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Volume 18 (1981)
- Issue 3 Pages 9-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 18, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Masaru WATANUKI, Heikichiro IHZUKA, Seiki HORI, Ichiro KADOWAKI1981 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 65-71
Published: October 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty male university students were selected as subjects. Experiments were carried out during the summer at around 3p.m. Each subject in the sitting-resting position inserted his left hand with palm downward and with fingers extended slightly into the cold chamber where the wind (wind velocity of 20cm/sec) blew horizontally from tip of the fingers for 30 min after sitting in a chair at rest for 30 min in the room of 27°C and 70% relative humidity. The skin temperature on the center of the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of left middle finger was recorded continuously by copper-constantan thermocouple during periods of 5 min before cold exposure, cold exposure and 20 min of recovery.
The results obtained were as follows;
1) The mean values of temperature before cold exposure (T.B.), temperature of first rise after cold exposure (T.F.R.) and time for first temperature rise after cold exposure (T.T.R.) were 34, 3°C, 20.2°C and 6.6 min respectively. The mean values of the mean skin temperature after cold exposure from 20 to 30 min (M.S.T.), the lowest temperature during cold exposure (L.T.) and recovery time (R.T.) were 18.7°C, 15.5°C and 6.5 min respectively. Nine subjects experienced cold pains during cold exposure.
2) Changes in skin temperature during cold exposure and recovery showed great individual variations. The vascular hunting reactions were observed after 20 min in almost all subjects. However a few subjects showed a rapid recovery of skin temperature after initial drop of skin temperature during cold exposure.
3) The higher the T.B., the higher were the T.F.R., M.S.T, and L.T, and the shorter were the T.T.R, and R.T.
4) Cold pains during cold exposure were felt more frequently when T.B, and T.F.R, were low and/or T.T.R, and R.T, were long. All subjects experienced cold pains when T.F.R, was lower than 8°C and T.T.R, was longer than 16 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (875K) -
Junichi SUGENOYA, Tokuo OGAWA, Masami ASAYAMA, Toshiaki MIYAGAWA1981 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 72-79
Published: October 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate regional variations in the onset of sweating in association with those in the secretory capacity of sweat glands, the regression line obtained from the plots of the local sweat rate against the central drive for sweating were compared among the different skin areas of the upper body surface. The subject maintained a relaxed sitting position in a climate chamber, while the room temperature was elevated stepwise by 2-3°C at intervals of 30-50 min from 35°C to 45°C, the humidity being kept at 40%. At each step of the room temperature, local sweat rate was measured after the equibration of 20min or more. Herein, the central drive for sweating was expressed by 0.9Tre+0.1Ts, and the slope and the x intercept of the regression line were regarded as the sweating capacity per increase in central drive for sweating in °C and the onset temperature, respectively. A general trend was noted that the lower the sweating capacity of the sweat glands at a skin area, the higher was the onset temperature of sweating there. In the axillary and the forehead areas in some subjects, however, the onset temperature was by far low despite less sweating capacity than those in other areas. The regression line from each skin area did not converge by the extrapolation to a point below the abscissa. This suggests that the capacity of reabsorption of water by the duct is variable possibly in proportion to the secretory capacity of the sweat glands at the skin area. The peculiar pattern of thermal sweating on the axillary and the forehead areas suggests that the reabsorptive capacity of the sweat glands on these areas may be extremely low.View full abstractDownload PDF (1054K) -
Shimu FUJIBAYASHI, Keiichi YOSHIDA1981 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 80-85
Published: October 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve healthy male Peruvian students, aged 18-23, who were residing in“low land” (Lima, 150m above sea level) were rapidly taken to“high land”in Peru (Cerro de Pasco, 4, 250m above sea level) by train, stayed there for 5 days and returned to Lima by bus. The change of their plasma levels of testosterone was studied before, during and after sojourn at high altitude.
1. In 11 subjects, excepting one subject who complained heavy symptoms of acute mountain sickness, mean value (±S.D.) of control plasma testosterone level at Lima was 6, 06±1.94ng/ml; the values during sojourn at altitude were 8.57±3.23, 8, 94±2, 59, 8, 49±2, 53, 7.93±2, 28 and 8.07±2.30ng/mlon the 1st day to 5th day, respectively; the value immediately after returning to Lima was 7, 07±1.69ng/mland 6.82±1.69ng/mlat one week later. The increase from the control value during sojourn at altitude was statistically significant (p<0, 01-0, 05) except the value on the 4th day.
2. The increasing rate of plasma testosterone level during sojourn at altitude was higher in new commers than that in the subjects who had experienced short stay at high altitude above 3, 000m in the past.
3. From these results and available references in which the increased hematopoietic action and erythorcytic 2, 3-DPG level by the administration of testosterone were described, several possibilities were assumed that secretion of androgen, including testosterone, have a close relation with physiological mechanism of acclimatization to high altitude in man.View full abstractDownload PDF (859K) -
—The Case of Mt. McKinley Expedition—Kiyoshi SHIMAOKA, Shigeo MORI, Makoto HARA1981 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 86-91
Published: October 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo well conditioned climbers performed physical training in hypobaric chamber for 4 consecutive days (June 11-14, 1980) before their Mt. McKinley Expedition. Simulated altitude was 4, 000m on the 1st day, 5, 000m on the 2nd day, 6, 000m on the 3rd day and 7, 000m on the last day. Daily exposures were 3 to 3.5 hours. During exposures, subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer intermittently for 50 to 90 minutes with the load of 300 kpm/min to 450 kpm/min. After these training procedures they left Japan on June 20th and arrived at McKinley base camp site (4, 200m) on 26th by way of Anchorage. Without any action for acclimatization they started base camp (B. C.) at 19: 30 on 26th and reached the top of the Mt. McKinley (6, 192m) at 02: 30 on 27th and returned to B. C, at 05: 00 on that day. It took only 7 hours from B. C, to the top and they both had no symptoms of altitude sickness during the climbing. From these results it is undeniable that physical training in hypobaric chamber was effective to the actual high altitude mountaineering.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
Yutaka TOCHIHAR, Shinya YAMAZAKI, Keiichi YOSHIDA, Yang Yeul SOHN, Nor ...1981 Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 92-100
Published: October 15, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the influence of air-conditioning on female workers, the survey with questionaire was made in a printing factory. In summer (August), autumn (October) and winter (December), 210 female workers engaged in light inspective tasks were asked about their whole body thermal sensations, local thermal sensations (on forehead, shoulder, hand, waist and foot), comfort sensations, health statuses and clothings. Air temperature, air humidity, air velocity and radiation convection temperature were measured simultaneously, and corrected effective temperature (CET) was calculated by the chart. The results obtained were as follows:
1) The average comfort temperatures in the thermal sensations were CET of 22.6°C in summer, 21.4°C in autumn and 20.3°C in winter. There was a seasonal difference in the optimum thermal condition for the workers.
2) Because of wide vertical range of air temperature in air-heating season, the incidences of local warmth feeling on face and feeling of chilled waist and feet in winter were higher than that in summer and autumn.
3) Under the same thermal conditions, the workers felt warmer in the afternoon than in the morning. This might be explained by the elevation in the metabolism due to specific dynmic action after the lunch.
4) Unhealthy workers tended to vote thermal sensation for“cold”or“hot”more frequently than healthy workers.
5) The ratios of wearing undershirt, drawers and rug of workers voted thermal sensation for“cold”were higher than that of workers voted thermal sensation for“hot”.
6) Middle aged workers (40-59 year old) felt warmer than young workers (18-39 year old) under the same thermal conditions, mainly because the ratios of wearing undershirt and drawers of middle aged workers were higher than that of young workers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K)
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