The temperature of interface between a cutting tool and a chip in dry and wet turning is measured using two color pyrometer with a fused fiber coupler. A translucent Alumina sintered under HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) is used as the cutting tool, and 0.45% carbon steel (S45C) is used as a workpiece. The water soluble fluid (Sunlight TC-800) is used as the cutting fluid, and is introduced onto the rake surface of the tool with a nozzle (diameter: 5 mm). The infrared rays radiated and transmitted through the translucent tool are accepted by an optical fiber, and separated to two optical fibers at fused fiber coupler. Each fiber leads the infrared ray, respectively, to two infrared detectors of different spectral sensitivity. Temperature is obtained by calculating the ratio of the output voltage from these two detectorS. The result obtained are as follows: (1) The technique developed is suitable for measuring the interface temperature between a cutting tool and a chip. (2) The interface temperature is highly affected by the cutting speed, and the temperature increases very rapidly with the increase of cutting speed. (3) The interface temperature reduced 30°C in the wet cutting. Finally, the temperature distributions on the cutting tool and the work material are analyzed by using a finite element method (FEM). Good agreement is obtained between the analytical results and the experimental ones.

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The present report aims at developing chlorine free additives in cutting oil for TiN coated hob and new (Al, Ti) N coated hob, and investigating the influence of these coating materials on viscosity effect of base oils and tool wear reduction effect of additives. Experiments were carried out using a fly tool. The results obtained are summarized as follows. (1) Machine oil 23 having middle viscosity is suitable for coated tools in decreasing tool wear and in improving finished surface roughnesS. (2) With a TiN coated tool, sulfur type EP additives, polysulfide and sulfurized fatty oil showed a best performance in terms of extending tool life and improving surface roughness. (3) With a (A1, Ti)N coated tool, though phosphorus type's tricresyl phosphate extends the tool life, it is ineffective for surface roughness. (4) The use of chlorine free additives is effective for environmental pollution control and for improving the safety of the operator.

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A 3-d manipulation and a new micro assembly technique of fine particles operated by a YAG laser beam have already been studied in the 1st paper. They are expected to be effective in assembling a micro ratachine or a micro-device in the future. Although the fine particles can be assentbled in both horizontal and vertical direction without any bonding agent because of the surface tension, the strength of a micro structure consisted of many fine particles may weak. In this paper, a new bonding technique is developed to temper the structure in the assembling process. Hereby fine particles are covered with acrylic resin, which is used as a bonding agent. The strength test shows that the micro structure constructed by the particles coated with acrylic resin is much more durable than that uncoated. Therefore the effectiveness of the bonding agent is confirmed.

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In this paper, a method for the decentralization of multi-stage manufacturing systems is proposed under the noncooperative game. Necessary optimality conditions and Nash equilibrium solution as optimal production plan are derived for single period production planning problem of autonomous decentralized manufactuing systems that consists of multistages. Numerical examples are solved to examine the validity of the proposed approach.

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The simulation system which evaluates the method of production management is presented in this paper. The modeling includes a set of functional parts (that are static and dynamic), and related to each other by their functionality. The static model of the manufacturing factory was constructed based on production function, then the dynamic model is developed based on a parameterized representation to control static model through the functional block program. The modeling is open to communicate with different block. The push/pull type production system is evaluated using this simulation system, and the efficiency of production control could be confirmed under evaluation criteria.

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New architectures of the manufacturing systems have been proposed aiming at realizing more flexible control structures of the manufacturing systems which can cope with the dynamic changes in the volume and the variety of the products. They are so called as holonic manufacturing systems, autonomous distributed manufacturing systems, random manufacturing systems and bionic manufacturing systems. The objective of the present research is to develop an integrated process planning and scheduling system which is applicable to the holonic manufacturing systems. A basic architecture is proposed in the paper to realize a process planning system for the holonic manufacturing systems. The system consists of three types of holons; they are, order holons, workpiece holons and machining equipment holons. The workpiece holons carry out process planning tasks referring to the schedules and the availability of the machining equipment. A procedure is proposed to extract the machining features from the product model based on the shape generation functions of the machining equipment.

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We are part of sociotechnical systems consisting of individual persons, organizations and technology. Therefore a methodology of synthesis based on balancing technological, organizational and human factors should be constructed as a discipline. Hence we have proposed a design method that takes human satisfaction into consideration. This paper describes the development of a satisfaction measurement system using a neural network which estimates human satisfaction based on electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement. The results of measurements demonstrated that the system was successfully evaluate satisfaction level. It is expected that this system can be applied in many fields such as analysis, design, and evaluation of products or systems, task and job design, human-oriented bio-feedback and adaptive human machine interface.

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Today we live in a highly technological and information-oriented society. Information access, including the Internet has made noticeable developments and grown on a worldwide level. In such a social background, it is a widely known fact that major changes from the use of manpower dependence type work to VDT work is taking place in major businesses today. This paper describes some design factors for a reasonable working enuironment which supports a combination of manmachine system for VDT work. The method of research notes "fragrance" and "lighting" as factors to be explored when designing a working environment. It also considers the influence which these factors have on productivity and workload from an experimental approach. The evaluation indexes in the experiment are obtained by measuring working efficiency and working quality in VDT work, mental changes (stability)-recorded by an EEG (electroencephalograph) measurement, and workload degree determined by a survey of subjective symptoms and a accommodation time. The results of this paper indicated the efficiency of "fragrance" and "lighting", resulting in the effect from interaction "fragrance" and "lighting" on working environment in VDT work.

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At present, the production systems in the Japanese industrial world are changing rapidly forward mechanization and automatic systems since industrial robots have been introduced. This is because the expense of workers has soared and the efficiency of the robots has improved while the securing of labor will become difficult in the future. As robots for production have been introduced, the main work for workers has become watching over the robots or controlling them. In other words, as the form of the man machine system has changed steadily. The work contents of workers have changed to operating switch buttons for the control panel of the robots. This paper presents a proposal to inprove productivity and provide a more reasonable workspace for the control panel. The method of research is to observe and measure the motion characteristics of the arm in the three dimensional workspace from a seated position. The valuation indexes used in the experiment are obtained by the amount of myoelectric discharge, the motion time, the motion velocity and the posture of movement. This paper showed that the influence of the workload became higher for the vertical direction. It also proposes the main factors for which need to be considered when planning a reasonable workspace with a high efficiency of work. The experiment formula shows the relationship between the motion time and the vertical direction.

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This paper deals with an algorithm for constructing curved surfaces of solid objects based on orthographic three view drawings. At first, all curved lines in the drawings are approximated by straight lines, for the simplification of the expression of complicated curves. The approximation by the straight lines transforms a curved surface of the solid model into many small planes. However, the approximation causes many ghost points in wire-frame model, and these points produce many ghost lineS. To prevent the occurrence of the ghost points, the three dimensional (3-D) data for nodes and edges on the small planes are computed previously during the construction of the three-view drawings. As soon as the solid objects are generated from the three-view drawings except for the approximate straight lines, the 3-D data are used. Then, the 3-D data makes it possible to eliminate the ghost points dependent on the approximation by straight lines in the drawings. Hence, the validity of this algorithm is conformed from the transformation of various curved surfaces into many small plane based on orthographic three view drawings.

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