This histopathological study was undertaken to investigate the pulpal response to Panavia EX as compared with that of HY-Bond Polycarboxylate Cement as a control in ninty-two primary teeth of eight young dogs. Postoperative intervals were 3,7,14 and 21 days.
The results were as follows:
1. The most intense response was observed at the 3-day postoperative interval in both the Panavia EX and HY-Bond Polycarboxylate Cement groups, but it decreased with time.
2. Pulpal response was more intense in the Panavia EX group than in the HYBond Polycarboxylate Cement group; therefore, it was indicated that Panavia EX was slightly irritative to the pulp of the primary teeth, but it is presumed that its pulpal response was not so severe as to cause damage to the pulp.

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper was to state a statistical observation on patients receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia at the Pedodontic-clinic during a 20 year period (1964-1983). The results were as follows.
1.1411 patients (837 boys and 574 girls) were treated under general anesthesia.
2. The number of patients per year was about 100 during the years 1969-1972and gradually decreased to about 30 in the years 1982-1983.
3. Since 1973, cases from 1-5 years of age decreased but was from 6-10 years of age increased. During the 10 year period from 1974 to 1983, about 70%of all cases were children over 6 year of age.
4. Handicapped patient increased from 1973 and almost cases were handicapped children during the years 1977-1983.
5. The number of treated teeth per patient was from 10 to 13 on the average during the 20 year period. The number of treated permanent teeth increased but that of primary teeth decreased from the year 1973.
6. The number of restored teeth showed a gradual increase from the year 1964, but that of extracted teeth showed a decrease from the year 1969. The restored permanent teeth increased from the year 1973.
7. Concerning the type of restorative treatment, about 30% of the caries teeth were treated with composite resin during the years 1981-1983. The use of the preformed metal crown gradually increased and about 20-40% of the primary teeth were treated with it during the years 1973-1983.
8. The length of treatment showed gradually increase. During the year 1982-1983, the length was over 120 minutes in about 60% of the cases.

View full abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the demands of Progressive Muscular Dystrophy (P. M. D. ) patients and the needs of the dentist, by means of questionaries and the observational records of the daily behaviour by the paramedical staff, and to establish systematic dental health administration for the D type P. M. D. patients. The subjects compromised 38 D type of P. M. D. patients who were housed in the institution of Minami-Kyushu Hospital.
The results obtained were as follows:
1) The masticatory problem was the easily contacted subject for the dental health administration for the D type P. M. D. patients.
2) The masticatory problem was classified into 3 steps as follows: Step 1: the extent to as same level as the healthy subjects. Step 2: the extent of a small influence on the daily life of the patients. Step 3: the extent of the need for the food guidance. and we indicated the needs of coping with each of them.
3) In fact, we need to give instruction concerning masticatory and occclusional problems at least until the initial or even the middle stage of the setting of the mixed dentition.
4) Dentist and the paramedical staff must conduct the followin.:
a) the betterment of foods for the patiedts who need to be under food gui dance.
b) for preventing the open bite, the occlusal induction needs to chiefly given to the Dento-Alveolar changes of incisors.
c) and the trainning of masticatory muscles for maintaining the proper masticatory function.

View full abstract

The present report deals with the results of the studies on the correlation between the whole body functional development and the eating function in handicapped children who stay at home, which were performed on consignment of Tokyo Metropolitan City in 1983. In a succession of studies performed in 1982, various tests such as the Japanese system-revision of the Denver screening test, the oral function impairment test, macroscopic examination of the oral cavity and the eating function test, were performed.
The findings obtained were that retarded development of the eating function tended to be accompanied by higher gradings in the caries score, a higher ratio carious teth and mean deft per head as well as a high caries prevalence retio and that the impairmenat of oral function was practically independent of age in almost of the cases, except a few cases in which the impairment became more serious with age. With respect to the correlation between the whole body functional development and the eating function, the cases with better oral functions at the time of eating showed better development with a higher index of the whole body development. When conjecturing the development of the eating function on the basis of the whole body development, observations had to be made with special attention both on aspects of the individual and nis social daily life and on the aspects of walking with rough movements. Moreover, the aspect of lingual understanding was also important, and it was suggested that the acceleration of the lingual development may result in the development of the oral function.

View full abstract

This study was initiated to investigate the in vivo changes of pit and fissure sealant over a long term.
In order to investigate the detailed changes of the relationship of sealant to the occlusal surface in the mouth, it is essential to locate the same point on the the series resin replicas which are taken from the succesive examinations. The technique to standardize the three-dimensional position of the resin replica was innovated and reported on in this article.
By utilizing the function of the optic microscope to measure the focus depth, the three points which are located on the occlusal surface and are considered not to be worn down by mustication, were so rotated that these points composed the same horizontal plane. These three points were always selected for the succesive samples, and were fixed accurately enough to observe the same area of observation.
The consecutive samples of the resin replicas taken from the same tooth, always standardized by this method, were observed by means of the scanning electron microscope and the surface contour analyzer. The latter data composed of the three dimensional coordinates were directly fed into the computer to give the longitudinal contour of the sealant and tooth surface at the same location as was observed by the scanning electron microscope.
As the result, it was indicated that the transitional zone between the sealant and tooth surface was smooth just after the sealant was performed, but at the twelve months later the sealant was abraided, and the discontinuous and concaved step appeared at the transitional zone.

View full abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate indirect pulp capping on deep carious lesions on vital human permanent teeth clinically and hito-pathologically.
Ten cases of vital human permanent teeth with deep carious lesions were studied in this experiment. The teeth were treated with indirect pulp capping under local anesthesia using a calcium hydroxide capping agent (Dycal) in 6cases and zinc oxide euginol cement (Neodyne) in 4 cases, then sealed with amalgam. The teeth were observed clinically for about 12 weeks,7 cases were extracted for histological examination. Three cases were reopened and the softened dentin was excised, lined with the capping agent, then permanent restorations were placed. The teeth were observed clinically 30 to 72 days thereafter and extracted for observing the histological process. Two cases of slight clinical symptoms which had disappeared a few days after were observed clinically. Another 8 cases were entirely asymptomatic clinically. Histologically, slight round cell infiltrations were observed in 3 cases in the pulp, while 4 cases of reparative dentin formation were observed in the pulpal wall.
As the results of this experiment the following conclusions were obtained.
1. Out of a total 10 cases,9 cases (90%) were evaluated clinically as being successful and 1 case (10%) as being fairly successful.
2. Histologically,8 cases (80%) were evaluated as successful,2 cases (20%)as fairly successful.
3. The indirect pulp capping technique is considered to be a conservatative and effective theraphy for vital permanent teeth with deep carious lesions, without exposure of vital pulp, with a high success rate, clinically and histologically.

View full abstract

National Sanatorium, Nagasaki Hospital Dental examinations were performed on 73 severely handicapped hospitalized children (38 males and 35 females) ranging in age from 4 years to 33 years and 8months (average 16 years and 5 months) in April,1984.
The following observations were made;
1. A total of 73 patients were examined,53 (72.6%) of whom suffered from cerebral palsy and 79.2% of them spasticity. As for the IQ range of the patients,83.6% of them were under 25 and the rest of them was between 25 to 50. As for the degree of the phisical handicap of the patients,53.4%were severe and 34.2% were moderate.
2. Of the 73 patients,8 had primary dentition,16 had mixed dentition, and 49 had permanet dentition.
3. Active dental caries were noted in 100% of the patients. In primary teeth, the def ratio was 52.2% and def index was 6.3; in permanent teeth, the DMF ratio was 54.3% and the DMF index was 13.3.
4. There was a statistically significant difference in the DMF ratio between the two groups classified by IQ range and the degree of the physical handicap and the high risk group showed a lower DMF ratio.
5. There was a statistically significant difference in the DMF ratio classified according to diet forms and white rice and soft diet group showed the highest DMF ratio, then the soft diet group, and the mixered group showed the lowest one.
6. There was a statistically significant difference in the def ratio between the two groups classified according to feeding habits and the group which needed help when eating showed a higher def ratio than the group which do not needed help or sometime needed help.
7. The mean ora1-debris scores (OHI-S) was 1.5±1.0. No statistically significant difference was seen between groups classified by IQ range and degree of the physical handicap, and diet forms. Of the 73 patients 66 (90.4%)needed overall help with tooth-brushing.
8. Of the 71 patients 37 (52.1%) suffered from periodontal disease. The mean value of the periodontal index (PI by Russel)was 1.5±2.3 1n the group classified according to diet forms, the mixered diet group showed the highest PI (3.1±2.9) and this is a statistically significant difference compared to the soft diet group.
9. Attrition was observed in 15 (20.8%) of the 72 patients.
10. Malocclusion was observed in 61 (88.4%) of the 69 patients. The incidence of anterior open bite was 50.7%, maxillary protrusion was 31.9%, crowding was 23.2%, and others was 21.7%.
11. Enamel anomalies were seen in 35 (54.7%) of the 64 patients. These anomalies included 45.3% with discoloration,21.9% with linear hypoplasia,17.2% with white spot, and 4.7% with slightly aplasia. In 57.1% of the cases showing enamel anomalies there was a correlation between the level of the lesion and the time when the systemic insult took place.

View full abstract

In Pedodontics, denture type space retainers, plates and FKO are often set in the case of children for denture guidance. When they are examined at denture adjustment or re-call, denture plaque is seen to have accumulated on the fitting surface. There are numerous reports concerning the denture plaque in the case of adults, and some have reported that Candida species were frequently isolated from the denture surface. However there is no report concerning this in the case of children. Therefore isolation of Candida species from the denture plaque of children whose ages ranged 3 to 18 (mean 10 years 5 months old) was attempted, and the results were as follows,1) The rate of Candida isolation was 41%.2) Candida species isolated were C. albieans A (59.1 %), C. albicans B (13.6%), C. pseudotropicalis (4.5%), C. tropicalis (2.3%), C. glabrata (2.3%), C. guilliermondii (2.3%), C. parakrusei (2.3%).3) There was a significant correlation between age of the subjects and the rate of Candida isolation.4) The rate of Candida isolation from the subjects who wore dentures, plates or FKO for more than 12 months was significantly higher than that for those who wore them less than 12 months.5) There was no significant difference between each ratio of Candida isolation based on the sex of the subjects, location of denture, plate or FKO, the kind of resin, the period of denture wearing per day and frequency of denture cleaning.6) There was a high correlation between denture plaque accumulation and number of colonies. However there was no correlation between denture plaque accumulation and the degree of redness of the mucosa under the denture, and between the number of colonies and the degree of redness.

View full abstract

A study was conducted for the purpose of grasping the characteristics of physical properties of foods which are eaten routinely and of classifying the foods by measuring such physical properties by a single set of standards. Using a texturometer, a total of 145 different kinds of routinelyeaten foods selected as samples were checked in order to find out their firmness, spring, cohesiveness and adhesiveness. Then, based on the measured values of parameters thus obtained, an overall classification of the foods was made. As for firmness, a sensory test was also conducted and the following results were obtained:
1) By means of principal component analysis using four parameters, the authors were able to classify the foods into six food types as follows:
(i) Basic-type foods: these include boiled vegetables and fruit. They have no adhesiveness and all other parameters are low.
(ii) Type-I foods: the main items are fish and meat. As firmness increases, so do spring and cohesiveness.
(iii) Type-II foods: these include mainly raw vegetables and confectionery with low adhesiveness. Firmness is higher then in the previous two types but this type is about the same as the basictype in spring and cohesiveness.
(iv) Adhetion foods: these have adhesiveness and as the adhesiveness increases, so do spring and cohesiveness. Main items in this category are starchy foods.
(v) Sponge foods: representative one in this category is sponge cake. Firmness is low but spring and cohesiveness are high.
(vi) Gel foods: as firmness increases, so does spring. An example is 'Kamaboko'(boiled fish paste). Types I and II and adhesion and gel foods were further classified quantitively into three groups.
2) As to the distribution of firmness, the food items were found to concentrate on those showing small measured values, and 60% of the whole was occupied by food items that were sensed as being soft.
3) As a result of ranking of the foods by parameter, it was found that, while potatoes and fruit were ow both in spring and cohesiveness, meat tended to be high in both of these two parameters. In addition 18% of the samples possessed adhesiveness.983

View full abstract

This study was conducted by focusing attention on the neuromuscular system, which plays a leading role in the masticatory functions, and on the physical properties of foods, and with the purpose of clarifying electromyographically how the firmness of foods, in particular, affects the activities of the masticatory muscles at the time of chewing.
A total of 20 persons,10 males and 10 females, all adults who were regarded as having the normal occlusion were used as subjects. As for the food items to be used in the experiment, the authors, form among the routinely used food items, selected four items (white peach, sugared red-beans, apple and hard buiscuit) on which the differences resulting from the degree of firmness could be objectively grasped as explained in the 1st Report in this Study.
For this electromyographic observation, the authors chose as subjects the anterior temporal muscle, posterior temporal muscle, masseter muscle, muscle mentalis and anterior digastricus muscle, and, as a result of comparative examination of the records made of thir observation from the start of chewing until the completion of swallowing of the different food items, obtained the following conclusions:
1. As the firmness increased, the numbet of masticatory strokes generally tended to increase. Howerer as for the apple and the sugared beans, a tendency was observed where the number of masticatory strokes was either about the same or in referse of the firmness.
2. The relatisn between E Burst and firmness and that between firmness and the number of masticatory strokes showed the same pattern, and thus it is possible to estimate, to some extent, the masticatory functions from the unmber of masticatory strokes.
3. An extremely high correlationship was seen between the overall physical property (chewiness), or the physical properties grasped in their entirety, and the ΣBurst.

View full abstract

Caries-inducing activity of corn syrup which contains mono- and oligosaccharides, with maltose as its principal constituents, was examined in vitro and in vivo.
In vitro experiments, acid production and insoluble glucan synthesis from corn syrup by Streftococcus mutans were examined. Furtheremore, the effect of corn syrup on synthesis of insoluble glucan by GTase of S. mutans and on the adherence of S. mutans cell to glass surface were assessed in the presence of sucrose.
In vivo experiments, the effect of corn syrup on caries development was examined in SPF Sprague-Dawely rats which had been infected with S. mutans MT8148R (serotype c) or 6715 (g) and fed cries-inducing diet 2000 or diet replacing sucrose to the corn syrup being. tested. The following results were obtained.
1. Corn syrup can be utilized as the substrate for acid production but not for insoluble glucan synthesis by S. mutans.
2. Corn syrup significantly inhibited the insoluble glucan syntheisis from sucrose.
3. Corn syrup was proved to be of low cariogenicity in rats.

View full abstract

The role of glucose in sucrose-induced dental caries was examined in SPF Sprague-Dawley rats which had been infected with Streptocococcus mutans MT8148R (serotype c) or 6715 (g) and fed the caries-inducing diet 2000 or diet replacing sucrose with glucose being tested. Glucose was found to developed significant dental caries in rats, whereas sucrose manifested notable induction of dental caries. However, the severity of the dental caries induced by glucose was much lighter than that by sucrose and carious lesions were located in the fissures of the occlusal surfaces. On the other hand, addition of glucose to sucrose in diet resulted in a significant enhancement of sucrose-induced dental caries.

View full abstract

Oral examinations were made at the first visit for a total of 60,647 child patients (31,233 boys and 29,414 girls). Through visual and/or x-ray examinations,900cases with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary incisor area were found (the incidence of 1.48%).
Analyses of the 682 cases were made regarding the number of patients examined, the number of supernumerary teeth, the frequency of the occurrence according to developmental stages, and the eruption patterns.
The results were as follows.
1. The number of patients with supernumerary tooth/teeth
1) 682 pationts consisted of 505 boys (74.05%) and 177 girls (25.95%), an the sex ratio was 1: 0.35 favoring males.
2) 522 (76.54%) of 682 cases had a single supernumerary tooth, and 160(23.46%) had multiple supernumerary teeth, and the ratio was 1: 0.31 in favor of a single supernumerary tooth.
3) 377 (72.22%) of 522 cases with a single supernumerary tooth were male, and 145 (27.78%) of 522 were female, and the sex ratio was 1: 0.38 favoring the males.
4) 128 (80.00%) of 160 cases with multiple supernumerary teeth were male, and 32 (20.00%) of 160 were female, and the sex ratio was 1: 0.25 favoring males.

View full abstract

A very rare case of occurrence in the contiguity of the odontoma and a follicular cyst was found at 3. in a 11-year-old girl.
1. This odontoma was a compound odontoma and the follicular cyst surrounded the crown of 3.
2. The surrounding connective tissue of the compound odontoma was not connected to the cyst walls of the follicular cyst.
3. The site of occurrence was very rare for both compound odontoma and follicular cysts.

View full abstract

This is a case of congenial hemihypertrophy. This case was observed from the time the patient was 5 years old until she was 9 years 2 months old. Observations were made from the dental point of view of the oral condition.
The findings were as follows;
1. We found hypertrophy which involved a right maxillofacial and a left cnemial. These elements have to be soon continued from the time of the first examination.
2. The complexion area revealed bilateral dissymmetry, especialy the right zygomatic process to the submandibulor, and there were found soft and hard tissue. Also eye, ear and lips were in eccentric positions.
3. The dental arch shifted and showed distrophism, too, and the tongue showed right hypertrophy.
4. Radiographic examinations showed growth acceleration and missing teeth in the affected side. Also right lateral teeth germs were more acceleratied than chronological age, but left side was somewhat retarded. The braincase area did not show any dissymmetry.
5. Deciduous teeth were standard size. However the right premolar teeth and first permanent molar have a tendency to macro. The left side molars are standard however.

View full abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine the analgesic effects of Naixan (Naproxen) clinically. The subjects were two hundred child patients who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Kyushu University Hospital. This medicine was administered mainly to patients after tooth extraction and the information was obtained from a questionnaire on the drugs used.
The following results were obtained.
1. The rate of efficacy of Naixan (Naproxen) was 78.8%. The time of the apnearance of the effect. ease of administration and side effects were also examined and discussed. All in all, the satisfactory usefulness of Naixan (Naproxen) was apparent in Pediatric dentistry.
2. Judging from the condition of patients after the dental treatment (mainly tooth extraction), the conclusion was that anodynes should be prescribed after surgical treatment in pediatric dentistry.

View full abstract

1. A Mucocele was found in a school boy,6 years and 5 months old at his first visit, with an inordinate lip biting habit.
2. Because of the absence of subjective symptoms, the lesion was left unattended for 3 months from the time of its first occurrence and the lesion underwent disintegration and recurrence several times.
3. For treatment, the lesion was enucleated and the lip biting habit which was considered to have provocated the lesion was corrected.
4. The general pathohistological structure [of the enucleated protion ] showed the lesion to be mucous granuloma reported to be a comparatively frequent type of Mucocele.
5. The neurohistological findings indicated sensory nerves showing in part degeneration such as tortous course, swelling, and laceration. These findings were suggestive of a correlation with the absence of subjective symptoms, such as pain, in the case of Mucocele.

View full abstract