Immediately after the injection of about 10c.c. of 0.1-1.0% Arabian rubber solution (in 0.9% NaCl solution) or 0.5% agar solution or 15% decoct. rad. altheae into the jugular vein of a horse, a striking phenomenon appears which lasts a short course of time, say, from a few minutes to 10 minutes or more. In most cases the horse survives, but there are sometimes fatal cases.
From a clinical point of view, or from physico-chemical examinations of blood, no remarkable difference could be found among those phenomena caused by the injection of different kinds of solution. Especially the phenomena due to the first two kinds of solution resemble each other so much that we cannot distinguish one from another. They both bear a close resemblance to an anaphylactic shock. The following is the short description of the phenomena.
Clinical symptoms.
Immediately after the injection, the animal becomes restless and begins to move or sway its body. The exposed mucous membranes become extremely pale, accompanied by difficult respiration, rapid and irregular pulsation and accerelated peristalsis. False mastication, salivation and perspiration are also to be noticed. Excretion of feces is a constant symptom. Tremor of the whole body or of a certain group of muscles is noticed. Within a short course of time the animal manifests comatic symptoms: it can no longer bear to loading, lies down or falls down if the case is very severe. After lying down dyspnoea becomes more marked. The anaemia of the exposed mucous membranes is within a few minutes followed by remarkable hyperaemia.
All the symptoms as described above subside in 10-30 minutes and the general condition of the animal becomes quite normal, but, as mentioned above, there are some exceptional cases which result in death.
Changes in the blood.
The principal changes in the blood taken from the horse injected are as follows:
(1) Remarkable leucopenia lasting a short course of time, (2) Relative increase of the red blood corpuscles, (3) Increase of the solid substance esp. the sugar in blood plasma (hyperglycaemia), (4) Momentary increase of the CO₂, content in blood plasma, followed by its decrease i. e. acidosis, (5) Temporary rise in blood pressure immediately followed by its fall etc.
In order to determine those changes in the blood, I have employed the following methods; -Pulfrich's immertion refractometer method (reading the deviation of the refraction index of blood serum) for the determination of the solid substances in blood plasma, Bang's method (1920) for the measurement of sugar content in the total blood, Mayer and Bailey's method for the same in blood plasma, Van Slyke's method for the measurement of the CO₂ content in blood plasma and Ludwig's method for the purpose of determining blood pressure, using a mercury manometer connected with arteria carotis communis of the horse by means of a rubber tube.
The relation between the intensity of those phenomena and the concentration or dose of the colloidal solution is not clear yet, but it seems probable from the results obtained in 22 cases (Arabian rubber solution in 15 cases, agar solution in 6 cases, decoct. rad. altheae in 1 case) that the intensity of the phenomena has an intimate relationship to the individual disposition. In those 22 cases (21 horses) I have noticed, though there was only one animal which showed no reaction to the first injection, that the intensity of the symptom became gradually weaker according to the repetition of injection. In the horse narcotised by the administration of chlorat. hydrat. no or very slight reaction to the injection of each of those colloidal solutions was observed. The mode of injection seems to exert a great influence upon the intensity of the phenomena which may also be brought about by subcutaneous injection.

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1.傳染性貧血病毒ノ抵抗力ハ乾燥及寒冷ノ状態ニ於テハ特ニ強クCarré&Vallée等ニヨルトキハ乾燥血清中ニアリテハ7箇月間尚生活力ヲ有スト謂ヒ又我臨時馬疫調査委員會ノ報告ニヨルトキハ毒血ヲ12月ヨリ翌年4月マデ雪中ニ置クニ病毒尚死滅セザリシト謂フ
余ハ毒血ヲ以テ寒冷ニ對スル抵抗力ヲ調査セントシ0,9%食鹽水ヲ以テシタル1.5%ちとらーと液上ニ1:3ノ割合ニ採血シ凝固ヲ防ギ無菌的ニ0°-2°C.氷室ニ貯藏シテ時々取出シ健馬ニ注射ヲ行ヒテ發病性如何ヲ觀察シタルニ1箇年間貯藏ノ分ハ尚毒性ヲ有シ健馬ヲシテ21日ノ濳伏期ヲ以テ發病セシメタリシガ2箇年貯藏ノ分ハ發病性ヲ失ヘルヲ認メタリ
2.再歸熱病原すぴろへーてノ抵抗力ニ就テハ既ニ二三ノ研究業績アリ即チHeidenreichニヨレバ零度内外ニ於ケル生存期ハ9時間乃至3日間ナリト謂ヒ又Manteufelニヨレバ再歸熱すぴろへーてヲ含有スル脱纖血液ヲ氷室ニ置クニ10-14日ニシテ運動性ヲ失ヒ傳染力消失スト然ルニ余ハすぴろへーて.だっとにニ就テ研究調査セルニ驚クベキ長期間生活力ヲ有スルコトヲ認メタリ即チらって20匹ニまうすノ病血ヲ皮下注射シ第6日目1000倍擴大暗視野照射ニヨリ血液中1-5箇ノ原蟲ヲ認メタル時心臟穿刺ヲ行ヒテ全部採血シ1:2ノ割合ニちとらーと上ニ注ギテ凝固ヲ防ギ無菌的處置ノ下ニ全部混合ノ上小試驗管ニ分注シ氷室ニ貯藏シテ15日毎ニ取出シ0.5c.c.宛まうすノ皮下ニ注射ヲ行ヒ發病如何ヲ觀察シタルニ3箇月半貯藏ノ分マデ發病力アルラ確メタリ而シテ接種發病濳伏期ハ貯藏30日頃ニ及ブマデハ4日ナリシガ以下漸次延長シ2箇月半ヨリ3箇月半トナルニ從ヒ7日トナルヲ見タリ
斯クノ如ク同一すぴろへーてノ抵抗力ニ關シ研究者ニヨリテ成績區々ナル所以ハ之ニ用フル試驗動物ノ種類ニ從ヒテ感受性,抵抗力等ノ異ナルニ因ルコト多カランモ採血ノ時期ニヨリテモ大ニ消長ヲ異ニスベシ即チすぴろへーて.おーべるまいえりニ就テNovy&Knapp等ノ研究セシ所ニヨレバ疾病ノ初期ニ採リタル血液ハ40日ヲ經過スルモ尚發病力アルニ反シ恢復直前ニ採リタルモノハ生活力非常ニ短シト之レ即チ疾病ノ後期トナルニ從ヒ免疫物質ノ増加スルニ由來スルコト大ナルヤ論ナカルベシ
更ニ余ハすぴろへーて.だっとにヲ用ヒテ37°C.孵卵器内ニ於ケル状態ヲ調査セルニ7日間生存スルモ8日ニ至リテ死滅シ其接種濳伏期ハ初メ3日ナリシモ貯藏6日7日トナルニ從ヒテ5日7日ト延長スルヲ認メタリ

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Rinderpest is an acute infectious disease of cattle. As is described in literatures cattle are most predisposed to this disease but the severity of the attack varies somewhat with the species of them. Nicolle & Adil-Bey reported that the Russian steppecattle offer considerable resistance to rinderpest, but Rogers stated that Indian cattle raised in plain field are less susceptible than those in mountainous districts. Rogers & Kolle attribute the above fact to what is called an acquired immunity which has developed in the plain field species as a result of frequent prevalence to which they had been exposed.
The writers are also acquainted with the fact that the Chinese cattle are highly resistant to natural infection of rinderpest. It seems highly probable that they possess acquired immunity as the disease is generally distributed throughout China. Japanese cattle have no strong resistance, so it has occasioned enormous losses due to the prevalence of this disease which was introduced by cattle imported from China or Siberia.
Rinderpest is rare in sheep and goat which offer considerable resistance to its infection but sometimes an epidemic form of it is found among them. This fact has already been reported by Koch, Theiler & Pitchford, Kolle & Türner and others.
In Japan, only one case of the disease occured among the sheep which were kept in the Animal Quarantrine Station at Yokohama.
While pigs, camels, antilopes and buffaloes are highly resistant to this disease, some cases of natural infection among them have been reported.
With respect to Rinderpest in deer, Hutyra and Marek have already stated in their book that they are also predisposed to it, but no precise description based upon experimental study has been lacking. The deer occupies an important position among animals in our country, for we find them not only growing wild in nearly all districts of this land but also being raised in a great number in shrines or public gardens.
It needs, therefore, no display of argument that an experimental study on rinderpest in deer will have an important bearing upon the general problem regarding the prevention of the disease in this country.
It is already confirmed by many investigators that the disease is due to an ultramicroscopic virus found in the blood, tissue fluid, etc. of an infected animal. The minimum lethal dose of the blood virus (0.002c.c.) determined by Koch and that (0.001c.c.) by Nitta & Sanui well agree with the results obtained by Kolle & Türner. Although the blood of an infected animal has thus been proved to contain the virus, studies as to changes in the blood are very scarce; Marcet has studied the chemical change of blood, while Oudemans has worked with analysis of blood and serum from infected cattle, Furstenburg & Beale, Gerlach and Réfik-Bey have made some microscopical investigations of blood.
The writers employing three Japanese deer (Cervus sika) and three calves as controll animals have made some experiments regarding their resistance or susceptibility to rinderpest and moreover studied the changes in the blood taken from infected animals.
The following is the brief description of the results of our investigations:
(1) Deer are, like cattle, predisposed to rinderpest. The severity of the disease in them is almost alike to that in cattle. In all three deer which were used for the experiment, natural infection and an inoculation with the virus have resulted in the development of the disease.
(2) Deer infected with rinderpest have shown symptoms which closely resemble those in cattle. In the case of natural infection, the period of incubation did not exceed 10 days and the animal died in the course of 5 days.

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馬ニ於テ氣管截開術ハ通常無麻醉ノ下ニ行ハルルモノナリ然レドモ騒擾性又ハ敏感的ノ動物ニ於テハ局所麻醉ヲ施スノ便ナルハ言ヲ俟タザル可シ余ハ今日迄30頭ノ解剖馬ニ就テ本手術ニ對スル麻醉術式ヲ研究シ大約次ニ記スル如キ方法ヲ以テ滿足チル結果ヲ得タリ
手術ス可キ部即チ氣管ノ前面ノ皮下ニ横徑4cm縦徑10cmノ菱形麻醉ヲ施シ次デ菱形ノ左右角點ヨリ氣管ノ側面ニ向ツテ各側2個ノ針刺ヲ行ヒ氣管面ニ麻醉液ヲ注射セル後徐々ニ針ヲ拔キツツ胸骨舌骨筋及胸骨甲状筋ニ麻醉液ヲ注射ス氣管輪内ニ麻醉藥ヲ注射スルノ要無シ又筋肉麻醉モ多量ノ液ヲ要セズもすと氏ガ人ニ於テ行ヘル如ク氣管ヲ麻醉藥ヲ以テ圍ムノ要ナキガ如シ即チ氣管ハ單ニ手術ス可キ全面ノミノ麻醉ヲ以テ充分無痛ニ截開シ得ルモノナリ
麻醉藥ノ使用量ハ2-16c.c.ニシテ液ハ1%こかいんあどれなりん溶液ナリ

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Many valuable reports on strangles have already been published, but studies on the complement fixation are very scarce. In 1922, Broco-Russeu, Forgeot, and Urbain reported that they obtained positive results in the complement fixation test with a serum produced from horses immunized against streptococcus equi and an antigen obtained from it, while the test with an antigen from other kinds of streptococcus gave always negative results.
Having been engaged since 1921 in the determination of an antibody which is thought to be present in an immune serum against strangles, the writer has come to the following conclusions:
1. A serum produced from rabbits hyperimmunized against streptococcus equi gives always positive results in the complement fixation test, and the diversity of antigens, whether made from the corresponding streptococcus equi or from other strains of it, exerts little influence upon this reaction.
2. The immune rabbit's serum against streptococcus equi gives positive results in the complement fixation test in which is employed an antigen from the hemolytic streptococci isolated from cows, swine, goats, and dogs; the results, however, are negative, if a non-hemolytic streptococcus be used as antigen (one case in exception).
3. The serum from horses highly immunized against streptococcus equi has the same property as that from immune rabbits.
4. The serum from horses attacked by strangles gives either positive or negative results, but the serum from horses which have some metastatic abcesses in the abdominal cavity, gives always positive results.

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In this Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3, I reported on the occurrence, symptoms and necropsy of some cases of bovine influenza, confirming that in the saliva, nasal discharge, lungs and other organs of an infected anmal a bipolar bacillus is always found, which is highly vilurent against mice, rabbits, sheep and cattle. The serological experiments carried out with the bacilli and the blood serum from infected cattle gave always positive results, consequently rendering it possible to distinguish the normal blood serum from the infected. As regards the treatment, I found that a serum taken from cattle highly immunized against the bacillus has a curative power for the disease. From the facts above mentioned I concluded that the bacillus is closely related with the disease.
Fortunately an opportunity has come to me to make further investigations on this subject towards the end of March, last year, occurred among calves and cows in a dairy herd near the city of Tokyo an infectious disease which attacked 14 calves and 23 cows within a course of one month. By reasonable treatments and the application of an immune serum against the bacillus all the infected cows recovered from the disease but these measures were not effective in the calves; thus the number of cases among them increased continually till it reached 22, of which 13 have fallen victims to the. disease.

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本編ノ結論ハ次ノ如シ
1.狂犬病毒ヲ注射セル動物ノ血像主トシテ白血球ニ於テハ病毒注射後漸次白血球數減少シ發症直前又ハ發症ト同時ニ増加ヲ始メ麻痺期ニ入ルニ隨ヒテ益ゝ増加ス而シテ瀕死期ニ於テハ注射前白血球數ノ約2倍以上ニ達スルモノ多キモ經過短カキ病獸ニアリテハ減少ノ傾向ヲ示ス
2.淋巴細胞ハ注射後漸次増加スルモ發症ノ直前ニ至リ減少ヲ始メ麻痺瀕死期ニ入ルニ隨ヒテソノ度ヲ増加シ甚ダシキハ注射前ノ1/7ニ減少セルヲ見タリ
3.中性多核白血球ハ前者ニ反シ注射後漸次ニ減少スレドモ發症直前又ハ發症ト同時ニ増加ヲ來シ麻痺瀕死期ニ入リテ著シク健常數ヲ超過シ注射前ノ約2倍ニ増加セルヲ見タリ
4.大單核及移行型ハ發症後多クハ増加ノ傾向ヲ示シ注射前ノ約2倍ニ達セシモノヲ見タリ
5.えおじん及鹽基性白血球ニハ何等異状ナキモ多クノ場ニ於テ減少シ殆ンド發見スルヲ得ザリキ
6.發症後麻痺期ニ於テハ骨髓細胞異形骨髓細胞桿状核中性白血球ノ漸次増加セルヲ見タリ
7.赤血球ハ全經過中異状型ヲ發見セズ間々Howell-Jolly小體ニ類スルモノヲ見ルノミ
8.對照トシテ健康腦ヲ注射セルモノノ血像ヲ觀察スルニ何等異状ナシ唯淋巴細胞ノ僅カニ増加シタルヲ見タルノミ
9.狂犬病斃獸ノ體内ニ於ケル病毒ノ分布状態ヲ檢スルニ血液脾臟肺臟腎臟涙腺筋肉及骨髓ハ病毒ヲ含有セズ肝臟膵臟副腎及淋巴腺ハ往々ニシテ病毒ヲ含有セルコトアリ前房水及顎下腺ハ稀レニ病毒ヲ含有セザルコトアルモ其ノ大多數ハ有毒ナリ大腦脊髓及神經叢ハ悉ク有毒即病原體ヲ含有セルヲ見ル
10.前記試驗成績ニ依リテ之レヲ見レバ白血球ノ變化ハ造血臟器ノ機能異常ノ結果タルベク而モ造血臟器ハ多クノ場合無毒ナルノ事實ヨリシテ想定スレバ此ノ變化ハ造血臟器ニ異状ヲ惹起セシムベキ刺戟物恐ラクハ狂犬病毒素ニヨルモノナルベシ

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