(1) It was shown that, in lakes and sea, depositing particles adsorb sulphate selectively from the surrounding waters and bring them down to the bottom, where it is concentrated.
(2) In a number of cases, by the so named “ripening processes” the adsorbed sulphate is discharged into the free-pore-water so that the SO₄/Cl ratio in it becomes greater than in the overlying water.

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An observation on the vertical distribution of plankton in daytime through the depths sown to 100 metres was made at a station in Ishikari Bay, west coast of Hokkaido, in early June, 1947. Most of diatoms, such as Chaetoceros decipiens, Ch. decipiensf. interrupts, criophilum, Ch. criovhilumf. volans and Hhizosolenia hebetata, were aboundantly concentrated at the layers not so far down trod the surface, becoming absent or very rare below 40 metre depth. But a species, Chaetoceros atlanticus, showed maximum concentration around 20 metre layer, though this concentration was not so remarkable. The vertical distribution of copepods largely variedwilh species. While Oithona similis occurred abundantly near the surface with considerable quantities at the deeper layers and Oithona fallax was evently distributed through vertical range from the surface to 100 metre depth, nearly all other copepods retired from the surface layer, absent at all or present only rarely at the surface, majorities being distributed below 20 metres or 40 metres. Particularly downward distribution of. Metridialucens was noticed, the depth descended more down, the quantity of animals became larger. The maximum population of Calanus plumchrus was found at 40 metre layer, while that of Pseudocalanus elongatus was at 20 metres.

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In present paper, the vertical distribution of catalytic artivitroff Cape Erimo in August 1948 and Kinkazan Island in July-1949 was dealt with. The water samples with the observation data made on board the research ship “Sop-maru” and “No. 4 Kaiyo-maru” were given for the determination of catalytic ac-tivity from the Fisheries Experimental Station and Maritime Safety Agency.
As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, many layers of water mass were found in “Oyashio” and “Kuroshio” current from the distribution of activity. From the strength of activity, Oyashio current was divided into two groups, ceastal and off-shore. The activity of dicotherm layer in coastal Oyaahio current wastel-low 50, while in off-shore Oyashio current it was above 1600.

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