Previous research has demonstrated favorable outcomes with restricted blood flow training. However, it has not been remained unclear that effect of acute aerobic exercise with blood flow districted on glucose metabolism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if using elastic knee bands as a mode of blood flow restriction (BFR) could increase glucose metabolism and heart rate (HR) during low intensity exercise. Thirteen young males completed two trials of cycling exercise with (BFR) and without (control) restricted blood flow. Elastic knee bands were placed around the upper thigh of both legs during BFR. They performed a low intensity cycling exercise consisting of 10 min at VT-10%V.O2peak each trial. Glucose metabolism was assessed by measuring blood glucose levels, blood lactate levels, and the exogenous glucose metabolic rate. Blood glucose and blood lactate dynamics did not significantly differ between the BFR and control trials. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the dynamics of exogenous glucose metabolic rate between the BFR and control trials. The mean HR during exercise was significantly higher in the BFR than in the control trials. In conclusion, no significant difference in exogenous glucose metabolism was observed between the BFR and control trials, indicating that the substrates of energy supply in aerobic exercise with BFR was due to preferential use of glycogen breakdown in muscle. The present study results appear to provide a novel insight into the mechanisms underlying BFR exercise induced changes in glucose metabolism in human.

抄録全体を表示

This study examines the effects of being barefoot and wearing shoes on ground contact styles and running step variables in young children. The subjects were 25 young children aged 3–9 years. Regarding the running step variables, 20 participants were included in the analysis, and 5 were excluded due to missing data. The subjects performed 10 m × 4 turns under two conditions, namely, wearing shoes (shoes condition) and being barefoot (barefoot condition). The target section for the analysis of ground contact styles and running step variables was the first 10 m. This study employed OptoJump Next (manufactured by Microgate) to analyze the running step variables. Thus, 11 variables, such as the ground contact time and flight time, were used as the running step variables. To determine the contact pattern during running, using a high-speed camera, the feet were recorded from the side of the participants. Thus, ground contact styles were classified into three types, namely, forefoot strike (FFS), midfoot strike (MFS), and rearfoot strike (RFS). Two examiners reviewed the video and evaluated the contact style. Consequently, regarding running step variables, the ground contact time, heel contact period, and kickoff period were significantly higher in the shoe condition than the barefoot condition. Furthermore, the pitch was significantly higher in the barefoot condition than in the shoe condition. Regarding ground contact style, the RFS was significantly higher in the shoe condition, and the MFS was significantly higher in the barefoot condition. The findings clarify that the difference between being barefoot and wearing shoes affects the ground contact style and running step variables in young children during running.

抄録全体を表示

This study was conducted on a total of 99 elderly participants: 32 mild-care receivers, 34 severe-care receivers, and 33 healthy elderly. We examined the relationships that the level of care required have with skeletal muscle mass, with bone mineral density, and with knee extension muscle strength, as well as inter-group comparisons. The results showed the following. (1) There was no correlation between the level of care required and gender, BMI, total muscle mass, or skeletal muscle mass, while there were correlations among the level of care required, age, the ratio of the right knee extension strength to weight, and the ratio of the left knee extension strength to weight. (2) In the inter-group comparison of the severe-care receivers, mild-care receivers, and the healthy elderly, there were significant differences (p＜0.01) between the care receivers and the healthy elderly concerning the ratio of the knee extension strength to weight, as well as concerning bone density (SOS and YAM values). (3) The mean value of the ratio of knee extension strength to weight was significantly higher in the healthy elderly group than the care receiver groups. The care receiver groups showed a weak positive correlation in the left-right difference of the ratio, while the healthy elderly group showed a strong positive correlation. Therefore, it was suggested that the degree of care required for the elderly care receivers correlated with age, knee extension weight ratio and bone density (SOS and YAM values). These results suggest that in order for elderly people to live a more active life, it is important not only to simply increase skeletal muscle mass but also to increase the knee extension weight ratio through neurological approaches.

抄録全体を表示

Objective: There are some qualitative studies on the practical issues in inclusive physical education (P.E.), where regular class children (RCC) and special needs children (SNC) learn together in the same place. However, few studies have objectively examined these issues from a quantitative perspective. The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual physical activity of SNC in inclusive P.E. from a quantitative perspective, focusing on metabolic equivalents (METs). Methods: METs during inclusive P.E. were collected using activity meters in 316 elementary school children (RCC: 302, SNC: 14). The mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of METs and moderate to vigorous physical activity rate (%MVPA) of RCC and SNC in the exercise learning situation were compared. The RCC and SNC were divided into high, medium, and low groups, respectively, based on the magnitude of %MVPA, and the %MVPA of each group was compared between the RCC and SNC. Results: The mean values of METs and %MVPA were lower in SNC than in RCC, but there were no significant differences for either. For CV of %MVPA, SNC was higher than RCC in the ball exercise class, whereas SNC was lower than RCC in the stretch and gymnastics class. Compared to RCC, there was a large difference in %MVPA between the "%MVPA high group " and the "%MVPA medium group" as well as the "%MVPA low group" in the SNC ball exercise class. Conclusions: Compared to RCC, SNC tended to have lower mean values of METs and %MVPA during inclusive P.E., but the differences were not significant. SNC showed a polarization of %MVPA in the ball exercise class. It was suggested that exercise with simple rules and uncomplicated movements were effective in securing MVPA in SNC.

抄録全体を表示

This study aimed to investigate the relationship and characteristics of running and jumping abilities among university students, with a focus on gender differences. The study included 38 university students (21 males and 17 females), and the activities included a 50 m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), and repeated rebound jumps (RJ). Statistical analyses were conducted using independent t-tests for gender differences and Pearson&apos;s correlation coefficients for exploring relationships between 50 m sprint times, CMJ, and RJ, with a significance level set at less than 5%. The results showed that the 50 m sprint time was significantly quicker among males compared to females (6.90 ± 0.40 s and 8.35 ± 0.45 s, respectively). Additionally, males exhibited significantly higher values in CMJ and RJ-height compared to females. When investigating the relationship between running and jumping abilities by gender, males demonstrated significant correlations with both CMJ and RJ (CMJ: r = -0.68, p < 0.01; RJ-index: r = -0.74, p < 0.01; RJ-height: r = -0.70, p < 0.01; RJ-c.t: r = 0.64, p < 0.01). In contrast, females only exhibited a significant correlation with RJ (RJ-index: r = -0.63, p < 0.01; RJ-height: r = -0.58, p < 0.05). In conclusion, males&apos; performance in vertical jumping abilities and females&apos; ability to generate substantial power in a short time were evidently related to their 50 m sprint times, highlighting gender-specific differences. The insights gained from this study provide valuable information about the current abilities of university students and can be instrumental in shaping future educational and sports coaching practices.

抄録全体を表示