Aspects of the drop production at a still surface of sea water by bursting of single air bubbles smaller than several mm in diameter are observed. The height of drop ejection, size of the drops and the efficiency of drop ejection are shown as a function of bubble size, for different temperatures. It is found that a remarkable critical diameter of a bubble exists with regard to the feature of the drop production. This critical diameter is about 4 mm.
Some characteristic features in the case of flocking bubbles on the sea water surface are also observed.

View full abstract

A general notice on the method to measure the size of water drops by filter paper is first described. Then the process of preparation of a dye-treated filter paper, which is suitable for the observation of sea water droplets, is reported.

View full abstract

In order to study the intrusion of sea water into inlets, chemical elements which usually found in sea water are measured in some inlets of Japan, with emphasis on the ratio of chlorinity between the sea and inlet waters. And to show how the value of the ratio varies according to the kinds of chemical elements, hydrographic conditions, and various characteristics of paricular inlets, the author made researches on calcium and magnesium in Urado Bay. The findings are as follows:-
1. Mixture of calcium shows a tendency to lag behind that of chlorinity in its earlier stages, while in its later stages it becomes quicker.
2. The quantity of calcium varies according to hydrographic conditions, even though the quantity of chlorinity to be the same.
3. The ratio of chlorinity to magnesium stays almost uniform irrespective of the variation in chlorinity. There cannot be found any appreciable difference due to hydrographic conditions.

View full abstract

The author has observed the distribution of chlorinity and of water temperature and the chlorinity ratios of calcium and magnesium in Susaki Bay.
The surface water of this bay is diluted by land water, with a chlorinity of 15-16 Cl‰ while the chlorinity of the bottom water is equal to that of the open sea water.
In stable inlet water where the chlorinity is more than 17 Cl‰, the average chlorinity ratio of magnesium is 0.06647 and that of calcium is 0.02140, the latter is a slightly higher value than in the sea water. The variation in the chlorinity ratio caused by differences in hydrographic conditions is slight in this bay.

View full abstract