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Masahiro SUGIMURA, Ryoichi SATO, Hidenori IWAHANA
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
533-540
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The colepteran-active δ-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain Buibui had a so-called proteinase-resistant region of 50 kDa which is resistant to trypsin and larval midgut-juice of Bombyx mori. However, the δ-endotoxin of strain Buibui was degraded to smaller polypeptides of less than 20 kDa by larval midgut-juice of Anomala cuprea. In addition, the CryIAa δ-endotoxin was also degraded to smaller polypeptides by the midgut-juice. On the other hand, a mixture of trypsin and autoclaved A. cuprea midgut-juice degraded the δ-endotoxin to smaller polypeptides but the autoclaved midgut-juice with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase or lysyl endopeptidase did not. These results suggest that A. cuprea midgut-juice may have a high activity to digest the δ-endotoxins, for which a trypsin-like proteinase may play an important role. Moreover, A. cuprea ;midgut-juice may contain a factor(s) which cooperates with trypsin to digest δ-endotoxin into smaller polypeptides.
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Hisashi ANBUTSU, Katsumi TOGASHI
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
541-549
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The oviposition behavior and response of Monochamus saltuarius females to already-made oviposition scars were investigated in the laboratory. The females gnawed at the bark surface of Pinus densiflora bolts to make a wound, turned the bodies 180° to position the ovipositors over the wounds and inserted the ovipositors under the bark through the wounds. About 7 min later, the females withdrew the ovipositors from the bolts. In most cases, the ovipositor-inserted small holes of the oviposition scars made in this way were plugged with jelly, and the females left the scars after rubbing them with the abdomens. When females searching for an oviposition site encountered oviposition scars occupied by single eggs, they stopped walking and then palpated the surface of the oviposition scars with the maxillary and labial palpi. Eighty-fine percent of the females left the scars after the palpation. In contrast, when the females encountered oviposition scars containing no eggs, 73% of them began to gnaw at the scars after the palpation and 48% deposited eggs singly. The response to artificial, mimic oviposition scars was the same as that to vacant oviposition scars made by the females. the results of observations and experiments showed that the females could discriminate oviposition scars occupied by single eggs from vacant scars and suggested that the palpation of oviposition scars was closely related to the discrimination, indicating mediation by chemical and/or physical cues.
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Wawan HERMAWAN, Shuhei NAKAJIMA, Ritsuko TSUKUDA, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusa ...
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
551-559
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Guided by bioassay test results, we have isolated an antifeedant compound against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, from the hexane layer of the extract of Andrographis paniculata. The compound was identified as 14-deoxyandrographolide. Although this compound is used as a medicine in Pharmacology, its antifeedant activity against insects has not yet been reported. The minimum effective dose (MED) of the isolated compound in suppressing the feeding of DBM larva was 100 μg/leaf disc. It was less potent than crude extract of the hexane layer (MED=30μg/leaf disc) and a subfraction 5-2 derived from this layer (MED=50μg/leaf disc). This result suggests that substance(s) other than 14-deoxyandrographolide are present in the hexane layer, and may also be contributing towards feeding suppression against the DBM larva. Commercially available andrographolide was also tested for its antifeedant activity and the result (MED=25μg/leaf disc) showed that it was more potent than 14-deoxyandrographolide.
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INyoman WIDIARTA, Wawan HERMAWAN, Shingo OYA, Shuhei NAKAJIMA, Fusao N ...
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
561-566
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The anitifeedant activities of crude extracts and a major compound (andrographolide) of Andrographis paniculata against female adults of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps were tested using artificial diet and root-immersion methods, and were compared with the feeding-deterrent activity of commercial insecticides (cartap, bensultap, imidacloprid and nitenpyram). The crude extract and andrographolide suppressed feeding of the female adult on an artificial diet at concentrations of as low as 1 ppm. The lowest concentration of the crude extract that suppressed feeding activity by the root-immersion method was 1, 600 ppm. The antifeedant activity of andrographolide was similar to the feeding-deterrent activities of cartap and bensultap, but it was lower than those of imidacloprid and nitenpyram.
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Takashi OKUDA, Tadashi GOMI, Ivo HODEK
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
567-572
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Coccinella septempunctata populations collected from different latitudes in Japan were reared for the first time at three constant temperatures and the size of the central elytral spot was measured. At 20°C the elytral spot size increased with latitude. It was significantly greater in the Sapporo population, 43°N, than in the Tsukuba and Kagoshima populations, which are at latitudes 36 and 32°N, respectively, and smallest in the Iriomote population at latitude 24°N. In all populations the elytral spot increased in size when reared at lower temperature. This tendency was very strong in the Sapporo population. The pigmentation of pupae increased with decrease in temperature, thus they were mostly orange at 30°C and dark brown at 20°C. In agreement with previous reports by DOBZHANSKY and SASAJI, it is assumed that all three populations from the main Japanese islands belong to C. septempunctata brucki. In the Iriomote population, the spot was small and little affected by rearing temperature; this suggests that this population may belong to the subspecies C. septempunctata septempunctata. The contrast between earlier and later reports on the occurrence of the two subspecies in the Ryukyu Islands is discussed in relation to the dense ship transport from the main Japanese Islands after 1972.
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Yasuhito SHIRAI, Yoko SAKAMURA, Motoyuki SUMIDA, Yasuo AIZONO
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
573-581
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Phosphorylations of at least four proteins, approximately 32, 28, 25 and 21 kDa, were promoted in the brain-corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum (brain-CC-CA) complex of Bombyx mori with 2 mM carbachol (acetylcholine agonist). These phosphorylations depended on carbachol concentrations in the range of 10 μM-1 mM, and occurred within 5 min. Two millimolar muscarine, but not nicotine, promoted phosphorylations of the four proteins, and the phosphorylations were inhibited with 5 mM atropine (muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist), indicating the involvement of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Inhibitory effects of a calmodulin antagonist and a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C on the carbachol-induced protein phosphorylation suggested that the 25 and 21 kDa proteins were phosphorylated by protein kinase C and a calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase, respectively, and that both phosphoproteins were localized in the CC-CA complex. Further, the carbachol-induced PTTH release was observed from 1 min to 5 min and was dependent on carbachol concentrations in the range of 10 μM-1 mM, corresponding to conditions for the carbachol-induced protein phosphorylations.
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Nobuhiro MATSUKI, Shin-ichiro ASANO, Hisanori BANDO, Toshihiko IIZUKA
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
583-588
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Three new pathogenic bacteria were isolated from milky diseased larvae of Popillia japonica NEWMANN, Anomala rufocuprea MOTSCHULSKY and Anomala daiminana HAROLD (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) reared in the laboratory after field collection from golf courses in Sapporo in 1993. the morphological features regarding bacterial spores, infectivity host range and plasmid DNA profiles in these isolates showed different types of strains of Bacillus popilliae. Milky diseased larvae of P. japonica and other beetles have not yet been reported in Japan. This report is therefore the first of its kind in Japan.
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Cheng-Jen SHIH, Jui-Chu CHANG
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
589-594
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Four different commercially produced insect media, including TNM-FH, Grace's MM, and TC-100 were used to culture a cell line, SL7B, derived from Spodoptera litura. It was shown that SL7B cells can grow successfully in all tested insect media except TC-100. The population doubling times were 25.6 h 74.0 h, 56.7 h, respectively in TNM-FH, Grace's, and MM insect media. A simple medium, ISC-03, slightly modified from MITSUHASHI's MTCM-1601, was suitable for culturing SL7B cells. the component of ISC-03 based on diluted sea water, yeast extract, lactalbumin hydrolysate, and glucose. ISC-03 medium is easy to prepare and can be sterilized by autoclaving. The cost is much lower than other commercially available insect cell culture medium. eight percent FBS was added to the medium just before to culture the cells. The population doubling time of SL7B cells in ISC-03 medium was 60.7 h. When cells were grown in ISC-03 medium, the numbers of occlusion bodies formed and recombinant proteins expressed were the same or slightly less than for TNM-FH insect medium. Results revealed that the low cost media, ISC-03, was suitable for culture Spodoptera litura cells.
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Toru ARAKAWA, Mitsuhiro MIYAZAWA
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
595-599
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The effects of insect haemolymph melanization inhibitors, deithyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and sodium thiosulfate, on the detection of lipoprotein hydroperoxide were examined. The hydroperoxide group (36μM) of lipoprotein disappeared completely after 2 h incubation with 1 mM DDC. In the presence of 20 mM sodium thiosulfate, only a portion of the lipoprotein hydroperoxide (LDL-OOH) was consumed in 24 h incubation. The hydroperoxide of lipoprotein became sensitive to sodium thiosulfate in the presence of lipoprotein lipase, a digestive enzyme of lipoprotein. In an incubation of lipoprotein with lipoprotein lipase, sodium deoxycholate and sodium thiosulfate, the hydroperoxide content decreased rapidly. The hydroperoxide group in cumene hydroperoxide was degraded in an incubation with sodium thiosulfate, as was the case for the enzyme-digested LDL-OOH. from the data, an accessibility of the reductant to the hydroperoxide group was assumed to affect the degradation of the hydroperoxide. Based on these results, it was suggested that the lipoprotein hydroperoxide could be detected in the presence of sodium thiosulfate, but not with DDC.
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Suck-Joon PARK, Sang-Gill LEE, Sang-Cheol SHIN, Boum-Young LEE, Young- ...
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
601-608
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
Methanol extracts from 77 oriental medicinal plant species in 42 families were tested fro their larvicidal and antifeeding activities against larvae of Lymantria dispar L., Acantholyda posticalis MATSUMURA, Hyphantria cunea DRURY and Dendrolimus spectabilis BUTLER, using leaf-dipping method. Insecticidal and antifeeding activities varied with both plant and insect species. The extracts of Leonurus sibiricus leaves, Cynanchum wilfordii roots and Astragalus membranaceus roots revealed both potent larvicidal and antifeeding activities against L. dispar. Especially, A. membranaceus extract was highly toxic to A. posticalis larvae. Strong antifeeding activity against both L. dispar and H. cunea was obtained from the extract of Jeffersonia dubia roots. As naturally occurring insecticides, these plant-derived materials could be useful as an alternative for synthetic insecticides for managing field populations of these forest insect pests.
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Madoka NAKAI, Masumi TAKEDA, Yasuhisa KUNIMI
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
609-615
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The incidence of parasitoids and entomopathogens in a larval population of Adoxophyes sp. in a tea field in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, was determined. Three species of Braconids, one species of Ichneumonid, and one species of Tachinid were identified in the collected larvae. Three entomopathogenic viruses, an entomopoxvirus (EPV), a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and a granulosis virus, were isolated from the dead larvae. Overall, 87.0% of Adoxophyes sp. larvae were killed by parasitoids and entomopathogens. Ascogaster reticulatus and EPV were the most common parasitoids and pathogen and were responsible for 37.7% and 23.1% of the deaths in the Adoxophyes sp. larvae, respectively. Percent parasitism by A. reticulatus was highest in the first generation and then decreased progressively toward the fourth generation. EPV prevalence was low in the first generation and increased through the generations. Of 333 host larvae dying from viral infection, 12.0% of host larvae contained dead parasitoid larvae. some parasitoid larvae were able to emerge from virus-infected hosts, whereas these parasitoids died before or after pupation. The time to death of a parasitoid developing in virus-infected hosts appears to be closely related to the species of viruses.
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Masami SHIMODA, Makoto KIUCHI
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
617-624
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
The effect of chilling of diapause pupae on adult emergence was studied in Agrius convolvuli. When diapause pupae were kept at 5-20°C for 60 days, the pupal period was shortened compared to that of pupae kept at a constant 25°C. The optimum temperature for diapause termination was 10-15°C. The pupal period decreased with the duration of chilling up to about 50 days, indicating that chilling accelerated diapause development. In contrast, at more than 50 days of chilling, the pupal period increased linearly with the duration of chilling, indicating that chilling blocked the initiation of adult development. chilling at 10 or 15°C for more than 60 days terminated pupal diapause in all individuals because adult emergence occurred uniformly within 40 days when the pupae were transferred to 25°C. When diapause pupae were chilled for 30 days beginning 20, 40 and 60 days after pupation, the earlier the chilling was started, the more effectively it shortened the pupal period. It is concluded that although exposure to low temperature is not necessary to break diapause, (i) low temperature (10-15°C) promotes diapause development and (ii) the sensitivity to low temperature changes during diapause.
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Kaori YARA, Yasuhisa KUNIMI, Hidenori IWAHANA
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
625-634
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
We examined the growth characteristics and competitive abilities of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in soil. the growth and persistence of the two bacilli, added to sterile soil with or without soil bacteria, were monitored under aerobic conditions. When vegetative cells or spores of B. thuringiensis and/or B. cereus were added to sterile soil, both bacilli increased their numbers. The final levels of population were greater for B. cereus than for B. thuringiensis. In most of the cases when vegetative cells of B. thuringiensis were added at the same time as indigenous soil bacteria to sterile soil, B. thuringiensis sporulated immediately without any growth. B. thuringiensis grew only when both B. thuringiensis and indigenous soil bacteria were inoculated at low densities. On the other hand, when vegetative cells or spores of B. cereus were added at the same time as indigenous soil bacteria to sterile soil, B. cereus grew even when indigenous soil bacteria were inoculated at high density. These data suggest that B. thuringiensis is less adaptive to soil habitats than B. cereus.
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Yasuki KITASHIMA, Tetsuo GOTOH
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
635-637
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
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Koh GOMI, Tetsuo GOTOH
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
638-641
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Kinue KINJO, Norio ARAKAKI
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
641-644
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
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Katsuyuki KOHNO
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
644-648
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Masashi KAKIZAKI, Hajime SUGIE
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
648-651
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Shefali BEGUM, Ritsuko TSUKUDA, Kenji FUJISAKI, Fusao NAKASUJI
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
651-654
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Midori FUKAYA, Sadao WAKAMURA, Tetsuya YASUDA, Shuji SENDA, Tetsuo OMA ...
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
654-656
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
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H. Arthur MCINTOSH, L. Cynthia GOODMAN, J. James GRASELA
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
657-658
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー
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Masami TAKAGI, Kenta MURAKAMI
1997 年 32 巻 4 号 p.
659-660
発行日: 1997/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/07
ジャーナル
フリー