Journal of Japanese Society of Turfgrass Science

Molecular markers for detection of turfgrass pathogens based on ITS regions of fungal rDNA

Aiki YAMAGA, Tomoko MITSUHORI, Tomomi TSUCHIDA, Yoshinori SHINGU, Tsut ...

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 1-14
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.1

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We tried to develop the PCR primers for detection of fungal pathogens in turfgrass diseases. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA in the genomic DNA regions was used for construction of the primers specific for each fungus, because the ITS regions in fungi were not highly conserved among the genera or species. The PCR primers were designed for Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, AG-1 and AG-D causing Rhizoctonia patch, a less-sporulated strain of Curvularia genus causing leaf blight, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa causing dollar spot, Colletotrichum graminicola causing anthracnose, Gaeumannomyces graminis causing take-all patch and Pythium fungi causing red blight or blight, which were the causal agents of serious diseases in the turf green of golf courses in Japan. These PCR primers gave predicted DNA fragments that were species- or genus-specific for target fungi. Also, we succeeded to identify 4 kinds of fungi in one PCR sample when the primers were designed for producing a different length of amplified DNA fragments in each fungus. Thus, these PCR primers might be useful not only for detection of target fungi but also for diagnosis of turfgrass diseases.

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Comparison of seasonal prevalence of Spodoptera cilum Guenée and Spodoptera depravata in golf courses in Shizuoka Prefecture

Kazuhiro ONISHI, Hajime HIROMORI, Masayoshi HATSUKADE

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 15-18
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.15

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A Comparison of the seasonal prevalence of Spodoptera cilium and S. depravata was conducted using pheromone traps at three golf courses in the western district of Shizuoka Prefecture. For the first generation, in mid-May, the occurrence of adult S. cilium was restricted to the golf course that planted mainly Bermuda grass. For the second generation, in July, adults of S. cilium were observed at every golf course. Adult occurrence of S. depravata ended by late September at all courses, and a fourth generation was not observed. However, adults of S. cilium were trapped until early December.

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Influence of temperature on fruit body emergence of the basidiomycetes, Bovista dermoxantha, Vascellum curtisii and Conocybe lactea, on turf of bentgrass, Zoysiagrass and bluegrass in summer

Yoshie Terashima, Azusa Fujiie

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.19

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The relationship between temperature and fruit body emergence in summer in three fairy ring patho-gens of basidiomycetes, Bovista dermoxantha, Vascellum curtisii and Conocybe lactea, on turf was examined using the method developed to predict the timing of emergence in pest insects. The number of fruit bodies at the turf study site in Chiba, Japan, was recorded together with average temperature at the weather station from 1999 to 2003. The lower theoretical developmental thresholds (the developmental zeros) for mycelial growth in B. dermoxantha, V. curtisii and C. lactea were estimated to be 14.6°C, 17.0°C and 8.8°C, respectively, based on the linear relationships observed in the temperature ranges 5-35°C. The cumulative effect of average daily temperatures that exceeded the developmental zeros required for each fungus (total effective temperature) was assessed. The probits of the percentage of total fruit bodies against the total that emerged over the five-year period of the study correlated with the total effective temperature to give a ratio of contribution exceeded near 0.6. Similar conelations were also found between probits obtained from daily recordings of fruit body numbers in the observation plots under 170 m² and total effective temperature. The observations of development in B. dermoxantha and C. lactea revealed that the average diameter and fruiting period of the fruit bodies was 11.5 mm and 5.8 days, and the average height and fruiting period were 36.8 mm and 1.8 days, respectively. One of the characteristics for there fungi is that they are short-lived.

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Seasonal dry matter production of Zoysia tenuifolia in Yonaguni Island, southern Japan

Hikaru AKAMINE, Ryosuke KAWASE, Yasuhiro KAWAMOTO, Yukio ISHIMINE

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 25-27
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.25

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Seasonal dry matter production of the turf-typed grazing pasture dominated by Zoysia tenuifolia in Yonaguni Island, Okinawa was investigated. The five experimental plots were arranged with the separation of 50 m from seabluff to inward. The accumulated pasture production increased from 40 g/m² to 500 g/m² according to distance from the sea-bluff to inward. Dry matter production of shoot per day was constant at the close area to the sea-bluff, while it increased toward the inland direction. It is estimated that the vegietation of Zoysia tentuifolia pasture was maintained by both salty water and sea breeze, and by appropriate carrying capacity.

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Inexpensive development of turf ground by combination of Japanese lawngrass and temperate grass

Makoto KOBAYASHI, Masumi EBINA, Shin'ichi TSURUTA, Manabu TAKAHARA, Ma ...

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 28-34
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.28

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For rental use mainly in summer, inexpensive development of Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) turf ground was demonstrated by assortment with Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinadea Schreber) . Transplanting the former seedlings among the latter's stand and most simplified maintenance achieved to keep whole turf coverage over 50% and replacement to Japanese lawngrass turf coverage over 90% in 5 years with no irrigation. To promote Japanese lawngrass growth and replacement from temperate turf grasses, turf was mowed and swept up twice a month from every April to every October and applied fewest fertilizer in the end of the rainy season. Its initial and running cost shows this method is well applicable to small company managing turf ground, and capable to complement the excess use of schoolyard turf.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 35-37
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.35

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 38-44
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.38

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 45-47
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.45

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2006 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 48-49
Published: October 31, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 08, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11275/turfgrass1972.35.48

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