We, as deliberating agents, are temporal beings and can face the general problem of maintaining diachronic rationality. However, this problem has various aspects, and “
akrasia” can be understood as one of them. In this paper, I define
akrasia as acting against one's higher-order judgment, which includes the consideration of future alternatives. Indeed, there are objections to this type of definition of
akrasia that involves higher-order attitudes. Some philosophers have concluded that
akrasia is not necessarily hierarchical. However, contrary to this belief, I defend the hierarchical character of the concept of
akrasia by appealing to a constructivistic and functionalistic characterization of a higher-order definitive evaluation or judgment. Moreover, I distinguish
akrasia from other types of phenomena that share common elements with it, although they are not hierarchical. The view that the higher-orderness (i.e. the hierarchy) of attitudes is essential to the concept of
akrasia is, if my argument is correct, more tenable than some philosophers have considered it to be.
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