Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology
Online ISSN : 1883-2113
Print ISSN : 0915-7352
ISSN-L : 0915-7352
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Volume 27, Issue 155
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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MINIREVIEW
  • Application of Polysaccharides as Structural Materials
    Kazutoshi Iijima, Mineo Hashizume
    2015 Volume 27 Issue 155 Pages 67-79
    Published: May 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4052/tigg.1419.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The preparation of materials from polysaccharides is important from both a functional and industrial aspect. In this review, after a brief explanation on the chemical structures and properties of the representative polysaccharides used in material chemistry, we described the preparation of structural materials, such as porous scaffolds, films, and fibers, from polysaccharides for biomedical applications, with a focus on polysaccharide species and fabrication methods and also discussed our own findings.
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  • Cellular Uptake of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides and the Contribution of Membrane-Associated Proteoglycans
    Ikuhiko Nakase, Yoshimasa Kawaguchi, Motoyoshi Nomizu, Shiroh Futaki
    2015 Volume 27 Issue 155 Pages 81-88
    Published: May 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4052/tigg.1420.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Intracellular delivery using cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) has received considerable interest due to its ease of administration, as well as potential applicability therapeutically. Various bioactive molecules—including peptides/proteins, nucleic acids, liposomes, and nano-particles—that have been conjugated chemically to or have formed complexes with CPPs have been delivered into cells efficiently by the simple addition of these conjugates or complexes to culture media. Although various CPPs with different physicochemical properties have been reported, those rich in arginine are employed most frequently. Membrane-associated proteoglycans such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans play important roles in stimulating the cellular uptake of arginine-rich CPPs and their attached cargoes by concentrating them on cell surfaces via electrostatic interactions between the positive charge on the arginine and negative charges on the glycosaminoglycans. The interaction between arginine-rich CPPs and membrane-associate proteoglycans also induces fluid-phase endocytosis, named macropinocytosis, which facilitates the cellular uptake of arginine-rich CPPs and their cargoes.
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  • Fibronectin Matrix Assembly and Its Significant Role in Cancer Progression and Treatment
    Atsuko Yoneda
    2015 Volume 27 Issue 155 Pages 89-98
    Published: May 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4052/tigg.1421.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Recently, the significant role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor progression has garnered great attention in biomedical research. Fibronectin (FN), an essential ECM glycoprotein in development and wound healing, is deregulated in various diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. Alterations in FN fibril organization can affect ECM organization, cancer cell migration and growth, and tumor angiogenesis. This minireview discusses the recent advances in studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying FN matrix assembly, provides an overview of the role of FN matrix assembly in cancer progression, and highlights the potential for FN matrices as therapeutic targets or tools for cancer treatment.
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  • Recent Approaches to the Chemical Synthesis of Sugar Nucleoside Diphosphates
    Hidenori Tanaka
    2015 Volume 27 Issue 155 Pages 99-110
    Published: May 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4052/tigg.1423.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Sugar nucleotides are important intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and function as activated glycosyl donors for the biosynthesis of oligosaccharides. This review focuses on recent progress in the chemical synthesis of sugar nucleoside diphosphates.
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  • Material Functionalization and Its Expanding Bioscientific Perspective for Structural Polysaccharides via Nanoscopic Multicomposition, Orientation Control, and Processing Development
    Yoshikuni Teramoto
    2015 Volume 27 Issue 155 Pages 111-123
    Published: May 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4052/tigg.1424.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This review surveys recent advances in the material functionalization of structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. This functionalization includes improving their mechanical properties, subtly regulating optical performance, developing cytocompatibility, etc., and has been accomplished through nano-architectonic methods such as the orientation control of segments and molecules and the intimate nanoscopic mixing of different components, each on a scale larger than a single molecule. It is hoped that this fundamental data will lead to further functionalization of biomass-based materials, thereby expanding their bioscientific perspective.
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