Previously, S. Kumasaka reported on an experiment in which the metal chromatography for the separation of trace elements was employed by using a gradient mixture of a volatile solution of hydrochronic acid and acetone (0.64MHC1,40-86 % acetone). Macroporous cation exchange resin amberlite-200 was used as a filler. Also it was shown that this method was an extremely effective means for the quantitative determination of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in deciduous teeth, particularly by utilizing the flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry method.
The author, then, measured variations in Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu content in the enamel and dentine of the various types of deciduous teeth.
Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu values of the enamel and dentine were obtained by analyzing 100 deciduous teeth using the flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The following results were obtained:
1)The mean values (μg/g) of trace elements in the enamel and dentine were determined as 0.97±0.422 and 0.60±0.225 for Cd,179.78±29.450 and 151.23±20.502 for Zn,18.01±5.575 and 29.59±8.601 for Pb,7.51±2.163and 4.55±1.542 for Cu, rcspectively.
2) The mean concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in the enamel of all the teeth were significantly higher than those in the dentin, while the mean concentration of Pb in the enamel was significantly less than that in the dentin.
3) In comparison among the tooth types, the mean concentrations of the four metals in both the enamel and dentin decreased from incisors to molars.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to clarify the invasion ofthe adhesive resin into the retentive holes of the lingual plate of the adhesive bridge.
39 cases of the retentive holes on the lingual plates of the adhesive bridge, attached to the lingual side of the extracted teeth, were observed through a scanning electron microscope.
As the result of this study, the following conclusions were obtained.
1) Out of a total of 39 cases with the retentive holes,11 cases (28.2%) showed a clean invasion of the adhesive resin into the retentive holes. While 6 casse (15.4%) showed excess invasion of the adhesive resin. In 7 cases (17.9%), invasion of the adhesive resin into the retentive holes was insufficient. In 15cases (38.5%) adhesive resin invasion was a partly insufficient.
2) Insufficient invasion of the adhesive resin into the retentive holes of the lingual plates was considered to be the cause of the dislodgement of the lingual plate of the adhesive bridge due to its lack of retentive ability.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the pulpal response to the calcium hydroxide base Procal (3M) on human primary dental pulp.
Sixteen intact primary teeth ranging between 4-9 years of age were studied in this experiment. Class 5 cavities were prepared under constant air-water coolant, using a No.35 inverted cone carbide bur rotating at high speed. Calcium hydroxide base Procal was applied to the cavity floor. Subsequently, composite resin Adaptic ( Johnson & Johnson) was placed into the cavities. The teeth were observed clinically and then removed. The teeth were processed routinely in serial sections, then stained, and evaluated microscopically. All specimens were found to be entirely asymptomatic clinically, while the histological picture shows that pulpal damages were slight except in a few cases which showed moderate change.
The results of this investigation suggested that the application of Procal base under composite resin filling materials was effective for protection of the human primary dental pulp.

View full abstract

The aims of the study were to examine the oral hygine condition, the ability to performt ooth brushingw ithouta ssistance, a nd to establisha method of tooth brushing instructionf or ProgressiveM uscularD ystrophy( P. M. D) patients.
The subjects comprised 70 P. M. D. patients who were housed in a facility at the Minami-KyushuH ospital in KagoshimaP refecture. The distributionb y classificationo f the P. M. D. diseasest ype revealed3 9 of the Duchennet ype,5of the Limb-Grideet ype,11 of the Kugel-Welanderty pe, and 15 other types. The age distribution was from seven to twenty seven years of age.
The number of timest ooth brushingw as performedp er a day, the condition of habitual tooth brushing, the opinions concerning the style of tooh brushing, the problems with respiration when brushing were estimated by means of a questionaire. W e also examinedt he effectivenesosf the tooth brushingb y using the Debris Index Score, the effectivenesIsn dexo f the manner of tooth brushing,513the method of tooth brushing, the condition of the tooth brush, IQ, and A. D. L..
The results obtained were as follow;
1)From the estimation of the results of the questionaire; The patients who have been performing tooth brushing three times per day amounted to 75.4 percent of all the 'subjects. The patients prefered a small tooth brush. No influence on respiration when brushing were found.
2)The oral hygine conditions of the patients were bad based on the evaluation of the debris index score. For the example, the total mean of the debris index score on all the subjects was 3.39, and on the buccal surface it was 1.53, and on the lingual surface it was 1.87.
3)The patients who could conduct oral hygine by non assisted tooth brushing amounted to 97 percent of all the subjects. The change of the debris index score by means of tooth brushing had a total mean 1.12. No difference of the change of the score between the buccal surface and lingual surface was found. But the comparison with the change of the debris index score by means of tooth brushing by groups of teeth, the difference between the change of the score on the mandibular incisor group and the mandibular molar group suggested a statistically significant difference based on the test results.
4)The factor which influenced the effectiveness and ability concerning tooth brushing was only the I. Q.
5)The tooth brushing ability of the Duchenne type patient was inferior to the ability of the other types. The cause of the difference was the difference of the age.
6)The ability Index of tooth brushing behabior which was used by means of the evaluation of the ability of tooth brushing in this study and A. D. L. suggested a statistically significant correlation. Particulary, the relationship was clearer in subjects over 13 years of age.

View full abstract

A collective statistical study on dental treatment and periodical examination in the Gifu prefectural institution for the handicapped during the year 1978-1982was made. The reports served as a basis for analyzing the trends of dental services for the institutionalized crippled and developmentally disabled children. The subjects comprised a total of 479 children from 4-19 years of age.
The results were as follows:
1. The percentage of the cerebral palsyed children among the handicapped was approximately 80% during the year 1978-1982.
2. The mean number of treated carious teeth was 4.1 in 1978, and it gradually decreased to 2.6 in 1982.
3. In regard to the content of the dental services, the extraction of the deciduous teeth was the highest, up to 50.9% in 1978. However the more preventive procedures such as fluoride solution, diammine silver fluoride application and restorative work were greatly employed in the following years.
4. The most commonly preferable restorative work for deciduous teeth was the metal crown followed by amalgam, while amalgam was the most frequently applied restorative measure for the permanent teeth.
5. The vital pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide was the most frequently performed endodontic treatment for deciduous teeth.
6. The recall time for the patient was only 0.4 times per year in 1978, however it increased to 2.2 in 1982, and consequently the oral condition of the patients was much improved.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical properties of the two experimental resin sealants (5H.,5S., ) containing synthesized monomers.
The physical properties of these sealants were measured in order to compare them with those of commercial sealants (P., F., T. ). The results were as follows.
1. Adhesive property.
1) Adhesive strength with respect to the unetched enamel surface. The adhesive strength values of all sealants after standing at room temprature for 3 hrs. were 22.5-47.4 kg/cm² and the highest adhesive strength value was obtained with T.. When soaked in water for 7 days, the adhesive strength values were 13.0-29.0kg/cm² and the highest adhesive strength value was obtained with 5 S. (Table 1, Fig.4).
2) Adhesive strength with respect to the etched enamel surface. The adhesive strength values of all resin sealants were 151.0-166.3 kg/cm² after standing at room temprature for 3 hrs. and the highest adhesive strength value was obtained with P.. On the other hand after soaking in water for 180 days, they were 118.7-137.2 kg/cm² and the highest adhesive strength value was obtained with T.. After thermal stress, the adhesive strengths values were 112.4-133.8 kg/cm2and the highest adhesive strength was obtained with 5S. (Table 2, Fig.5).
2. The amounts of water absorption of all resin sealants. The amounts of water absorption of the resin sealant containing filler were lower than those of other resin sealants. (Fig.6)
3. Weight loss of all resin sealants by abrasion. The weight loss of the resin sealants containing filler were lower than those of other sealants. (Fig.7)
4. The component and content of filler. The principle components of the filler of P. and F. were SiO₂ and TiO₂, respectively and the contents of the filler were 51 wt % and 1.3 wt% in the base monomer respectively.
5. SEM observation
1) The size and form of filler.
The filler size of P. and F. were 1-5 μm and 1-10 μm respectively and their shapes were irregular. (Fig.8)
2) The resin surface after abrasion.
It was shown that the filler of P. was observed regulary on the resin surface, however, in case of F., the large filler particle congregated on a part of the resin surface. (Fig.9)

View full abstract

Recently in the clinical practice of pedodontics metal inlay restoration is used more frequent than silver amalgam restoration. Because of the anatomical characteristics of primary teeth, dentists have a tendency to expose the pulp during the cavity preparation on primary teeth. When preparating cavity, it is important to be aware of the spatial relation between the cavity and pulp chamber. However, there appear to be no reports concerning the cavity form for the metal inlay in primary molars.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial relation between the cavity and pulp chamber in metal inlay restorations. The experimental teeth were 17 mandibular primary first molars. Disto-occlusal cavities were prepared for inlay restoration. Impressions were taken with silicon rubber impression material to make plaster models.
These teeth were decalcified with nitric acid and ethanol, embedded in celloidin, sectioned serially in buccolingual ( 8 teeth), horizontal ( 9 teeth)direction and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Then, the distance from cavity to the pulp chamber were measured.
Results were as follows.
1. In the occlusal cavity, the shortest distance between the cavity and pulp chamber was 0.16-0.49 mm on the average. In the crown of mandibular primary first molar these positions corresponded to the adjacent mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusp. The mesiobuccalhorn was the highest horn of the pulp chamber, it extended above the pulpal wall about 0.55mm.
2. In the proximal box, the positions of the shortest distance between the cavity and pulp chamber were corresponded to the gingival one-fourth of buccoaxial line angle and the adjacent the linguo-axial-gingival point angle.
3. The positions of the most thick distance between the cavity wall and pulp chamber were corresponded to the vicinity of buccal groove and lingual groove.

View full abstract

A 5 year-2 month old boy, diagnosed as having sarcoma in the left mandible, showed good prognosis in spite of underdevelopment of the teeth and the mandible 10 years after treatment.
1. On the first visit, painful swelling was noted in the left cheek and IV V 6region. Radiographic examination showed what is called “onion peel” at the inferior margin of the left mandible.
2. As treatment radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed. Ten years have passed since then. And the prognosis is good.
3. Ten years after treamtnet, short roots of _??__??__?? and underdevelopment of the left mandibular bone were observed, but no organic abnomality was observed.

View full abstract

A four year one month old Japanese male was referred to the Nippon Dental University for oral evaluation and treatment. The medical history was noncontributory. Oral examinations revealed rampant dental caries with fistula on the upper right second primary molor. The upper left second primary molor had already been extracted. Radiographic evaluation showed congenitally missing lateral tooth.
Treatment and follow-up
Endodontic therapy was done by means of root canal treatment on the upper left second primary molar. However, because of endodontic failure, a radectomy was performed.
A distal shoe space maintainer was inserted on the opposite side.
Later, the first primary molars exfoliated naturally. However, the patent did not return to the clinic immediately and the first permanent molar moved mesially.
To distalize the upper right first permanent molar, a Howly type space regainer was inserted. It was successfully performed.
The molar relationship was Angle Class 1 on the right side and Angle Class 2 on the opposite side.
The dentist may be able to assist a patient with congenitally missing teeth to develop a good occlusion by means of long-term follow-up intervention. With the aid of simple appliances he may help the child during the transition from the primary to the permanent dentition by preventing complicated future orthodontic problems. The occlusal management of the children was performed without bridges and by utilizing the physiological mesial movement of the permanent teeth (3 4 5 6).

View full abstract

Congenital epulis is a clinical term used to describe benign tumors of the gingival tissue of newborn babies. Occurrence is relatively rare.
This paper is a report of the clinical as well as pathological findings of two cases of congenital epulis, treated in the Pedodontic Clinic of Tsurumi University Dental Hospital.
In the first case, the epulis was found on the mandibular anterior alveolar ridge of a 6 month old Japanese girl. The lesion was a pedunculated mass (13×7×6 mm) pink in color at the first visit, but its color changed afterward to dark red possibly due to hemorrhage into the mass. This color change was a characteristic finding of this case. The epulis was removed electrosurgically under local anesthesia and no recurrence took place. Pathological findings of this lesion were similar to those of the telangiectatic fibrous epulis.
In the second case, the epulis was located on the palatal mucosa of the maxillary incisor region in a 9 month old Japanese boy. The lesion was a pedunculated mass about 7.0 mm in diamiter and ulceration was visible on the distal part of the mass. The maxillary right primary central incisor was unerupted possibly due to the lesion. The epulis was removed electrosurgically under local anesthesia and an impacted supernumerary tooth was also enucleated and recurrence took place. The pathological findings of this lesion were similar to those of the granulomatous epulis.
In regard to the origin of these congenital epulis, the clinical findings suggested that these cases were related respectively to the hypoplastic mandibular left primary incisor and the impacted supernumerary tooth, but pathological evidence to support this was not found.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to observe the dental caries of young children visiting the Dental Clinic of Kurashiki Kankyo Health Center during the 4 years from June 1978 to May 1982. Dental observations were performed on 1865 children up to 6 years old. The results obtained and conclusions were as follows:
1) The number of children who received the first examination at the Kurashiki Kankyo Health Center reached maximum in 1979 (497) and decreased year after year.
2) The total number of children who underwent teeth examination and preventive treatment at the Kurashiki Kankyo Health Center both increased year after year.
3) The percentage of caries experienced by 0 year old children was 0%; 1 year old children: 20.3%; 2 year old children: 49.4%; 3 year old children: 68.8%; and children 4 year of age and older: 77.8%.
4) The percentage of caries found in teeth of 1 year old children was 5.0%; 2 year children: 12.1%; 3 year old: 18.1%; children 4 year and loder: 27.6%.
5) The percentage of caries found in teeth was highest for central milk incisors and second milk molars in the upper and lower jaw, respectively. On the other hand, this was lowest for first milk molars and lateral milk incisors in respective jaws.
6) We have been rsearching factors that cause the dental caries of young children from the view point of preventive dentistry. The relationship between the birth weight and the rate of de(m)f teeth was found to be as follows: the rate was statistically higher for children whose weight was below 2,500 g, (low birth weight infants), and also higher for children with the habit of irregular eating between meals than for those with regular eating habits.

View full abstract

1. The authors encountered a case of a submerged deciduous tooth (E) in a girl, aged 7 years and 7 months at the first examination.
2. Macroscopically, only a pus-discharge opening similar to a fistula was observed at the alveolar crest corresponding to E.
3. Roentogenologically, radiolucency, similar to that of dental caries, involving the mesial two thirds of the crown was observed. In part, clear periodontal space was lacking.
4. Microscopically, the periodontal tissue covering the disintegrated crown showed chronic granular inflammation. The pulpal tissue showed tissue findings similar a to the those of periodontal membrane.
5. Scanning electron-microscopically, fractured dentine surfaces showing clear lamination were observed in the crown.

View full abstract

A case of a linear nevus sebaceous syndrome in an 8-year-old girl was investigated.
The patient was the product of a 37-week gestation and normel vaginal delivery from an 27-year-old mother and a 27-year-old father. The family history was negative with respect to any congenital deformity. At birth, linear nevus sebaceous extended from the froehead to the upper lip. She also manifested convulsions and mental retardation.
Oral examination showed the following:
1. The oral lesions were limited to the right side, agreeing with the predominant side of the linear nevus on the face, the abnormalities of electroencephalogram, and the enlargement of the lateral ventricle in the pneumoencephalogeaphy.
2. The carpal bones radiograph demonstrated normal development of bone, and skull radiographs showed no morphological abnormalities of the skull and face. The cephalogram illustrated the enlargement of mandibular angle and upper and lower alveolar protrusion.
3. The number of permanent teeth was normal, but the upper right central and lateral incisors nad the canine showed morphological abnormalities and ectopic eruption. The mesio-distal lengths of 64321 were from 4 SD to 6 SD, larger than the Japanese mean Values.
4. Oral mucosal involvement was limited to the right side, as mentioned above. The upper lip, cheek, and tongue appeared whitish and lacking in tension. The gingiva showde inflammatious hypertrophy. The palatine mucosa appeared to be of normal color, but showed surface roughness and lacked transverse palatine ridges. There was swelling in the right side palate. It was rather fluidi.
5. Biopsy of a gingival lesion showed parakeratosis and a palatal lesion showed parakeratosis and elongation of the rete ridge.

View full abstract

The subgects were 45 CHD patients (acyanotic type,23 cases and cyanotic type,22 cases), who visited the Pedodontics Clinic of Kobe Children's Hospital. Their ages ranged from 1 to 10 years. Thirty-one patients were geven dental treatment exactly the same as for normal children.
In addition, the lowed aged cyanotic patients are much less cooperative during dental procedures. Poor oral hygine contributes to a significant increase in severe dental caries in the CHD patients (cyanotic type) in comparison with normal children. For these reasons,14 patients had to be treated under general anesthesia.
CHD suffering from heart-failure have been Digitalis, Lasix or Protanol for an extended period. After surgery for valve replacement patients are routinely placed on anticoagulant therapy. Wafarine (Anticoagulant agent) may show coagulation disturbances after an extraction. For such patients, it is suggested that the amount of the agent be reduced or removed before extraction.
Patients with CHD have a marked predisposition towards developing a subacute bacterial endocarditis. Therefore, Erythromycine or Penicilline, was administered at the rate of 100 mg/kg of body weight for about 4 days following extraction.
For prevention of dental caries, prophylaxis is more important in the case of CHD children than with normal children. It should be stressed to the patients or their parents that periodic examination, topical application of fluoride and pit and fissure sealants are of special importance.

View full abstract