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Volume 43 (2006)
- Issue 4 Pages 117-
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 43, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Original Article
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Akio Tsuchiya2006 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 3-21
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThrough meteorological observations at the Sennen Pond in the Saijo Basin, Hiroshima, during August 2004 to April 2005, net radiation (Rn), soil heat flux (G), heat storage change of water mass (SC), outgoing heat (Out), sensible heat (S), latent heat (LE), and evaporation (EV) were calculated. The order among water surface temperature (WTS) and water temperatures at 10 cm deep (WT10) and 40 cm deep (WT40) was WTS>WT10>WT40 during three months in winter, but was WT10>WTS>WT40 in the other months. The relationship between inflowing (WTin) and outgoing temperatures (WTout) was WTin<WTout in all the months. The G was almost zero, and SC was also zero in the daily average, but the standard deviation was large. The Out showed a bottom in the morning, and a peak in the evening. The S had a peak in the morning, and was below zero before and after noon. The LE was the largest among the distribution components, and repeated evaporation and condensation. A seasonal trend was clearly found (warm season>cold season) in Rn and LE, but was not found in the other parameters. When calculating δ, which is a coefficient in the Priestley and Taylor’s Equation, it was larger than 1.26 throughout the months due to heat movement (SC and Out). The EV of the non-observed months (May to July 2004 and March 2005) was estimated to be 5.02, 5.49, 5.82, and 3.72 mm/day, respectively. From the annual EV (1,469.5 mm) and the area of ponds in the basin, the total evaporation amounted to 6,024,950 m3/year.
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—Yamanashi & Hokkaido—Masami Iriki, Masaaki Hashimoto2006 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 23-33
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeat Disorder in Yamanashi Prefecture for 10 years (1995–2004) and in Hokkaido Prefecture for 5 years (2000–2004) were investigated. The number of patients reported of July and August in the investigation years was 579 (Yamanashi) and 174 (Hokkaido). The number of patients increased as a day-maximum-temperature goes up. On the time of occurrence of heat disorder and, increasing and decreasing of the number of patients developed, a constant tendency was not seen in ten years. The heat disorder was observed from 27°C of a day-maximum-temperature, and became remarkable at 33–36°C, that was same for the investigation period of ten years. The graph of the age group of patients in Yamanashi showed two peaks at a young (teens) and an aged (sixties-eighties) generation. Heat disorder in young generation occurred mainly in outdoor activities (exercise or working). On the other hand, heat disorder of aged group has been generated in routine activities of daily life regardless of indoor or outdoor, and the indoor events tended to be generated in aged people who are suffering from other diseases. A peak of the young generation was not obvious in Yamanashi during 3 years in 10 years, coinciding with the cases in Hokkaido for 5 years. Thus the 2 peaks in the graphs of the number of heat disorder incidence of each generation have to be investigated further.
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Naomi Imada, Kozo Hirata2006 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 35-42
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have reported that chest skin blood flow (SBF) increased during cooling by using water perfused suits. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether the chest SBF is influenced by changes in blood pressure (BP) under leg cooling in the water even while skin vasoconstriction in the extremities. Nine female subjects were immersed their legs into the water bath at a water temperature (Tw) of 32°C for 10 min in an ambient temperature of 28°C and relative humidity of 50%. Then Tw was lowered gradually to 17°C for 65 min and kept at the same Tw for 15 min. Four subjects showed increased BP (BP increase group) and the other five subjects showed no-increased BP (BP no-increase group) during leg cooling. In BP increase group, it was showed that there was significantly lower changes of toe SBF and leg skin temperature, and significantly higher changes in chest SBF than that of BP no-increase group during leg cooling. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) in chest did not significantly change during leg cooling in both groups and there was no significant change of CVC in chest between both groups. There was a significant positive correlation between changes in mean BP and changes in chest SBF during leg cooling. These results suggest that change of chest SBF was, at least, influenced by change in mean blood pressure under leg cooling in the water.
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Hideshi Oda, Michihito Igaki, Toru Ugajin, Atsushi Suzuki, Shuichi Tsu ...2006 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 43-50
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we developed a heat and steam generating (HSG) sheet that generates steam for several hours, and analyzed its effects on thermoregulatory responses and thermal sensation. In seven healthy male subjects the lumbar region (lower back) was warmed for four hours in a cool environment of 20°C and 40%RH. For each subject, three experiments were performed: 1) warming the lower back with a HSG sheet (12×20 cm), 2) warming with a heat generating (HG) sheet without steam, and 3) no warming (control). The skin and subcutaneous temperatures in and around the warmed area, as well as rectal temperature were measured. The subjects reported whole body thermal comfort, and local sensations in the warmed area. While the temperature under the sheet was similar between the HSG and HG sheets (approximately 38.5°C), skin temperature at 2 cm from the sheet was about 0.9°C higher (p<0.05) for the HSG sheet than the HG sheet. The subjects reported less whole body coldness during the warming by the HSG sheet than the HG sheet. They also reported stronger and more spreading warm sensation in the warmed region for the HSG sheet than the HG sheet. In a separate experiment using an apparatus with a heat flux sensor, higher heat flux was observed for the HSG sheet than the HG sheet, even though both sheets gave the same surface temperature. These results suggest that warming the skin with steam is more efficient than warming it with dry air.
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Forum
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Yoshitaka Fukuoka2006 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 06, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (454K)
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