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Volume 22, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Sekiya KOYAMA, Toshio KOBAYASHI, Keishi KUBO, Masao FUKUSHIMA, Kazuhik ...1985 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: April 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical investigations were performed in 27 patients with high altitude pulmonay edema (HAPE) . The altitude of the onset was relatively low altitude (from 2, 680 m to 3, 190 m above sea level) . Symptoms included marked shortness of breath, undue dyspnea, cough, and stridor. Physical examinations revealed cyanosis, tachycardia, and rales. Neurological disturbances such as headache, vomiting, memory disturbance, clouding of consciousness or coma were accompanied.
Laboratory data showed hemoconcentration and leucocytosis, but relative thrombocytepenia was observed at the beginning of treatment, compared with the data at the leaving hospital. CPK increased remarkably and CRP was positive. Arterial blood gasometric analysis showed hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis.
Chest roentgenograms at the beginning of treatment revealed prominent, dilated main pulmonary artery, and a coarse patchy mottling with confluencies. The distribution of shadow was often asymmetric and involved any parts of the lung fields. The right ventricle enlargement was also observed. During recovery, the prominence of the pulmonary vasculature receded, and there was a spectacular clearing of infiltrates.
Hemodynamic studies demonstrated that HAPE was a noncardiogenic type of pulmonary edema. The characteristics were followed by 1. pulmonary hypertension, which was not normalized by 100% oxygen inhalation, 2. normal pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, 3. normal cardiac output, and 4. increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance.
The edema fluid aspirated through endotracheal tube was protein-rich fluid.
These findings may suggest that HAPE is due to the increase in microvascular permeability.View full abstractDownload PDF (3791K) -
Seiki HORI, Heikichiro IHZUKA1985 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 9-16
Published: April 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnthropometric measurements and observation of physiological responses to heat were made in July on 25 young male residents in Okinawa who were born and reared in Okinawa, subtropical zone (group 0) and 23 young male residents in Okinawa born and reared in the Main Islands (temperate zone) but moved to Okinawa in less than three years (group M) . Sweat tests were performed by immersion of both legs up to the knees in a stirred water bath of 42°C in a room of 30°C, 70% relative humidity for 60 min. Subjects in group O were shorter in height, lighter in body weight with a less subcutaneous fat layer than those in group M, and showed greater value of the ratio of body surface area to body weight. Group O showed higher mean skin temperature and less metabolic rate at 30°C than group M. Since higher mean skin temperature indicates greater capacity for non-evaporative heat dissipation, higher skin temperature in addition to less metabolic rate for group O might explain the longer latent period of sweating, a smaller sweat volume and less rise in core temperature in heat. Sweating reaction for subjects in group O was characterized by longer latent period of sweating, lower sweat rate and lower Na concentration in sweat, and was similar to that of tropical natives. Difference in physiological responses to heat between two groups might reflect more advanced heat acclimatization of subjects in group O when compared with those in group M.View full abstractDownload PDF (1089K) -
Seiki HORI, Nobuo TANAKA1985 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 17-21
Published: April 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal variations and changes in physiological responses to heat induced by exercise were studied on ten male nonathletic university students. Each subject took exercise for 14 successive days except the day of sweat test in a room of 28°C, 70% relative humidity in winter. Muscular exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer at a work load corresponding to 5 R.M.R, at a cycling rate of 50 rpm for 60 min. Sweat tests were performed in summer, and on the day before beginning of physical training, 8 th and 15 th days during training in winter. Sweating was induced by immersion of both legs just up to the knees into a stirred water bath of 42°C in a room of 30°C with 70% relative humidity for 90 min. Greater sweat volume, markedly lower Na concentration in sweat, smaller rise in rectal temperature and less increase in heart rate during sweat test were observed in summer than in winter. Increase in sweat rate, slight decrease in Na concentration in sweat, decrease in rise in rectal temperature and significantly reduction in increase of heart rate during heat exposure were observed during physical training in winter. Seasonal change in Na concentration in sweat was greater than that induced by training, while seasonal change in increase of heart rate during heat exposure was much less than that induced by training. Seasonal change in the ratio of sweat volume to rise in rectal temperature was approximately the same as change induced by training. Seasonal variation in Na concentration at a given sweat volume was much greater than change induced by training.
The ratio of increase in heart rate to rise in rectal temperature decreased considerably during training while it decreased slight in summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
Kazuto OKAMOTO1985 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 23-29
Published: April 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has both positive (photosynthesis stimulation etc.) and negative (droughts etc.) effects on agriculture. Its influence on the yields of soyabean, corn and wheat in the United States is calculated taking account of both the positive and negative effects. Since the CO2 increase depends on the energy sources used, calculations are made for two different energy scenarios until the year 2050. The first one is the case when use of fossil fuels continues until the year 2050, and the second one is the case when it is suppressed from the year 2000 to almost zero around 2050, and the energy in the next century is supplied mostly by nuclear and solar energies. The emission of CO2 in the first case is higher than that in the second case after about 2010. The yields per unit area of corn and soyabean decrease more seriously in the first case than in the second case. For wheat the yield per unit area is roughly the same in the two cases. Therefore the opinion that the increase of CO2 is beneficial for agriculture is not necessarily correct.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Yoshiaki KOMOTO, Tomoji KOHMOTO, Mitsuru SUNAKAWA, Hidenori YOROZU, Yu ...1985 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 31-35
Published: April 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhysiological changes in subcutaneous tissue with artificial CO2 baths have been evaluated by means of mass spectrometry under the conception of tissue perfusion as the fluid matrix, consisting of blood, lymph and tissue fluid, circulates throughout the body.
Mass spectrometry allows continuous evaluation of the partial pressures of each tissue gas in vivo, so that the regional flow of tissue fluid or local tissue perfusion can be measured by a desaturation method with an inactive argon gas.
Tissue perfusion was evaluated on artificial CO2 baths using 7 rabbits weighing about 2 kg. Each local tissue perfusion volume was computed respectively at 16.98±8.09 (mean±standard error) ml/100 g/min, SD=9.05, p<0.05, with plain baths at a temperature of 36-37°C and at 18.23±6.09 ml/100 g/min, SD=6.81, p<0.05, with artificial CO2 baths using“BUB”-KAO1 tab. (a 50 g sodium hydrogencarbonate and succinic acid tablet) in the constant temperature bath of 20-litre. Increase in tissue perfusion volume with artificial CO2 baths was seen in 4 out of 7 cases.
It is assumed that the improvement of tissue perfusion with CO2 baths serves as a favourable effect on homeostasis in association with the increased Po2 in tissue and the improved skin blood flow.View full abstractDownload PDF (558K) -
Masako SHIMURA, Koichi NONAKA, Izumi NAKAMURA, Teiji MIURA1985 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 37-41
Published: April 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMean values and variances standardized for the mean value in some reproductive variables were compared between the mothers born in the summer (May-Oct.) and in the winter (Nov.-Apr.) who made deliveries in two different periods at a maternity hospital in Tokyo. Monthly number of births of mothers themselves was also compared with general birth distribution of the same cohorts in Tokyo.
Investigation was made for 11, 770 mothers who made deliveries in the 1930 s, when seasonal fluctuation of babies' births was most marked, and 4, 514 mothers who made deliveries in and after 1966, when seasonal fluctuation of babies' births was almost lost.
Summer-born mothers who made deliveries in the period with marked seasonal fluctuation of babies' births seemed to have been more severely selected for some reproductive functions than winter-born mothers.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
Yasushi ASAKI1985 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 43-50
Published: April 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of extraneous disturbance on thermal homeostasis in young and old rats were investigated. Ambient temperature (Ta) was controlled to fluctuate in a sine wave. The cyclic interval of Ta was one hour and its amplitude was between 2.5 and 14°C. The mean Ta in each experiment was calculated to average the cyclic change in Ta during a 2-hour experiment. The mean Ta could be set from 5 to 35°C. The rectal temperature (Tr) and the skin temperature (Ts) were also recorded. The Tr and Ts responses were processed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) . The amplitudes of the cyclic interval of one hour, the phase shift (θr) between Tr and Ta and mean levels of Tr and Ta for 2 hours were determined.
1. The amplitude ratio of Tr to Ta (ΔTr/ΔTa) did not depend on the amplitude of Ta (ΔTa) from 5 to 10°C at 10, 20 and 30°C mean Ta, respectively.
2. The amplitude ratio of Ts to Ta (ΔTs/ΔTa) did not depend on Ta from 2.5 to 14°C at 10, 20 and 30°C mean Ta, respectively.
3. ΔTr/ΔTa in young rats changed from 0.019 to 0.123 with increase in the mean Ta.
4. ΔTs/ΔTa in young rats increased depending on the mean Ta from 10 to 30°C, and was decreased at 35°C mean Ta.
5. The age differences in ΔTr/ΔTa, mean Tr and θr at 10°C mean Ta were statistically significant.
From analysis of the dynamic responses, it can be concluded that the functional efficiency of the thermoregulatory system decreases with age at low ambient temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K)
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