著者ハ數年來本症ニツキテ研究シ次ノ如キ結果ヲ得タリ
1.北海道ニ於ケルぴろぷらずま症ノ原因トシテハ2種ノPiroplasmaヲ認メザルベカラズ而シテソノ一ハ大形ニシテP.bigeminumニ酷似シ他ハ小形ニシテP.mutansニ類似ス
2.該兩種ノ混合感染ハヨク畜牛ヲシテ本症ノ特徴的症候ヲ發セシムルモ小形種ノ純粹感染ハ放牧,分娩等ノ誘因ヲ俟ツテ初メテ發症セシムルモノナリ大形種ヲ小形種ヨリ分離スルコト不可能ニシテ大形種ノ純粹感染ヲ生ゼシムルコト能ハズ
3.小形種ハ感染牛ノ流血中ニ一度現出スレバ爾後常ニ鏡檢ニヨリ檢出シ得ベキモ大形種ハ反之一旦現出スルモ軈テ消失シ爾後其證明極メテ困難ナリ大形種ノ感染確定ニハ接種試驗ニ依ルヲ最良トス
4.本症ニ罹病スルカ或ハ發症スルニ至ラザルモ該兩種ノ混合感染ヲ受クル時ハソノ耐過後ニ於テ該牛ニ本症ニ對スル一定ノ免疫性ヲ附與ス但シ小形種ノミノ感染ヲ蒙リ而モ發病セザル際ハ該免疫ヲ獲得セズ
5.一定ノ注意ヲ以テ行ハレタル兩種ノ混合接種ハ有毒地方ノ畜牛ニ對シ豫防接種トシテ用フルコトヲ得ベシ

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牛肺疫病毒ノ形態ニ就テハ從來多數學者ニヨリ種々研究ヲ遂ケラレシト雖未タ其ノ一定スル形態ヲ首肯スルニ至ラス余ハ之ガ研究ノ目的ニ羽里氏考案ノ本病毒染色法ヲ追試スルト共ニ之ニ多少ノ改良ヲ加ヘテ極メテ優美ナル標本ヲ作製スルヲ得タリ即チ牛、馬、緬羊又ハ家兎血清加ぶいおん及牛又ハ馬血清加寒天斜面ニ發育セル本病毒ニツキ連日1ケ月間檢査シテ得タル所見ヲ比較綜合スレバ大要次ノ如シ
1.本病毒ハ發育増殖ニ際シ一定ノ發育系ヲ示ス即チ培養ノ經過日數ニ應ジ球形(培養後1-3日以内)-糸状形、竹根状形、樹技状形、芝状形(培養後3-5日目)-〓いぶりお形,球形、球杆状形(培養後5-7日目)-球形、球杆状形(培養後7-14日目)-球形(培養後14日以後)ノ順序ニ諸種形態ヲ呈スルモ猶種々ノ中間移行形及稀レニ稍々陳舊培養液ニ於テ少數ノ糸状形等ヲ認ムルコトアリ
2.〓いぶりお形、球形及球杆状形ヲ呈スル時期ニ於テハ鏡下ニ可視スヘキ個數最モ多數ニシテ且着色性良好ナリ之ニ反シ培養後期ニ認ムル形態ニアリテハ一般ニ着色性不良ニシテ可視個數僅少ナルヲ常トス
3.本病毒形態ノ球形ヲ呈スルモノニツキ擴大培數ヲ約1000倍トシテ其ノ大小ヲ比較スルニ顯微鏡下ニ可視稍不能ノ著シク微細ナルモノト明カニ可視シ得ヘキ稍大ナルモノトヲ認メ培養ノ一定期ヲ經レハ後者ノ減少ニ反シテ前者ノ増數ヲ來シ然モ培養濾液ニ移行スヘキ病毒ハ殆ンド後者ニ限ラルルヲ認ム
4.緬羊、馬又ハ家兎血清加ぶいおん培養ニアリテハ何レモ所謂本病毒ノ諸種形態檢査ニ適シ牛血清加ぶいおん培養ニアリテハ病毒ノ形態概シテ纎細ナルヲ認ム
5.牛又ハ馬血清加寒天斜面ニ發育セル病毒ハ液體培養ニ於ケルモノニ比シ着色稍困難ニシテ一定時期ノモノニ限リ鮮明ナル形能ヲ認メ得而シテ形成集落ニ於ケル病毒ノ形態ハ主トシテ〓いぶりお形、球杆状形ナリ又凝集水ニ發育セルモノノ形態ハ稍微細ナルモ略液體培養ニ於ケルモノニ一致ス
6.試驗ニ使用セル病毒株ハ15系ナルモ其等ノ形態的所見ニハ毫モ差異ヲ認メス
7.暗視野鏡檢上病毒ノ發育初期即チ多數ノ糸状、樹枝状又ハ竹根状形等ヲ呈スル時期ニアリテハ稍特徴アル形態トシテ其等ノ像ヲ認知スルコトヲ得ヘキモ他ノ時期ニ於ラハ病毒形態ノ確定ハ不能ナリ
8.本病毒ハ羽里氏ノ示ス如クくろーむ酸溶液ノ前所置ニヨリ鮮明ナルぎむざ氏染色像ヲ得ヘキモ余ハ次ノ如キ操作ノ應用ハ本病毒ノ發育系ヲ明視スルニ適スト認ム即チ(1)おぶぜくとぐらす上ニ病毒培養濃厚塗抹ヲ作リ風乾更ニ火焔固定ヲ爲ス(2)5%くろーむ酸溶液ニ浸漬スルコト2,3分間(3)充分丁寧ニ水洗(5)ぎむざ氏染色-蒸溜水30-40c.c.ニぎむざ氏液1.2-1.4c.c.ヲ稀釋セルモノニ室温(18-25°C.)ニ1-3時間次テ低温(5-7°C.)ニ15-20時間浸漬スルカ或ハ前記蒸溜水量ニぎむざ氏液0.9c.c.ヲ稀釋セルモノニ低温ニ於テ約40時間浸漬染色ス(6)水洗乾燥鏡檢

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1. It is proved by the infestation experiment with dogs that Gymnopleurus sinnatus is the intermediate host of Sp. sanguinotenta in the vicinity of Mukden, its larvae especially invading the wall of aorta.
2. Rabbits, if fed with lanolin or lard, also can be infested with larvae of the present parasite forming aneurysma, but these larvae can not develop to their mature stage in this improper host, being entirely destroyed within 4 months after infestation. Rabbits fed with the normal diet can not contract infestation with Sp. sanguinolenta.
3. The broken elastic lamellae are detected in the preparation from the invaded tissue of aorta stained with Weigert's fuchsin-resorcin solution.
4. The larvae of Sp. sanguinolenta, as the adults do, also carry the blood-colored fluid in their body cavities even 1 day after infestation.
5. It is deduced from various points of view that the parasite from Bl. orientalis pointed out as Sp. sanguinolenta by Grassi is in all probability one of allied species (Spirura sp.?).
I tender my warm thanks to Dr. K. Kasai, Director of the Institute, and to Prof. S. Yoshida for their cordial guidance.

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No study has been hitherto reported as regards the parasitic nodular typhlitis in chickens due to heterakid worms, though a considerable number of works has been made on the same lesion in pheasants by Lucet & Henry, Klee, Railliet, Letulle et Marotel, Schwartz and others.
Having examined six-hundred and twenty specimens of the chicken intestines taken from various poultry yards for other experimental purposes during past five years, I have found many larger and smaller helminthic nodules in the coecal wall of eighty specimens of them. The larger nodules, varing in size from a linseed to a pea, were found in the subserous and muscular coats, and not in the submucosa of the coeca in few specimens. These nodules could be detected easily with the naked eye from the outside of the coeca. By closer examination a caseous or calcareous degenerated part was seen in the centre of the nodules.
Each nodule was demonstrated to have contained single or several heterakid worms in various stages of the development.Many of the worms extracted from these nodules showed that they were appearently fully grown, but not yet sexually matured. In one of such nodules, seven specimens of fully developed mature worms were contained and determined to be Heterakis vesicularis.
Judging from the discovery of various stages of the worms from the coecal nodules and from the enlarged cavities of the coecal glands, it may be concluded that some of early-stage larvae might have penetrated the mucosa from the coecal glands and encysted in the muscular layer where they continued to grow and attained their sexual maturity.
The smaller nodules were found in the submucosa of the coeca of many specimens and were remarked to have the similar construction to those of the nodules due to the larvae of Ascaridia perspicillum which were discovered previously by the author in the muscular layer of the small intestine. About 12.1% of the chickens examined, were more or less affected with this nodular disease. The number of nodules found in a coecum counted one to twenty. Each nodule contained single specimen of a larval nema, measuring about 1mm. in length.
No difference was remarked between the larval worms in the coecal nodules and those in the nodules of the small intestine, and in my feeding expriments with the embryonated eggs of Heterakis vesicularis to chickens, such parasitic nodules could not be produced.
From the fact above mentioned it can be said that both larval worms may be identical. It is highly probable that a part of the larvae of Ascaridia perspicillum after hatching in the muscular stomach of the chickens undergo their further development in the lumen of the small intestine and some of the larvae especially in the winter season, penetrate the wall of the small intestine and are embedded there making the parasitic nodules and the remained part of them enter the coeca to produce the same nodular lesion in the submucosa.
Development of Heterakis vesicularis. A series of young chickens were used in the study of the development of Heterakis vesicnlaris.
These chickens were fed on the ripe infective eggs of this worm and after a period of from thirty-six hours to two months the chickens were examined postmortem to observe the state of the development of the worms. By carefully examining the contents of the coeca successive stages in the development of the larvae were obtained.
Within thirty-six hours after feeding of the eggs most of them hatched in the muscular stomach and a few freed larvae were found in the coeca, and on the examination of the chickens killed on the fourth day and thereafter, the young worms were seen in a large number in the coeca. But in many instances a few larvae still remained in the deep part of the mucosa of the small intestine, without producing nodules there for a long time.

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