship between GRP and average life span. We applied this method to the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake disaster in Hyogo prefecture and in Japan. It was found that estimated losses of social value in the first year could reach about 1.62 trillion yen in Hyogo prefecture and 1.75 trillion yen in Japan respectively.

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In Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the loss caused by the collapse of houses and the fire was very severe. In decision making on the renewal of houses, it is difficult for owners to know if their own houses are safe or not. In order to obtain the correct information, safety diagnosis of houses is necessary. In this paper, we focus on the value of the information provided by safety diagnosis. Then, mathematical model is proposed based on the assumption that owners' make rational decisions. Finally, government's subsidizing policies are compared from the viewpoint of the improvement of social welfare.

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Although the theoretical framework to assess the applicability of conventional cost allocation methods in multi-purpose reservoir development has been proposed, how to assess it by the cost function obtained in a real development remains unknown. We show the relationship between the cost structure and cost game characteristics on which the applicability of cost allocation methods rely. In addition, we extend this analysis on supposition that the participant without its own volume is included in the development. By deriving the proto-type cost function, it is shown that the applicability of cost allocation methods can be assessed by the cost function.

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This environmental study is composed of three different analyses. Firstly, questionnaire analysis on neighboring environment for regional core, Okayama city is examined. It is found that accessibility and amenity are most important factors for environmental evaluation. Evaluation models are also calibrated based on environmental conditions. Secondly, simple comparative analysis is executed among Tokyo Metro., Kawasaki City Kita-Kyusyu City Okayama city and Higashi-Mokoto Village in Hokkaido, from metropolitan to rural areas. This result suggests the possibility of the high transferability of the local evaluation data. Thirdly, applicability of the Data Envelopment Analysis for political decision making is clarified. It is found that DEA method could provide effective ranking information for environmental improvements.

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