Kagaku tetsugaku
Online ISSN : 1883-6461
Print ISSN : 0289-3428
ISSN-L : 0289-3428
Volume 46, Issue 2
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
Decision-making, Learning, and Rationality
  • Tomoyuki Yamada
    2013 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 1-16
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    John Searleʼs discussion of the gaps in rational action raises serious problems for the commonsense view that an explanation of an agentʼs action in terms of her reason for doing what she did is a species of causal explanation. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the problems Searle's discussion raises and examine the relation between the experienced gaps and the neurobiological processes in the brain.
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  • Taiki Takahashi
    2013 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 17-30
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    One of the recent promising theoretical approaches to accounts of the violation of rationality (or generalize the concept of rationality) in human decision making is quantum decision theory. In this expository review article, I introduce 1) problems of rationality in quantum decision theory and 2) relationships between psychophysics, theoretical neuroscience including neuroeconomics, and quantum decision theory.
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  • Toshihiro Ohishi
    2013 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 31-47
    Published: December 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2014
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper deals with the argument that the design thinking in engineering has an important viewpoint for ethics. The design thinking has two interpretations. First, I point out that these interpretations do not make the content of the design thinking clear. Second, I argue that the design thinking applies to all the practical problems, including ethical problems. Third, I show four features of the design thinking, namely complexity of constraints for solving a problem and trade-offs among the constraints, an ethical factor as one of the constraints, acceptance of multiple solutions and insolubility, and the design thinking as a method for agents.
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