The new science developed at the last decade physical mesomechanics allowed to connect the mechanics of a continuous medium (macrolevel) with plasticity physics (microlevel). Mesomechanics treats a solid under loading as a multilevel selforganizing system where micro-, meso- and macrolevels are organically interrelated. It leads to arising in a solid under loading vortical mechanical field which is described by wave equations.
Physical mesomechanics characterizes a solid plastic deformation as self accommodation of translation-rotation vorteces, propagation of localized plastic deformation waves and formation of mesoscale substructure. Evolution of a mesoscale substructure is accomplished by fracture.
Two optical methods based on speckle-interferometry and television-optical investigation of surface microrelief are developed. They allow to investigate the plastic deformation on mesoscale level and can be used for prefracture diagnostics. Experimental results confirm the prediction of mechanical field theory. Two kinds of devices for nondestructive testing of materials are presented.
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