Annals of Japan Association for Middle East Studies
Online ISSN : 2433-1872
Print ISSN : 0913-7858
Volume 26, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • Koji HORINUKI
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 1-32
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This article aims to discuss how the emirate of Dubai has developed and adapted to globalisation through administrative reforms. Dubai has developed continuously since the early twentieth century as a port city, and its economy became diversified in an endeavour to build an oil-independent country in the oil era. This process of economic development, especially after the 1990s, can be described as a globalisation strategy, i.e., the strategic formation of infrastructure and environment to attract people, goods, money, and information to adapt to globalisation and expand them globally to seek business opportunities. In other words, globalisation is the key to survival in the contemporary world, and administrative reform in the government of Dubai is very important to understand it. We can point out that the global financial crises in 2008 and 2009 demonstrated that Dubai has integrated international politics, economy, and finance. We would like to address the following questions in this paper: What types of administrative reforms were introduced in Dubai and what were the resulting achievements? In this study, we first briefly describe the development process and its position in the UAE and establish globalisation strategy as a means of survival for the emirate of Dubai. We then clarify the actions of the government during the reform process. Finally, besides the responses to evaluations of the Dubai debt crisis, we examine the characteristics and achievements of the administrative reformsand point out the underlying reasons for their introduction by the Dubai government. In conclusion, we can identify five major reasons for which the New Public Management (NPM)-style administrative reforms is considered an important strategy for Dubai: (1) developing economies require reinforcement of administrative capacity, (2) easing and reforming of regulations are needed to boost investment and business activities, (3) building frameworks and institutions is necessary for new economic development, (4) increase in population size and number of companies necessitates expansion of administrative services, and (5) fiscal changes are needed to improve the government financial condition. However, difficulties arose after the global financial crisis in 2008, and Dubai has entered a new phase that requires new strategies and reforms.
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  • Yohei MATSUYAMA
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 33-55
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper investigates the concept of Fiqh al-Aqallīyāt, jurisprudence for Muslims living as religious minorities in non-Muslim lands, classifying its advocates into several categories and analyzes its social meaning from the standpoint of the religious market theory. The variance in methodology among the advocates of Fiqh al-Aqallīyāt is big to the extent that they do not have any shared ideas about it. While some of them present methodology innovative enough to advocate this new discipline of fiqh, others do not. This is to say that what induces them to propose Fiqh al-Aqallīyāt is not any ideological cause but the religious market. In the religious market of Islam in non-Muslim societies today, the influence of the ulama is increasingly limited: their traditional speeches do not strike a chord of sympathy, while Muslim thinkers who are not ulama are gaining growing popularity among not only Muslims but also non-Muslims. Therefore, it can be safely said that the advocates of Fiqh al-Aqallīyāt are making use of this terminology to make rulings on the momentous daily problems faced by Muslim minorities and to do so in the traditional language of Sharī‘a. Fiqh al-Aqallīyāt can be regarded as a strategic weapon invented by the ulama to survive the competitive contemporary religious market of Islam.
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  • Yushi CHIBA
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 57-88
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This aim of this paper is to describe the history of mass media in Egypt after the mid-twentieth century, with particular focus on the transformation of government’s media strategy in the 1970s and 1980s. After the Egyptian revolution in 1952, the new government started using media as a propaganda tool. Further, they also used it to actively propagate their revolutionary ideologies to other countries. Although some preliminary studies have referred to the media strategies of President Nasser (1956–1970), there has been no comprehensive analysis of the situation thereafter. As a result, the 1970s and 1980s, the decades before satellite TVs appeared in the Arab world, are known as the period of dissolution of national media borders, although there is no existing evidence for this. Contrary to this accepted view, my analyses of the radio, cinema, and TV reveals that during the period between 1970 and 1990, the national media boundaries were strengthened. I have also explored the similarities in the transformations of these three media from external to internal orientations and I conclude that this period should be regarded as “three era of national media.”
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  • Taizo IMANO
    Article type: Article
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 89-122
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper examines the relations of narratives, spatial representation and identities, focusing on the Israeli-Jewish settlers committed to “activist Messianism” and settling in the heart of the West Bank. Research questions consider how settlers narrate about their co-religionists or family members killed in the West Bank and their deaths; what meanings they give to the dead/deaths; how they represent those dead/deaths in space; and how the narratives on the dead/deaths and their spatial representations formulate, compose and mold the collective identities of the living. This paper analyzes and categorizes the narratives of the activist Messianist settlers and the contents of monuments and graves built in and around their settlements. This paper shows the ways in which the narratives and spatial representations of the dead/deaths interact with the ideology of the activist Messianism, functioning to strengthen the legitimization of settling in the West Bank and often strengthening their ideological and religious convictions. This research also reveals the ways in which the combinations of the experiences and practices in frontiers and the religious-political ideology of activist Messianism create the “Other” and sharpen the national boundary between “the Jews” and “the Arabs”, formulating and reproducing the collective identity of the activist Messianists.
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  • Sinan LEVENT
    Article type: Research Note
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 123-149
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The images of Japan in the Turkish print media on Cumhuriyet daily newspaper in 1930s have been discussed in this paper. Accordingly the Turkish-Japanese relation in the first era of the Turkish Republic under Ataturk’s administration will be enlightened from the perspective of print media. Cumhuriyet has been used as a primary source. Books and academic articles related to the Japanese history and the Turkish print media have also been utilized as secondary sources. Subjects, mostly related to Japan in Cumhuriyet are as followings: - Chinese-Japanese Relations - Soviet Russian-Japanese Relations - Japanese Home Politics - Japanese Interest to Central Asia - Japanese Army To summarize our analysis on Cumhuriyet, there were two points of views regarding Japan in 1930s: 1) Pan-Turkist contributors, such as Muharrem Feyzi Togay, Ahmed Agaoğlu, tried to reflect Japan as a country whose expansion policy was different from the Western countries and tended to justify the Japanese military movements. 2) Yunus Nadi, who was a reformist and Kemalist, criticized strictly Japan and its expansionist policy in East Asia and stepped up for China. Nadir Nadi and Peyami Safa were also critical of Japan, but not as much as Yunus Nadi. In conclusion, it is possible to say that Pan-Turkists in the Turkish Republic of 1930s had affinity to Japan. But those, who were closer to the government and Kemalist ideology, was hands-off attitude and partially critical.
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  • Nanako MURATA SAWAYANAGI
    Article type: Research Note
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 151-184
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper examines the initial endeavors of Greece to grapple with the refugee problem by illuminating the ideological discourses in the lawmaking process of the Greek Parliament in 1906‒1907 on the land distribution among the Greek refugees from the Balkan states. Confronting Balkan nationalism that victimized age-long ethnic Greek communities outside its frontiers, the Greek state faced up to the reality of the setback of its irredentist policy. In the Parliament, serious and patriotic discussions were made in order to help those refugees effectively relocate and make new communities in Greek Thessaly by distributing land and furnishing financial aid. The deliberations in the Parliament, with a keen sense of the crisis of Hellenism, resulted in Law 3202, enacted on April 7, 1907. The first state-sponsored legislative proceedings to settle refugees in Greek territory can be regarded as quite successful in that they offered a realistic solution to the refugee issue at that point in time. In addition, this legislative project concomitantly contributed to turning native Greek sharecroppers, who had suffered for long periods from the private large estate system, into smallholders. Referring to the legal arrangement for the refugees discussed in this paper, the Greek government was to wrestle with massive numbers of incoming Greek refugees from Asia Minor after the Greek forces were defeated by the Kemalist Turkish army in 1922.
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  • Reiko OKAWA
    Article type: Book Review
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 185-189
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Nobuyoshi FUJINAMI
    Article type: Book Review
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 191-197
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Yoko SONONAKA
    Article type: Book Review
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 199-202
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Yukako GOTO
    Article type: Doctoral Theses in Middle East Studies
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 203-206
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Nobuyoshi FUJINAMI
    Article type: Doctoral Theses in Middle East Studies
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 207-213
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Keiko YAMADA (OTA)
    Article type: Doctoral Theses in Middle East Studies
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 214-220
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Maria KOSUGI
    Article type: Doctoral Theses in Middle East Studies
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 221-226
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Chiaki FUJII
    Article type: Doctoral Theses in Middle East Studies
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 227-230
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (726K)
  • AJAMES Editorial Committee
    Article type: Middle East Studies in Japan
    2010 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 231-248
    Published: January 05, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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